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Öz

Buddhism is a religion that was founded in the VI. century by Goutama Buddha. The main goal of the Goutama’s doctrine is the release of human beings from the pains and sufferings of life and the reaching of nirvana. While other religions claim that salvation is only possible by obedience to and worship of God, Buddha did not place any god in his system. Therefore Buddhism is considered by some researchers as an atheistic religion. However Buddhism doesn’t contain all the intellectual arguments typical of atheism. Although it did not have a god idea, at least in the period of its establishment, some schools of Buddhism have deified Buddha and a lot of other beings. Also Buddhism accepts a number of superhuman stages of existence as in theistic religions. Therefore while the Theravada school has atheistic features, the Mahayana sect has a polytheistic conception of God

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atheism, Polytheism, Nirvana, Theravada, Mahayana

BUDDİZM’DE TANRI ANLAYIŞI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Budizm VI. yüzyılda Goutama Budda tarafından kurulmuş bir dindir. Goutama’nın öğretisinin temel hedefi, insanın içinde bulunduğu acı ve ızdıraplardan kurtulup nirvanaya ulaşmasıdır. Diğer dinler kurtuluşun ancak Tanrı’ya ibadet ve taatle mümkün olabileceğini iddia ederken Budda, sisteminde herhangi bir tanrıya yer vermemiştir. Bu yapısı nedeniyle Budizm, kimi araştırmacılara göre ateist bir din olarak kabul edilir. Ancak Budizm’in ateizm olarak adlandırılan düşüncenin tüm argümanlarını bünyesinde barındırdığı söylenemez. Zira her ne kadar kuruluş döneminde bir tanrı düşüncesine sahip değilse de Budizm’in bazı ekolleri sonradan başta Budda olmak üzere pek çok varlığı tanrılaştırmıştır. Ayrıca o, tıpkı teistik dinlerde olduğu gibi insanüstü bir takım var oluş aşamalarının olduğunu kabul eder. Bu bakımdan tanrı anlayışı ile ilgili olarak Budizm’in Teravada mezhebi ateistik özellikler taşırken Mahayana politeist bir yapıya sahiptir denebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ateizm, Politeizm, Nirvana, Theravada, Mahayana

Kaynakça

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