İzcilik Etkinliklerinin Değerler Eğitimine Katkısı Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Introduction and Theoretical Framework: Scouting is an international educational movement founded by Baden-Powell in the early 20th century in England, which rapidly expanded to include millions of young people worldwide. Built upon the principles of discipline, love of nature, community service, and solidarity, this movement aims to nurture individuals who are mentally, emotionally, and socially equipped as responsible citizens. In contemporary educational systems, the “learning by doing” methodology of scouting plays a central role in fostering “core values” such as justice, honesty, love, and responsibility, as identified by the Ministry of National Education (MEB). While the literature contains many qualitative and observational studies on the positive effects of scouting on self-confidence, social skills, and moral development, the lack of an original measurement tool to scientifically, objectively, and reliably evaluate this contribution formed the primary motivation for this research. Purpose and Significance of the Research: The main objective of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the contributions of scouting activities to the values education of individuals. Existing literature has frequently emphasized the impact of scouting on character development; for instance, Dam (2020) qualitatively identified scouting's contribution to moral and character development, while WOSM (2019) revealed that scouts exhibit higher levels of responsible citizenship compared to non scouts. However, the development of a psychometric tool specifically focusing on scouting pedagogy will both fill a gap in the academic literature and enable educational policies to be based on scientific data. Methodology and Scale: Development Process The research is a systematic scale development study based on a quantitative research approach. The process began with an extensive literature review, resulting in the creation of a draft item pool consisting of 48 items. The items were developed based on themes such as “sense of responsibility”, “environmental sensitivity”, and “team cooperation” derived from focus group interviews with 4 religious education experts and 4 scout leaders. To ensure content and face validity, the opinions of 8 experts were sought, and the Lawshe Technique was applied, resulting in a CVR value of .78; at this stage, items with low clarity were eliminated. The study group consisted of a total of 336 scouts (72 for the pilot and 264 for the main application) aged between 10 and 18, selected via convenience sampling from 9 different provinces in Turkey. Findings and Analyses: Following the pilot application and item-total correlation analyses, items with low discriminative power were excluded to structure the scale. As a result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), a 23-item structure with 6 sub-dimensions was obtained, having eigenvalues greater than 1 and explaining 71.5% of the total variance. These sub-dimensions were named “Self and Society Awareness”, “Social Responsibility and Nature Sensitivity”, “Individual Development and Life Skills”, “Personal Interest, Skill and Self- Confidence” , “Moral-Traditional Values” , and “Rules and Problem Solving”. The construct validity of the scale was also tested through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), which showed that fit indices such as GFI (0.97), CFI (0.93), and TLI (0.91) were within acceptable limits. The overall reliability coefficient, Cronbach’s Alpha, was found to be .882, proving that the tool possesses high internal consistency. Conclusion and Recommendations: As a result of the research, the Scouting Activities' Contribution to Values Education Scale (SACVES) has been introduced to the literature as a valid and reliable tool for measuring the impact of scouting on individual and social value acquisition. The findings from the scale confirm that scouting fosters not only social but also cognitive and managerial values. In future studies, it is recommended to apply this scale to different sample groups and compare it with data obtained from scout leaders and families. This scientific tool provides a strategic data source for program development processes within non- governmental organizations and educational institutions. Considering the limitations of the period in which it was implemented (2024-2025 academic year), it has been concluded that SACVES is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in research, program development, and practitioner evaluations in the field of values education.

Bu araştırmada, izcilik faaliyetlerinin değerler eğitimine katkısını ölçmek amacıyla “İzcilik Etkinliklerinin Değerler Eğitimine Katkısı Ölçeği” (İDEKÖ) geliştirilmiş ve ölçeğin geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme sürecinde literatür taraması, uzman görüşleri, pilot uygulama ve faktör analizleri kullanılmıştır. Türkiye’nin dokuz ilinden 336 izci araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Başlangıçta 48 maddeden oluşan madde havuzu, madde-toplam korelasyonları ve ayırt edicilik analizleri sonucunda 23 maddeye düşürülmüştür. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda ölçeğin altı faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu ve toplam varyansın %71,5’ini açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlığını gösteren Cronbach Alfa katsayısı .882 olarak hesaplanmış, bu değer ölçeğin yüksek derecede güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi bulguları model uyum düzeyinin kabul edilebilir olduğunu desteklemiştir. Literatürde izciliğin kişisel ve sosyal gelişim üzerindeki etkisine dair nitel çalışmalar bulunsa da bu katkıları nicel olarak ölçebilen bir ölçek bulunamamıştır. Bu açıdan bu çalışmanın bu eksikliği gidermesi düşünülmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, izcilik etkinliklerinin sorumluluk, iş birliği, çevre duyarlılığı ve etik davranış gibi temel değerlerin gelişimine anlamlı katkılarını ölçebilecek yapıda olduğunu göstermiştir. İDEKÖ’nün, uygulanan dönem (2024-2025 öğretim yılı) itibariyle ve sınırlıkları dikkate alınarak değerler eğitimi alanında araştırma, program geliştirme ve uygulayıcı değerlendirmelerinde kullanılabilir nitelikte geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.