Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması

Öz

Türkiye’de üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerine olağan gelişim gösteren akranlarıyla aynı eğitim ortamlarında devam etmektedir. Bununla birlikte öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu destek eğitim hizmetlerinden de yararlanmaktadır. Öğrenciler için destek eğitim veren kurum ise Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı olarak hizmetlerini sürdüren Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleridir. Bu araştırmada üstün yetenekli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerine yönelik tutumlarının ölçülmesini hedefleyen bir ölçme aracı geliştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla geliştirilen ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirliğini test etmek için 208 ebeveyne uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapı geçerliğini ortaya koymak amacıyla Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, geliştirilen ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• üstün yetenekliler
• bilim ve sanat merkezleri
• ebeveyn
• tutum
• ölçek geliştirme

A Study On Developing Attitude Scale Towards Science And Art Centers

Öz

The concepts of intelligence, talent, genius and superior ability, which attract the attention from past to present, are still discussed by researchers. Since the concept of superior or special ability is a complex and multifaceted subject, there are many different definitions of the concept of ‘gifted child’. While the definitions were based solely on the level of intelligence in the past, the definitions based on multiple competence and performance are widely accepted today. In our country, in the Report of the Special Education Council of the Ministry of National Education (1991), the Commission of Gifted Children and Education, the concepts of “superior intelligence” and “superior special ability” were gathered under the title of “superior ability” and were defined as follows: “people with superior ability are those who are determined by the experts to have performed at a higher level compared to their peers in terms of their general and/or special abilities” (MNE, 1991). The education of these children, who have a special place both in Turkey and abroad, is exclusively resourced. In the Regulation on Special Education Services (2006), it is clearly stated that it is essential to develop the talents of the gifted individuals at the highest level and that special education centers must be opened by the government for this purpose. The unit that has been providing service for the gifted children since 1995 as the special education centers reporting to the General Directorate of Special Education and Guidance Services in Turkey is the Science and Art Centers (BILSEM). Since 1995, there has not been any attitude scale developed in the literature for the parents of the gifted children who attend BILSEM, which provides education for gifted children. In this study, a scale was developed in order to measure the attitudes of the parents of gifted children, who attend BILSEM, towards BILSEM. In this study, a scale was developed in order to measure the attitudes of the parents of gifted children, who attend BILSEM, towards BILSEM. A systematic process was applied in the development of the scale. A substance pool was then created and a draft scale was developed. The draft scale consists of 31 items. Scale items were rated as 5-point Likert type. The developed draft scale was applied to 208 parents. After the application, the reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed. The explanatory factor analysis was used in order to test the construct validity of the scale, the total item correlation analysis was used in order to provide evidence for item validity, the Kaiser-Meyer Olkin coefficient and Barlett Sphericity test were used in order to determine the suitability of the data to the principal components analysis, and the confirmatory factor analysis was used in cross validation context in order to prove that the scale can provide the same structure in similar groups. In this study, a 5-point Likert-type scale with 31 items was developed to measure the attitudes of the families of gifted children towards the Science and Art Centers. In general, a validated and verified scale, which was rated as the single-factor 31-item 5-point Likert type, with 10 negative items and 21 positive items was developed to measure the attitudes towards science and art centers. Parents who display negative attitudes can be identified and various studies can be conducted for turning the attitude into a positive one. With such a scale, it is possible to identify the attitudes of the parents of the gifted students towards the issues related to BILSEM, and to change their negative attitudes, and to work on improving their positive attitudes. The findings related to the validity and reliability of this scale show that it can be used to identify the attitudes of the parents of the gifted students towards BILSEM.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• gifted students
• science and art
• attitude

Kaynakça

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