The United States Reaction to the Iraqi Kurdish issue 1990-1996

Öz

The American coalition which became victorious in the Gulf War against the Iraqi Baathist regime, instituted itself profoundly mixed up with the question of the people of Kurdistan of Iraq once the war ended in 1991. To perceive the United States' dilemmatic reaction to the Kurdish issue in Iraq in 1991 and afterward events, it is significant to explore the background of Kurdish organizational and political development previous and the Kurdish political events followed the 1991. In this paper, the researcher attempts to develop the outline and historical account of the struggle, the peaceful initiatives, the local and global role in the Kurdish challenges and the events that resulted in the failure of the CIA supported operation besides the events that ensued. This study showcases a valuable explanation of confidently unexposed specifics related to these parties. Precise focus was placed on relation between the Kurdish political situation in 1980s and the US policy toward the Kurdish issue, the Iraqi government invasion of Kuwait and the Kurdish uprising, the unified response to the Kurdish question, the Operation Provide Comfort and the Iraqi reaction, the founding of Kurdistan regional government, the 1993 year of stable situation, the Kurdish internal conflict, the 1996 year of turmoil and the regional and internal worry for the Kurdish internal conflict. For that reason, this article attempts to answer some questions such as how did the Kurdish issue appear within the context of political developments in Iraq? How did the Kurdish political parties’ efforts to take opportunities from the development circumstance of Iraq? How did the US view the Kurdish issue at that time? What kind of conditions did encourage the US to shift its policy towards the Kurds in Iraq? Hence this study aims to show the US policy in Iraq and how the Kurdish issue has been shaped within it.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• The Kurdish problem
• Kurdish leaders
• Kurdish political parties
• Kurdish internal dilemmas
• Kurdish civil conflict
• Iraqi governments
• US
• Turkey
• Iran
• France
• Britain and other states

The United States Reaction to the Iraqi Kurdish Issue 1990-1996

Öz

Körfez Savaşı'nda Irak Baas rejimine karşı zafer kazanan Amerikan koalisyonu, 1991'de savaşın sona ermesiyle birlikte Irak Kürdistanı halkı sorunuyla derinden iç içe geçmiş bir şekilde kuruldu. ABD'nin 1991'de Irak'taki Kürt sorununa ve sonrasındaki olaylara verdiği ikilemli tepkiyi anlamak için, Kürt örgütsel ve siyasi gelişiminin arka planını, 1991 öncesi ve sonrasındaki Kürt siyasi olaylarını incelemek önemlidir. Bu makalede araştırmacı, mücadelenin ana hatlarını ve tarihsel anlatımını, barışçıl girişimleri, Kürt zorluklarındaki yerel ve küresel rolü ve CIA destekli operasyonun başarısızlığına yol açan olayları ve bunların ardından gelen olayları geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bu taraflarla ilgili olarak açıkça ortaya konmamış ayrıntıların değerli bir açıklamasını sunmaktadır. 1980'lerdeki Kürt siyasi durumu ile ABD'nin Kürt sorununa yönelik politikası, Irak hükümetinin Kuveyt'i işgali ve Kürt ayaklanması, Kürt sorununa birleşik yanıt, Rahatlık Sağlama Harekatı ve Irak tepkisi, Kürdistan bölgesel hükümetinin kurulması, 1993 yılı istikrarlı durum, Kürt iç çatışması, 1996 yılı kargaşası ve Kürt iç çatışmasına ilişkin bölgesel ve iç endişe arasındaki ilişkiye kesin olarak odaklanılmıştır. Bu nedenle, bu makale şu gibi bazı sorulara cevap vermeye çalışmaktadır: Kürt sorunu Irak'taki gelişmeler bağlamında nasıl ortaya çıktı? Kürt siyasi partileri Irak'ın gelişme koşullarından fırsat yakalama çabaları nasıl oldu? ABD o dönemde Kürt sorununa nasıl baktı? ABD'yi Irak'taki Kürtlere yönelik politikasını bozmaya teşvik eden koşullar ne tür koşullardı? Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, ABD'nin Irak'taki politikasını ve Kürt sorununun bu politika içinde nasıl şekillendiğini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kürt sorunu
• Kürt liderleri
• Kürt siyasi partileri
• Kürt iç zorlukları
• Kürt iç savaşı
• Irak hükümetleri
• ABD
• Türkiye
• İran
• Fransa
• İngiliz ve diğer devletler

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