Edible Insects with in Scope of Sustainable Nutrition

Öz

It is predicted that the world population will exceed 9 billion in the following years. It is thought that people will have great problems in reaching sufficient animal product resources due to the increasing population, growing urbanization rate, economic reasons, and some environmental factors. For this reason, traditional protein sources will be insufficient and edible insects will have to be taken into account as alternative protein sources. Many insect species are edible today, including ants, grasshoppers, bees, wasps, crickets and more. It is known that more than 1,900 insect species are edible in the world; these insect species are used as human food, and approximately 2 billion people worldwide consume insects. When plant and animal proteins and insect proteins are compared, edible insects are valuable sources in terms of essential amino acid profile, total protein level, and other nutritional values. In addition, the obtained bioactive substances can be used in the promotion of health and the prevention of diseases. There are studies on edible insects in the field of food in the literature and they are increasing day by day. In this review, information about the edible insects cricket (Acheta domesticus), mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), grasshopper (Locusta migratoria) and silk worm (Bombyx mori) aimed at providing information transfer and their use in food.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alternative food
• entomophagy
• food use
• edible insect.

Sürdürülebilir Beslenme Kapsamında Yenilebilir Böcekler

Öz

İlerleyen yıllarda dünya nüfusunun 9 milyarı geçeceği öngörülmektedir. Artan nüfus, şehirleşme oranının büyümesi, ekonomik nedenler ve bazı çevresel faktörler nedeniyle, insanların yeterli miktarda hayvansal ürün kaynaklarına ulaşmada büyük sorunlar yaşayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu sebeple geleneksel protein kaynakları yetersiz kalacak olup, yenilebilir böceklerin alternatif protein kaynakları olarak hesaba katılması gerekecektir. Günümüzde karıncalar, çekirgeler, arılar, eşek arısı, cırcır böcekleri ve daha nicesinin dahil olduğu birçok böcek türü yenilebilmektedir. Dünyada yaklaşık olarak 1.900’den fazla böcek türünün yenilebilir olduğu, bu böcek türlerinin insan gıdası olarak kullanıldığı ve dünya çapında yaklaşık 2 milyar insanın böcek tükettiği bilinmektedir. Bitkisel ve hayvansal proteinler ile böcek proteinleri karşılaştırıldığında esansiyel aminoasit profili, toplam protein seviyesi ve diğer besin değerleri bakımından yenilebilir böcekler değerli kaynaklardır. Ayrıca elde edilen biyoaktif maddeler sağlığın geliştirilmesi ve hastalıkların önlenmesinde kullanılabilmektedir. Literatürde gıda alanında yenilebilir böcekler ile ilgili çalışmalar mevcuttur ve her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, yenilebilir böceklerden olan kriket böceği (Acheta domesticus), un kurdu (Tenebrio molitor), siyah asker sineği (Hermetia illucens), çekirge (Locusta migratoria) ve ipek böceği (Bombyx mori) ile ilgili bilgi verilmesi ve gıda alanında kullanımı hakkında bilgi aktarımının sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alternatif gıda
• entomofaji
• gıda kullanımı
• yenilebilir böcekler

Kaynakça

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