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الرمزية الدينية للمسجد الأقصى ودوره في تحفيز المسلمين على تحرير بيت المقدس من الصليبيين عام 583هـ/1187م

Yıl 2021, , 393 - 409, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.971325

Öz

يحتل بيت المقدس مركزاً متميزاً عند المسلمين وأهل الكتاب؛ فهو مكان استقرار للكثير من الأنبياء، أو عبور للكثيرين منهم، كما أنه حظي باهتمام كبير من قبل المسلمين فهو معراج النبي ﷺ إلى السماء، إضافة إلى وجود المسجد الأقصى بما فيه من الجامع الأقصى وقبة الصخرة وغيرهما من الآثار الإسلامية. ونظراً لما حملته هذه المدينة من تلك الدلالات الرمزية العميقة، فقد تعرضت لتهديدات كثيرة عبر مراحل تاريخها، مما دفع بالمسلمين للدفاع عن مقدساتها التي تخص جميع الحضارات، وخاصة بعد تعرضها لهجمات الصليبيين الذين دنسوها، وعملوا على تغيير ملامحها، دون احترام قدسيتها لدى جميع الديانات. تأتي أهمية هذه الدراسة من كونها ستلقي الضوء على هذه الأماكن المقدسة، وكيف تعامل المسلمون مع أصحاب الديانات المختلفة، وحفظوا لهم آثارهم المقدسة واحترموها، ثم المقارنة ما بينهم وبين الصليبيين، الذي اغتصبوا الأرض ولم يحترموا مقدسات هذه المدينة التي كانت مميزة لدى جميع الأديان، وفي نهاية البحث تم مناقشة كيف نجح المسلمون بقيادة صلاح الدين بتحرير هذه الأرض.

Kaynakça

  • ‘Awad, M. M. (2000) al-Hurub al-Salibiyah: al-Alaqat bayn al-Sharq wal-Gharb. Cairo: ‘Ayn lil-Dirasat wal-Buhuth.
  • ‘Awad, M. M. A. (1992) al-Rahalah al-Urubyun fi Mamlakat Bayt al-Maqdis al-Salibiyah 1099-1187. Cairo: Maktabat Madbouli.
  • Abu Shamah (1998) al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn al-Nouriyah wal-Salahiyah. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyah.
  • Ali, H. (2020) Madinat Mardin wa-Dawruha fi Muwajahat al-Salibiyin. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.20/3.
  • Ali, W. M. (1407AH) Qiyam al-Dawlah al-Ayubiyah fi Misir wal-Sham. Cairo: Dar al-Fikir al-Arabi. Al-Mahasinah, A. A. A. (2002) Mawqif al-Ulama’ wal-Udaba’ min al-Salibiyin fi al-Asr al-Auybi. Muta University.
  • al-Arif, A. (n.d.) Tarikh Qubat al-Sakhrah wal-Masjid al-Aqsa al-Mubarak wa-Lamhah ‘an Tarikh al-Quds. Jerusalem: Matbat Dar al-Aytam.
  • Attiyah, A. S. (n.d.) al-Hurub al-Salibiyah wa-Tathiriha ‘ala al-‘Alaqat bayn al-Sharq wal-Gharb. Cairo: Dar al-Thaqafah.
  • Bayoud, M. A. (2016) al-Kitabah fi Fadail Bayt al-Maqdis wa-Dawruha fi al-Harakah al-Marifiyah wa-Sinaat al-Wai‘ fi muwajahat al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.16/1.
  • al-Dajani, A. S. (1992) al-Tariq ila Hittin wal-Quds. Amman: Dar al-Bashir.
  • al-Dhahabi (1985) Siyar ‘Alam al-Nubala’ Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • El-Awaisi, A. F. (2019) Naziryat wa-Namazij Bayt al-Maqdis li-Tafsir al-Ahdath al-Mu’asirah wa-Tawjihiha wa-Sinaat al-Tarikh al-Mustaqbili. Istanbul: Dar al-Usul al-Ilmiyah.
  • El-Awaisi, K. (2021) Taslim Bayt al-Maqdis lil-Sultan Salah al-Din sanat 583AH/1187CE Hal Kan Sulhan am ‘Unwah wa-Tada‘iyat Thalik. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, vol.21/1.
  • Elkholy, K. F. (2014) Qira’ah fi Khutbat al-Fath al-Salahi li-Bayt al-Maqdis. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, vol.14/1.
  • al-Fara, A. (n.d.) al-Juzur al-Tarikhiyah lil-Quds wa-Kayfiyat al-Hifaz ‘Alayha. Palestine: al-Quds Open University.
  • Faris, I. M. (2010) Qira’ah fi al-‘Uhdah al-‘Umariyah. Majalat Jamiat Dimashq. Vol.26/1-2. Foucher de Chartres, (2001) al-Istitan al-Salibi fi Filistin: Tarikh al-Hamlah ila al-Quds. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq.
  • Habashi, H. (tr.) (1998) al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Cairo : Mu’asasat al-Ahram.
  • al-Hariri, A. A. (1981) al-Ilam wal-Tabyin fo khuruj al-Firanj al-Mal‘ain ‘ala Diyar al-Muslimin. Damascus: Dar al-Malah.
  • al-Hariri, S. A. (1985) al-Akhbar al-Saniyah fi al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Cairo: al-Zahra’ lil-Nashir.
  • Hussain, M. (2013) al-Masjid al-Aqsa Qadiman wa-Hadithan. Palestine: Dar al-Ifta’ al-Filistinyah.
  • Ibn al-Adim (1996) Zubdat al-Halab min Tarikh Halap. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Athir, (n.d.) al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tafiqiyah.
  • Ibn al-Ibri (1983) Tarikh Mukhtasar al-Duwal. Beirut: Dar al-Ra’id al-Lubnani.
  • Ibn al-Jawzi (1980) Fazail al-Quds. Beirut: Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah.
  • Ibn al-Jawzi (n.d.) al-Muntazam fi Akhbar al-Muluk wal-Umamm. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Qalansi, (1983) Tarikh Dimashiq 360-555AH. Damascus: Dar Hassan.
  • Ibn Kathir, (n.d.) al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tawfiqiyah.
  • Ibn Wasil (1957) Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayyub. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
  • al-Isfahani, I. (1322AH) al-Fath al-Qussi fi al-Fath al-Qudsi. Cairo: al-Matabah al-Khayriyah.
  • Jabrat Allah, A. H. Et al. (2012) Ishamat Usrat Bani al-Khashab fi al-Hayat al-Siyasah fi Madinat Halap ma bayn al-Qarn al-Rabi’ al-Hijri/ al-Ashir al-Miladi – al-Sabi’ al-Hijri/ al-Thalith Ashar al-Miladi. Majalat Kuliyat al-Adab. Vol.99.
  • Khalaf, T. (2019) Bernard al-Hakim min Roma ila al-Quds Zaman al-Khalifah al-Mutaz. Sahifat al-Arabi al-Jadid. https://www.alaraby.co.uk.
  • al-Maqrizi, (n.d.) al-Mawa’iz wal-Itibar bi-Zikr al-Khutat wal-Athar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • al-Masri, A. Z. (2014) Athar al-Takamul al-Siyasi wal-Marifi fi Fath Bayt al-Maqdis. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.14/1.
  • Prawer, J. (2001) al-Istitan al-Salibi fi Filistin: Mamlakat Bayt al-Maqdis. Egypt: ‘Ayn lil-Dirasat wal-Buhuth al-Insaniyah wal-Ijtimaiyah.
  • Qasim, A. Q. (2000) al-Hamlah al-Salibiyah al-Ula: Nusus wa-Wathaiq Tarikhiyah. Cairo: ‘Ayn lil-Dirasat wal-Buhuth al-Insaniyah wal-Ijtimaiyah.
  • al-Qattan, M. H. (1924) Muhadarat Qubat al-Sakhra wal-Masjid al-Aqsa. Egypt: Jamiyat al-Muhandisin al-Malakiyah al-Misriyah.
  • Reston, J. (2002) Muqatilun fi Sabil Allah. Riyadh : Maktabat Obeikan.
  • al-Sallabi, A. (2006) Dawlat al-Salajiqah wa-Mashru‘ Islami li-Muqawamat al-Tagalul al-Batini wal-Ghazw al-Salibi. Cairo: Mu’asasat Iqra’ lil-Nashir.
  • Şerifoğlu, M. (2020) Ahamiyat Bayt al-Maqdis fi Maydan al-Sira‘ bayn al-Tawazunat fi Mantiqat “al-Sharq al-Awsat” khilal ‘ahd al-Aratiqah. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.20/3.
  • al-Sirjani, R. (2009) Qissat al-Hurub al-Salibiyah: min al-bidayah ila ‘Ahd Nur al-Din Zinki. Cairo: Mua’sasat Iqra.
  • al-Sulami (2007) Kitab al-Jihad: Arbat kutub fi al-Jihad min ‘Asr al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Damascus: Matbat al-Takween.
  • al-Tabari, M. (n.d.) Tarikh al-Rusul wal-Muluk. Egypt: Dar al-Ma‘arif.
  • Uqlah, I. M. and Bani Yasin, Y. A. (2014) Kitab al-Sulami: Dirasah fi Masadirhi wa-Manhajih wa-Ru’yat al-Jihad. Dirasat al-Ulum al-Insaniyah wal-Ijtimaiyah. Vol.41/3.
  • Zakkar, S. (1984) Hittin Masirat al-Tahrir min Dimashq ila al-Quds. Damascus: Dar Hassan.
  • al-Zayyan, R. I. (2006) Riwayat al-Uhdah al-‘Umariyah: Dirasah Tawthiqiyah. Majalt al-Jami‘ah al-Islamiyah- Gaza. Vol.14/2.

Beytülmakdis’in Haçlılardan Kurtarılmasında Mescid-I Aksa’nın Önemi ve Müslümanları Motive Etmedeki Rolü (M. 1187-H. 583)

Yıl 2021, , 393 - 409, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.971325

Öz

Beytülmakdis, Müslümanlar ve ehl-i kitap arasında, peygamberler yurdu olması nedeniyle seçkin bir konuma sahiptir. Dünyanın ikinci mescidi olan Mescid-i Aksa ve Hz. Peygamberin mucizevi Gece Yolculuğunun varış yeri olan Kudüs, tarihi boyunca pek çok tehdide maruz kalmıştır. Bu makale, Müslümanların, farklı dinlere mensup insanlara, Kudüs’teki diğer dinlere mahsus yapılara ve onları nasıl koruduklarına odaklanmaktadır. Daha sonra Haçlıların Kudüs’ü zapt etmelerinin ve burada nasıl davrandıklarının karşılaştırmalı bir analizi yapılmıştır. Son olarak, Selahaddin liderliğindeki Müslümanların Beytülmakdis'i özgürleştirmede ve kutsallığını yeniden tesis etmedeki icraatları irdelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • ‘Awad, M. M. (2000) al-Hurub al-Salibiyah: al-Alaqat bayn al-Sharq wal-Gharb. Cairo: ‘Ayn lil-Dirasat wal-Buhuth.
  • ‘Awad, M. M. A. (1992) al-Rahalah al-Urubyun fi Mamlakat Bayt al-Maqdis al-Salibiyah 1099-1187. Cairo: Maktabat Madbouli.
  • Abu Shamah (1998) al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn al-Nouriyah wal-Salahiyah. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyah.
  • Ali, H. (2020) Madinat Mardin wa-Dawruha fi Muwajahat al-Salibiyin. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.20/3.
  • Ali, W. M. (1407AH) Qiyam al-Dawlah al-Ayubiyah fi Misir wal-Sham. Cairo: Dar al-Fikir al-Arabi. Al-Mahasinah, A. A. A. (2002) Mawqif al-Ulama’ wal-Udaba’ min al-Salibiyin fi al-Asr al-Auybi. Muta University.
  • al-Arif, A. (n.d.) Tarikh Qubat al-Sakhrah wal-Masjid al-Aqsa al-Mubarak wa-Lamhah ‘an Tarikh al-Quds. Jerusalem: Matbat Dar al-Aytam.
  • Attiyah, A. S. (n.d.) al-Hurub al-Salibiyah wa-Tathiriha ‘ala al-‘Alaqat bayn al-Sharq wal-Gharb. Cairo: Dar al-Thaqafah.
  • Bayoud, M. A. (2016) al-Kitabah fi Fadail Bayt al-Maqdis wa-Dawruha fi al-Harakah al-Marifiyah wa-Sinaat al-Wai‘ fi muwajahat al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.16/1.
  • al-Dajani, A. S. (1992) al-Tariq ila Hittin wal-Quds. Amman: Dar al-Bashir.
  • al-Dhahabi (1985) Siyar ‘Alam al-Nubala’ Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • El-Awaisi, A. F. (2019) Naziryat wa-Namazij Bayt al-Maqdis li-Tafsir al-Ahdath al-Mu’asirah wa-Tawjihiha wa-Sinaat al-Tarikh al-Mustaqbili. Istanbul: Dar al-Usul al-Ilmiyah.
  • El-Awaisi, K. (2021) Taslim Bayt al-Maqdis lil-Sultan Salah al-Din sanat 583AH/1187CE Hal Kan Sulhan am ‘Unwah wa-Tada‘iyat Thalik. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, vol.21/1.
  • Elkholy, K. F. (2014) Qira’ah fi Khutbat al-Fath al-Salahi li-Bayt al-Maqdis. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, vol.14/1.
  • al-Fara, A. (n.d.) al-Juzur al-Tarikhiyah lil-Quds wa-Kayfiyat al-Hifaz ‘Alayha. Palestine: al-Quds Open University.
  • Faris, I. M. (2010) Qira’ah fi al-‘Uhdah al-‘Umariyah. Majalat Jamiat Dimashq. Vol.26/1-2. Foucher de Chartres, (2001) al-Istitan al-Salibi fi Filistin: Tarikh al-Hamlah ila al-Quds. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq.
  • Habashi, H. (tr.) (1998) al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Cairo : Mu’asasat al-Ahram.
  • al-Hariri, A. A. (1981) al-Ilam wal-Tabyin fo khuruj al-Firanj al-Mal‘ain ‘ala Diyar al-Muslimin. Damascus: Dar al-Malah.
  • al-Hariri, S. A. (1985) al-Akhbar al-Saniyah fi al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Cairo: al-Zahra’ lil-Nashir.
  • Hussain, M. (2013) al-Masjid al-Aqsa Qadiman wa-Hadithan. Palestine: Dar al-Ifta’ al-Filistinyah.
  • Ibn al-Adim (1996) Zubdat al-Halab min Tarikh Halap. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Athir, (n.d.) al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tafiqiyah.
  • Ibn al-Ibri (1983) Tarikh Mukhtasar al-Duwal. Beirut: Dar al-Ra’id al-Lubnani.
  • Ibn al-Jawzi (1980) Fazail al-Quds. Beirut: Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah.
  • Ibn al-Jawzi (n.d.) al-Muntazam fi Akhbar al-Muluk wal-Umamm. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Qalansi, (1983) Tarikh Dimashiq 360-555AH. Damascus: Dar Hassan.
  • Ibn Kathir, (n.d.) al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tawfiqiyah.
  • Ibn Wasil (1957) Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayyub. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
  • al-Isfahani, I. (1322AH) al-Fath al-Qussi fi al-Fath al-Qudsi. Cairo: al-Matabah al-Khayriyah.
  • Jabrat Allah, A. H. Et al. (2012) Ishamat Usrat Bani al-Khashab fi al-Hayat al-Siyasah fi Madinat Halap ma bayn al-Qarn al-Rabi’ al-Hijri/ al-Ashir al-Miladi – al-Sabi’ al-Hijri/ al-Thalith Ashar al-Miladi. Majalat Kuliyat al-Adab. Vol.99.
  • Khalaf, T. (2019) Bernard al-Hakim min Roma ila al-Quds Zaman al-Khalifah al-Mutaz. Sahifat al-Arabi al-Jadid. https://www.alaraby.co.uk.
  • al-Maqrizi, (n.d.) al-Mawa’iz wal-Itibar bi-Zikr al-Khutat wal-Athar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • al-Masri, A. Z. (2014) Athar al-Takamul al-Siyasi wal-Marifi fi Fath Bayt al-Maqdis. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.14/1.
  • Prawer, J. (2001) al-Istitan al-Salibi fi Filistin: Mamlakat Bayt al-Maqdis. Egypt: ‘Ayn lil-Dirasat wal-Buhuth al-Insaniyah wal-Ijtimaiyah.
  • Qasim, A. Q. (2000) al-Hamlah al-Salibiyah al-Ula: Nusus wa-Wathaiq Tarikhiyah. Cairo: ‘Ayn lil-Dirasat wal-Buhuth al-Insaniyah wal-Ijtimaiyah.
  • al-Qattan, M. H. (1924) Muhadarat Qubat al-Sakhra wal-Masjid al-Aqsa. Egypt: Jamiyat al-Muhandisin al-Malakiyah al-Misriyah.
  • Reston, J. (2002) Muqatilun fi Sabil Allah. Riyadh : Maktabat Obeikan.
  • al-Sallabi, A. (2006) Dawlat al-Salajiqah wa-Mashru‘ Islami li-Muqawamat al-Tagalul al-Batini wal-Ghazw al-Salibi. Cairo: Mu’asasat Iqra’ lil-Nashir.
  • Şerifoğlu, M. (2020) Ahamiyat Bayt al-Maqdis fi Maydan al-Sira‘ bayn al-Tawazunat fi Mantiqat “al-Sharq al-Awsat” khilal ‘ahd al-Aratiqah. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.20/3.
  • al-Sirjani, R. (2009) Qissat al-Hurub al-Salibiyah: min al-bidayah ila ‘Ahd Nur al-Din Zinki. Cairo: Mua’sasat Iqra.
  • al-Sulami (2007) Kitab al-Jihad: Arbat kutub fi al-Jihad min ‘Asr al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Damascus: Matbat al-Takween.
  • al-Tabari, M. (n.d.) Tarikh al-Rusul wal-Muluk. Egypt: Dar al-Ma‘arif.
  • Uqlah, I. M. and Bani Yasin, Y. A. (2014) Kitab al-Sulami: Dirasah fi Masadirhi wa-Manhajih wa-Ru’yat al-Jihad. Dirasat al-Ulum al-Insaniyah wal-Ijtimaiyah. Vol.41/3.
  • Zakkar, S. (1984) Hittin Masirat al-Tahrir min Dimashq ila al-Quds. Damascus: Dar Hassan.
  • al-Zayyan, R. I. (2006) Riwayat al-Uhdah al-‘Umariyah: Dirasah Tawthiqiyah. Majalt al-Jami‘ah al-Islamiyah- Gaza. Vol.14/2.

The Religious Symbolism of Al-Aqsa Mosque and its role in Motivating Muslims to Liberate Bayt al-Maqdis from the Crusaders

Yıl 2021, , 393 - 409, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.971325

Öz

Bayt al-Maqdis occupies a distinguished position amongst Muslims and the People of the Book, as it is the abode of prophets that many have settled or passed through. Its most important position is its holiness to Muslims as it houses al-Aqsa Mosque (with its Dome of the Rock and al-Jami al-Aqsa) - the second mosque on earth - and was the first Qiblah of Prophet Muhammad, as well as the destination of his miraculous Night Journey and the site of his Ascension to the heavens. Al-Aqsa Mosque has deep symbolic significance for this holy city, which has been exposed to many threats in its history, prompting Muslims to defend its holy places, especially after the Crusaders attacks who violated its sanctity and worked to change its features without respecting its holiness to other religions. This paper focuses on these holy places and how Muslims dealt with the people of different religions, and preserved and respected their sacred sites. It then compares how the holy places were treated by the Muslims and the Crusaders. Finally, it concludes with the success of Muslims, led by Salah al-Din, in liberating Bayt al-Maqdis and reinstating its sanctity.

Kaynakça

  • ‘Awad, M. M. (2000) al-Hurub al-Salibiyah: al-Alaqat bayn al-Sharq wal-Gharb. Cairo: ‘Ayn lil-Dirasat wal-Buhuth.
  • ‘Awad, M. M. A. (1992) al-Rahalah al-Urubyun fi Mamlakat Bayt al-Maqdis al-Salibiyah 1099-1187. Cairo: Maktabat Madbouli.
  • Abu Shamah (1998) al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn al-Nouriyah wal-Salahiyah. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyah.
  • Ali, H. (2020) Madinat Mardin wa-Dawruha fi Muwajahat al-Salibiyin. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.20/3.
  • Ali, W. M. (1407AH) Qiyam al-Dawlah al-Ayubiyah fi Misir wal-Sham. Cairo: Dar al-Fikir al-Arabi. Al-Mahasinah, A. A. A. (2002) Mawqif al-Ulama’ wal-Udaba’ min al-Salibiyin fi al-Asr al-Auybi. Muta University.
  • al-Arif, A. (n.d.) Tarikh Qubat al-Sakhrah wal-Masjid al-Aqsa al-Mubarak wa-Lamhah ‘an Tarikh al-Quds. Jerusalem: Matbat Dar al-Aytam.
  • Attiyah, A. S. (n.d.) al-Hurub al-Salibiyah wa-Tathiriha ‘ala al-‘Alaqat bayn al-Sharq wal-Gharb. Cairo: Dar al-Thaqafah.
  • Bayoud, M. A. (2016) al-Kitabah fi Fadail Bayt al-Maqdis wa-Dawruha fi al-Harakah al-Marifiyah wa-Sinaat al-Wai‘ fi muwajahat al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.16/1.
  • al-Dajani, A. S. (1992) al-Tariq ila Hittin wal-Quds. Amman: Dar al-Bashir.
  • al-Dhahabi (1985) Siyar ‘Alam al-Nubala’ Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • El-Awaisi, A. F. (2019) Naziryat wa-Namazij Bayt al-Maqdis li-Tafsir al-Ahdath al-Mu’asirah wa-Tawjihiha wa-Sinaat al-Tarikh al-Mustaqbili. Istanbul: Dar al-Usul al-Ilmiyah.
  • El-Awaisi, K. (2021) Taslim Bayt al-Maqdis lil-Sultan Salah al-Din sanat 583AH/1187CE Hal Kan Sulhan am ‘Unwah wa-Tada‘iyat Thalik. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, vol.21/1.
  • Elkholy, K. F. (2014) Qira’ah fi Khutbat al-Fath al-Salahi li-Bayt al-Maqdis. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, vol.14/1.
  • al-Fara, A. (n.d.) al-Juzur al-Tarikhiyah lil-Quds wa-Kayfiyat al-Hifaz ‘Alayha. Palestine: al-Quds Open University.
  • Faris, I. M. (2010) Qira’ah fi al-‘Uhdah al-‘Umariyah. Majalat Jamiat Dimashq. Vol.26/1-2. Foucher de Chartres, (2001) al-Istitan al-Salibi fi Filistin: Tarikh al-Hamlah ila al-Quds. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq.
  • Habashi, H. (tr.) (1998) al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Cairo : Mu’asasat al-Ahram.
  • al-Hariri, A. A. (1981) al-Ilam wal-Tabyin fo khuruj al-Firanj al-Mal‘ain ‘ala Diyar al-Muslimin. Damascus: Dar al-Malah.
  • al-Hariri, S. A. (1985) al-Akhbar al-Saniyah fi al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Cairo: al-Zahra’ lil-Nashir.
  • Hussain, M. (2013) al-Masjid al-Aqsa Qadiman wa-Hadithan. Palestine: Dar al-Ifta’ al-Filistinyah.
  • Ibn al-Adim (1996) Zubdat al-Halab min Tarikh Halap. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Athir, (n.d.) al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tafiqiyah.
  • Ibn al-Ibri (1983) Tarikh Mukhtasar al-Duwal. Beirut: Dar al-Ra’id al-Lubnani.
  • Ibn al-Jawzi (1980) Fazail al-Quds. Beirut: Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah.
  • Ibn al-Jawzi (n.d.) al-Muntazam fi Akhbar al-Muluk wal-Umamm. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Qalansi, (1983) Tarikh Dimashiq 360-555AH. Damascus: Dar Hassan.
  • Ibn Kathir, (n.d.) al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tawfiqiyah.
  • Ibn Wasil (1957) Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayyub. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
  • al-Isfahani, I. (1322AH) al-Fath al-Qussi fi al-Fath al-Qudsi. Cairo: al-Matabah al-Khayriyah.
  • Jabrat Allah, A. H. Et al. (2012) Ishamat Usrat Bani al-Khashab fi al-Hayat al-Siyasah fi Madinat Halap ma bayn al-Qarn al-Rabi’ al-Hijri/ al-Ashir al-Miladi – al-Sabi’ al-Hijri/ al-Thalith Ashar al-Miladi. Majalat Kuliyat al-Adab. Vol.99.
  • Khalaf, T. (2019) Bernard al-Hakim min Roma ila al-Quds Zaman al-Khalifah al-Mutaz. Sahifat al-Arabi al-Jadid. https://www.alaraby.co.uk.
  • al-Maqrizi, (n.d.) al-Mawa’iz wal-Itibar bi-Zikr al-Khutat wal-Athar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • al-Masri, A. Z. (2014) Athar al-Takamul al-Siyasi wal-Marifi fi Fath Bayt al-Maqdis. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.14/1.
  • Prawer, J. (2001) al-Istitan al-Salibi fi Filistin: Mamlakat Bayt al-Maqdis. Egypt: ‘Ayn lil-Dirasat wal-Buhuth al-Insaniyah wal-Ijtimaiyah.
  • Qasim, A. Q. (2000) al-Hamlah al-Salibiyah al-Ula: Nusus wa-Wathaiq Tarikhiyah. Cairo: ‘Ayn lil-Dirasat wal-Buhuth al-Insaniyah wal-Ijtimaiyah.
  • al-Qattan, M. H. (1924) Muhadarat Qubat al-Sakhra wal-Masjid al-Aqsa. Egypt: Jamiyat al-Muhandisin al-Malakiyah al-Misriyah.
  • Reston, J. (2002) Muqatilun fi Sabil Allah. Riyadh : Maktabat Obeikan.
  • al-Sallabi, A. (2006) Dawlat al-Salajiqah wa-Mashru‘ Islami li-Muqawamat al-Tagalul al-Batini wal-Ghazw al-Salibi. Cairo: Mu’asasat Iqra’ lil-Nashir.
  • Şerifoğlu, M. (2020) Ahamiyat Bayt al-Maqdis fi Maydan al-Sira‘ bayn al-Tawazunat fi Mantiqat “al-Sharq al-Awsat” khilal ‘ahd al-Aratiqah. Journal of Islamicjerusalem, Vol.20/3.
  • al-Sirjani, R. (2009) Qissat al-Hurub al-Salibiyah: min al-bidayah ila ‘Ahd Nur al-Din Zinki. Cairo: Mua’sasat Iqra.
  • al-Sulami (2007) Kitab al-Jihad: Arbat kutub fi al-Jihad min ‘Asr al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Damascus: Matbat al-Takween.
  • al-Tabari, M. (n.d.) Tarikh al-Rusul wal-Muluk. Egypt: Dar al-Ma‘arif.
  • Uqlah, I. M. and Bani Yasin, Y. A. (2014) Kitab al-Sulami: Dirasah fi Masadirhi wa-Manhajih wa-Ru’yat al-Jihad. Dirasat al-Ulum al-Insaniyah wal-Ijtimaiyah. Vol.41/3.
  • Zakkar, S. (1984) Hittin Masirat al-Tahrir min Dimashq ila al-Quds. Damascus: Dar Hassan.
  • al-Zayyan, R. I. (2006) Riwayat al-Uhdah al-‘Umariyah: Dirasah Tawthiqiyah. Majalt al-Jami‘ah al-Islamiyah- Gaza. Vol.14/2.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Arapça
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nergis Esad Kaddru

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaddru, N. E. (2021). الرمزية الدينية للمسجد الأقصى ودوره في تحفيز المسلمين على تحرير بيت المقدس من الصليبيين عام 583هـ/1187م. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, 21(3), 393-409. https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.971325

ISSN:1367-1936 , e-ISSN:2514-6009