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Ancient Tomb Frescoes in Thrace and Macedonia

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9, 169 - 195, 29.06.2021

Öz

In particular over the past 50 years, the tumulus-type tombs unearthed in ancient Thrace and Macedonia have generated interest in frescoes in terms of understanding the art of antiquity. As a result of the study of the tomb paintings in the two neighbouring regions, with the aim of understanding in terms of painting techniques and iconographic features, both the similarities and differences in these regions and between each other. Furthermore; inferences are drawn the tomb finds and written sources relating to the sociocultural structure of the communities. Frescoes within the scope of this work are divided into two main groups according to whether they are figural or not. It is understood that the tombs in both regions, containing figures or not, have similar design schemes consisting of horizontal bands on top of each other. In the tombs in Thrace, dating from the middle of the first half of the Vth century B.C. to the middle of the Ist century A.D.; hunting scenes, the funeral dinner, funeral games, crowning, war dance and fighting scenes were depicted. In the Macedonian graves, the earliest of which is dated to around 340 B.C., the latest to the middle of the IInd century B.C.; the subjects depicted were of hunting, funeral games, crowning, trophe, the kidnapping of Persephone, judgement (transition to the afterlife), philosophers’ meeting and royal symposia. The burial frescoes, which are concentrated in the second half of the IVth century B.C. and the IIIrd century B.C. in both regions, are important for depicting new subjects developed in the Hellenistic Period and they include the earliest examples of some techniques that are employed in modern painting.

Kaynakça

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  • Bernabé A. 2007, “The Derveni Theogony: Many Questions and Some Answers”. Harvard Studies in Clas¬sical Philology 103, 99-133.
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Trakya ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9, 169 - 195, 29.06.2021

Öz

Özellikle son 50 yılda antik Trakya ve Makedonya böl¬gele¬rinde açığa çıkarılan tümülüs tipi mezarlar, antikçağ resim sanatının daha iyi anlaşılması açısından fresklere olan merakı tetiklemiştir. Bu iki bölgede bulunan mezar fresklerini kapsayan çalışma sonucunda, re¬sim tekniği ve ikonografik özellikleri açısından bölgelerin kendi içinde ve birbirleriyle olan benzerliklerinin ve farklılıklarının anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, mezarlardaki buluntulardan ve yazılı kaynaklardan da faydalanılarak toplulukların sosyokültürel yapısına ilişkin çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında freskler, figür içerip içermediklerine göre iki ana gruba ayrılmıştır. Her iki bölgedeki resimlerin de hem figür içerenlerinin hem de içermeyenlerinin benzer tasarım şemalarına sahip oldukları ve üst üste yatay bant sıralarından oluştukları anlaşılmıştır. MÖ V. yüzyılın ilk yarısı ile MS I. yüzyılın ortasına tarihlendirilen Trakya’daki mezarlarda; av sahneleri, cenaze yemeği, cenaze oyunları, askeri müzakere, taçlandırma, savaş dansı ve mücadele sah¬neleri işlenmiştir. En erkeni MÖ 340 civarına ve en geç olanı MÖ II. yüzyıl ortalarına tarihlendirilen Makedonya’daki mezarlarda ise avlar, cenaze oyunları, taçlandırma, trophe, Persephone’nin kaçırılması, yargılama (öbür dünyaya geçiş), filozoflar toplantısı ve kralî sympo¬sion işlenmiştir. Her iki bölgede de MÖ IV. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ile MÖ III. yüzyılda yoğunlaşan mezar freskleri, Hellenistik Dönem’le birlikte geliştirilen yeni konuların tasvir edilmesi ve modern resim sanatındaki bazı tekniklerin en erken örneklerini içermesi açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Kaynakça

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  • Arrington N. 2018, “Touch and Remembrance in Greek Funerary Art”. The Art Bulletin 100/3, 7-27.
  • Avramova M. 2015, “Image of Horseman in Battle on Work of Thracian Art”. Chronika V, 66-77.
  • Bartsiokas A. 2000, “The Eye Injury of King Philip II and the Skeletal Edidence from the Royal Tomb II at Vergina”. Science 288/5465, 511-514.
  • Bernabé A. 2007, “The Derveni Theogony: Many Questions and Some Answers”. Harvard Studies in Clas¬sical Philology 103, 99-133.
  • Barnett R. D. 1976, Sculptures from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (668-627 BC). London.
  • Betegh G. 2004, The Derveni Papyrus. Cosmology, Theology and Interpretation. Cambridge.
  • Bingöl O. 2015, Arkeolojik Mimaride Resim (MÖ 30.000 - 500). Ankara.
  • Bloedow E. F. 1999, “On Hunting Lions in Bronze Age Greece”. Eds. P. P. Betancourt et al., Aegaeum 20: Annales D'Archéologie Êgéenne de L'Université de Liège et UT-PASP, vol. 1. Austin, 53-61.
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  • Brécoulaki H. 2006, La Peinture Funeraire de Macedoine: Emplois et Fonctions de la Couleur IVe-IIe s. av. J.-C. 2 vols. Paris.
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  • Cohen A. 2010, Art in the Era of Alexander the Great: Paradigms of Manhood and Their Cultural Traditi¬ons. Cambridge.
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  • Davies G. 2018, Gender and Body Lenguage in Roman Art. Cambridge.
  • Dentzer J-M. 1982, Le Motif du Banquet Couche dans le Porche-Orient et le Monde Grec du VIIe au IVe siecle avant J.-C. Paris.
  • Dimitrova D. 2015, The Tomb of King Seuthes III in Golyama Kosmatka Tumulus-Stages of Construc¬tion and Use”. ISTROS 21, 199-234.
  • Doğan N. 2006, İkiztepe İlk Tunç Çağı Mezarlık Buluntularının Sosyokültürel Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi. İstanbul.
  • Drougou S. & Saatsoglou-Paliadeli C. 2005, Vergina: The Land and its History. Athens.
  • Eliade M. 2006, Zalmoksis’ten Cengiz Han’a: Daçya ve Doğu Avrupa Folkloru ve Dini Üzerine Karşılaştır¬malı Bir İnceleme. Çev. A. Berktay, İstanbul.
  • Errington R. M. 2006, “Macedonia, Macedones”. Eds. H. Cancik & H. Schneider, Brill’s New Pauly: Encyc¬lopedia of the Ancient World, vol. 8. Leiden, 57-70.
  • Erzen A. 1994, İlkçağ Tarihinde Trakya. İstanbul.
  • Fol A. 2010, Thracian Culture: Told and Untold. Sofia.
  • Fol A. & Totya I. & Chichikova M. 1986, The Thracian Tomb Near the Village of Sveshtari. Sofia.
  • Fol A. & Fol V. 1986, The Thracians. Sofia.
  • Fox R. J. L. 2011 (ed.), “Introduction: Dating The Royal Tombs At Vergina”. Brill’s Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC - 300 AD. Leiden, 1-34.
  • Franks H. M. 2012, Hunters, Heroes, Kings: The Frieze of Tomb II at Vergina. Princeton.
  • Guirdzhiiska D., Zlateva B. & Glavcheva Z. 2017, “Polished Decorative Fields in Thracian Fresco Tombs from the Hellenistic Period Archaeometrical Research”. STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research III/2, 428-436.
  • Gündoğan Ş. 1985, “Çatalhöyük Kült Odalarında Duvar Resimleri”. Turizm Yıllığı. Ankara, 219-240.
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Toplam 100 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Engin Kekeç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 9

Kaynak Göster

APA Kekeç, E. (2021). Trakya ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri. Cedrus, 9, 169-195.
AMA Kekeç E. Trakya ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri. Cedrus. Haziran 2021;9:169-195.
Chicago Kekeç, Engin. “Trakya Ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri”. Cedrus 9, Haziran (Haziran 2021): 169-95.
EndNote Kekeç E (01 Haziran 2021) Trakya ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri. Cedrus 9 169–195.
IEEE E. Kekeç, “Trakya ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri”, Cedrus, c. 9, ss. 169–195, 2021.
ISNAD Kekeç, Engin. “Trakya Ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri”. Cedrus 9 (Haziran 2021), 169-195.
JAMA Kekeç E. Trakya ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri. Cedrus. 2021;9:169–195.
MLA Kekeç, Engin. “Trakya Ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri”. Cedrus, c. 9, 2021, ss. 169-95.
Vancouver Kekeç E. Trakya ve Makedonya’da Antikçağ Mezar Freskleri. Cedrus. 2021;9:169-95.

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