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INVESTIGATION OF THE LEVELS OF EXPOSURE TO BULLYING OF PRE-ADOLESCENT CHILDREN

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 35 - 53, 30.06.2024

Öz

Peer bullying is aggressive behavior that occurs repetitively among peers and involves an imbalance of power in social groups, especially during adolescence. The prevalence of peer bullying can have lasting effects that affect children into adulthood. Individual, family, and school-related risk factors are effective in children's exposure to bullying. Addressing bullying experiences is crucial to effective intervention strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the factors that explain the level of bullying exposure in pre-adolescent children. The research was planned according to the survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, and simple random sampling was used among the sampling methods. The research was conducted in the spring semester of the 2022-2023 academic year with 549 children who were in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades and agreed to participate in the study. “Demographic Information Form” and “Child-Adolescent Bullying Scale-9 Short Form” were used to collect data. Since the data showed normal distribution, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc t-test, and Tukey HSD were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the research, a significant difference was found between the level of children's exposure to bullying and their gender, academic success, and relationship status with mother, father, teacher, and classmates.

Kaynakça

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ÖN ERGENLİK DÖNEMİNDEKİ ÇOCUKLARIN ZORBALIĞA MARUZ KALMA DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 35 - 53, 30.06.2024

Öz

Akran zorbalığı, özellikle ergenlik çağındaki sosyal gruplarda güç dengesizliğini içeren akranlar arasında tekrarlayıcı biçimde meydana gelen saldırgan davranışlardır. Akran zorbalığının yaygınlığı, çocukları yetişkinliğe kadar etkileyen kalıcı etkilere sahip olabilmektedir. Çocukların zorbalığa maruz kalmasında bireysel, ailesel ve okula ilişkin risk faktörleri etkili olmaktadır. Zorbalık deneyimlerini ele almak, etkili müdahale stratejileri için çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada ön ergenlik dönemindeki çocukların zorbalığa maruz kalma düzeylerini açıklayan faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeline göre planlanmış olup örnekleme yöntemlerinden basit seçkisiz örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde 6., 7. ve 8. sınıfa giden ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 549 çocuk ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplamak için “Demografik Bilgi Formu” ve “Çocuk-Ergen Zorbalık Ölçeği-9 Kısa Form” kullanılmıştır. Veriler normal dağılım gösterdiği için verilerin analizinde tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), post-hoc t-testi ve Tukey HSD kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre çocukların zorbalığa maruz kalma düzeyleri ile cinsiyet, akademik başarı durumu, anne, baba, öğretmen ve sınıf arkadaşları ile olan ilişki durumu arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur.

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  • Mokaya, A., Kikuvi, G., Khasakhala, L., ve Memiah, P. (2023). Factors associated with bullying victimization among adolescents joining public secondary schools in Nairobi county Kenya: a cross-sectional study. African Journal of Health Sciences, 35(6), 672-685. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajhs.v35i6.2
  • Muzaffar, H. (2022). Pandemic silver lining: how the covid-19 pandemic helped women to beat the “gender stereotypes pandemic” in entrepreneurship. Gender in Management an International Journal, 38(1), 76-92. https://doi.org/10.1108/gm-10-2021-0316
  • Neupane, T., Pandey, A., Bista, B., ve Chalise, B. (2020). Correlates of bullying victimization among school adolescents in nepal: findings from 2015 global school-based student health survey Nepal. Plos One, 15(8), e0237406. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237406
  • Nikolaou, D. (2021). Identifying the effects of bullying victimization on schooling. Contemporary Economic Policy, 40(1), 162-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12554
  • Nurhayati, R., Dwiningrum, S., ve Efianingrum, A. (2021). School policy innovation to reduce bullying effect. Al-Ishlah Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(3), 2675-2688. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i3.1235
  • Obregón-Cuesta, A., Mínguez-Mínguez, L., Barco, B., Mendo-Lázaro, S., Fernández-Solana, J., González-Bernal, J., … ve González-Santos, J. (2022). Bullying in adolescents: differences between gender and school year and relationship with academic performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159301
  • Olsson, G., Låftman, S., ve Modin, B. (2017). School collective efficacy and bullying behaviour: a multilevel study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(12), 1607. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121607
  • Oluwamumibori, V., Adetunde, C., Ola, G., Imhonopi, D., Egharevba, M., Jegede, A., … ve Ajayi, M. (2022). Bullying and academic performance: a study of selected secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 13(5), 66. https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0039
  • Park, J., Lee, H., Choi, B., Kim, J., Yoon, J., Yi, H., … ve Kim, S. (2022). Adolescent bullying victimization at secondary school and adult suicidality and depressive symptoms among 2152 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 34(4), 338-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395211073283
  • Pazhouhi, S. (2023). Online and offline bullying/harassment and perceived racial/ethnic discrimination among Iranian adolescents. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 38(4), 333-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/08295735231188008
  • Peng, B., Garandeau, C., Li, T., Ji, L., Salmivalli, C., ve Zhang, W. (2023). The dynamic associations between social dominance goals and bullying from middle to late childhood: the moderating role of classroom bystander behaviors. Journal of Educational Psychology, 115(2), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000776
  • Pepler, D., Jiang, D., Craig, W., ve Connolly, J. (2008). Developmental trajectories of bullying and associated factors. Child Development, 79(2), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01128.x
  • Prino, L., Longobardi, C., Fabris, M., Parada, R., ve Settanni, M. (2019). Effects of bullying victimization on internalizing and externalizing symptoms: the mediating role of alexithymia. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(9), 2586-2593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01484-8
  • Rijlaarsdam, J., Cecil, C., Buil, J., Lier, P., ve Barker, E. (2021). Exposure to bullying and general psychopathology: a prospective, longitudinal study. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(6), 727-736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00760-2
  • Roberts, K., Smith, C., Cluver, L., Toska, E., Jochim, J., Wittesaele, C., … ve Sherr, L. (2022). Adolescent mothers and their children affected by hiv—an exploration of maternal mental health, and child cognitive development. Plos One, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275805
  • Rupp, K. ve McCoy, S. (2019). Bullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents with overweight and obesity in a nationally representative sample. Childhood Obesity, 15(5), 323-330. https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2018.0233
  • Sabry, S., Ibraheim, S., ve Afify, H. (2021). Effect of nursing intervention for hearing impairment adolescent students regarding bullying. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 12(2), 1102-1125. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2021.176799
  • Schroeder, K., Bámaca-Colbert, M., ve Robins, R. (2019). Becoming more egalitarian: a longitudinal examination of mexican-origin adolescents’ gender role attitudes. Developmental Psychology, 55(11), 2311-2323. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000811
  • Shahrour, G., Dardas, L., Al-Khayat, A., & Al-Qasem, A. (2020). Prevalence, correlates, and experiences of school bullying among adolescents: a national study in Jordan. School Psychology International, 41(5), 430-453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034320943923
  • Spriggs, A., Iannotti, R., Nansel, T., ve Haynie, D. (2007). Adolescent bullying involvement and perceived family, peer and school relations: commonalities and differences across race/ethnicity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(3), 283-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.04.009
  • Steenkamp, L., Tiemeier, H., Hillegers, M., Kushner, S., ve Blanken, L. (2021). Peer‐reported bullying, rejection and hallucinatory experiences in childhood. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 143(6), 503-512. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13282
  • Stives, K., May, D., Mack, M., ve Bethel, C. (2021). Understanding responses to bullying from the parent perspective. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.642367
  • Stives, K., May, D., Pilkinton, M., Bethel, C., ve Eakin, D. (2018). Strategies to combat bullying: parental responses to bullies, bystanders, and victims. Youth & Society, 51(3), 358-376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118x18756491
  • Şahin, S. ve Ayaz-Alkaya, S. (2023). Peer bullying and motivational interviewing in adolescents. Journal of Gazi University Health Sciences Institute, 5(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.59124/guhes.1232224
  • Şahin, N. ve Kırlı, U. (2020). The relationship between peer bullying and anxiety-depression levels in children with obesity. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 22(2), 94. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.133514
  • Talu, E. ve Gümüş, G. (2022). Exami̇ni̇ng the prevalence of peer bullyi̇ng among adolescents i̇n turkey: a meta-analysi̇s study. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 12(3), 1673-1682. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1030602
  • Taneri, P., Özbek, Ö., ve Akduman, N. (2021). In-service teacher training program development study to prevent peer bullying. Uluslararası Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 147-166. https://doi.org/10.31704/ijocis.2021.008
  • Tözün, M. ve Bababoğlu, A. (2018). Cyber bullying and its effects on the adolescent and youth health: a huge problem behind tiny keys. The Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.4328/jcam.5426
  • Ulfah, M. ve Gustina, E. (2020). Bullying behavior among students. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (Ijere), 9(3), 644. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20437
  • Ullrich, R., Becker, M., ve Scharf, J. (2022). The development of gender role attitudes during adolescence: effects of sex, socioeconomic background, and cognitive abilities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 51(11), 2114-2129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01651-z
  • Unnever, J. (2005). Bullies, aggressive victims, and victims: are they distinct groups? Aggressive Behavior, 31(2), 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20083
  • Utami, D., Wati, N., ve Nurjanah, N. (2019). The effect of assertive training towards self-assertiveness among female adolescent of bullying in junior high school. Kne Life Sciences, 716-725. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i13.5329
  • Vazsonyi, A., Jiskrova, G., Özdemir, Y., ve Bell, M. (2017). Bullying and cyberbullying in turkish adolescents: direct and indirect effects of parenting processes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(8), 1153-1171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116687853
  • Vessey, J. A., Strout, T. D., Difazio, R. L., ve Ludlow, L. H. (2019). Identifying bullied youth: Reengineering the Child-Adolescent Bullying Scale into a brief screen. Journal of Applied Measurement, 20(4), 367-383.
  • Vitoroulis, I. ve Vaillancourt, T. (2015). Meta‐analytic results of ethnic group differences in peer victimization. Aggressive Behavior, 41(2), 149-170. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21564
  • Qian, L., Pan, H., Huang, Y., ve Pei, Y. (2020). Left-behind status and bullying in chinese rural children: the roles of parental supervision and support and friends in puppy love. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(5-6), 2729-2750. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520936368
  • Wachs, S., Görzig, A., Wright, M., Schubarth, W., ve Bilz, L. (2020). Associations among adolescents’ relationships with parents, peers, and teachers, self-efficacy, and willingness to intervene in bullying: a social cognitive approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020420
  • Wade, C., Almendingen, A., ve Robinson, E. (2022). How parenting pre‐teens compares to other child stages: identifying opportunities to enhance adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Children & Society, 36(6), 1296-1318. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12577
  • Wang, C., Swearer, S., Collins, A., ve Berry, B. (2015). Teachers matter: an examination of student-teacher relationships, attitudes toward bullying, and bullying behavior. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 31(3), 219-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377903.2015.1056923
  • Widiharto, C., Kusdaryani, W., Fitriana, S., ve Prasetyo, A. (2022). Academic resilience of students who are bullied. Kne Social Sciences. 289-298. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i19.12449
  • Wiertsema, M., Vrijen, C., Ploeg, R., Sentse, M., ve Kretschmer, T. (2022). Bullying perpetration and social status in the peer group: a meta‐analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 95(1), 34-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/jad.12109
  • Wu, X., Shen, L., Tan, R., ve Zhou, X. (2022). Patterns of elementary school students’ bullying victimization: roles of family and individual factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(3-4), 2410-2431. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221101190
  • Xie, M., Nuttall, A., Johnson, D., ve Qin, D. (2021). Longitudinal associations between mother–child and father–child closeness and conflict from middle childhood to adolescence. Family Relations, 70(3), 866-879. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12531
  • Xiong, Q., Shuping, S., Chen, J., Hu, Y., Zheng, X., Li, C., … ve Yu, Q. (2020). Examining the link between academic achievement and adolescent bullying: a moderated moderating. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13, 919-928. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s278453
  • Yang, C. (2024). Influences of prepandemic bullying victimization and covid-19 peer discrimination on chinese american adolescents’ mental health during the covid-19 pandemic. School Psychology, 39(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000554
  • Ye, Z., Wu, D., He, X., Ma, Q., Peng, J., Mao, G., … ve Tong, Y. (2023). Meta-analysis of the relationship between bullying and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 215. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2214350/v1
  • Yourell, J. ve Doty, J. (2021). Associations between weight‐based bullying, developmental internal assets, and perceived social support among youth. Journal of School Health, 92(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13101 Yuan, W. (2024). The coevolution of bullying and friendship networks. Aggressive Behavior, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.22127
  • Zhao, M., Hong, X., Chen, Y., Jiao, L., Shao, Q., Fan, H., … ve Zhang, L. (2023). Parenting style, peer groups, and pro-bullying behavior of junior high school students. Youth & Society, 56(2), 411-424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118x231176581f
Toplam 115 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal ve Kişilik Psikolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hilal Mercan Akçay 0000-0002-4202-3230

Haktan Demircioğlu 0000-0002-5092-1698

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 3 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Mercan Akçay, H., & Demircioğlu, H. (2024). ÖN ERGENLİK DÖNEMİNDEKİ ÇOCUKLARIN ZORBALIĞA MARUZ KALMA DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Current Research and Reviews in Psychology and Psychiatry, 4(1), 35-53.