Yapay Zekaya ve Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği: Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: 64, 1784 - 1799, 30.06.2025
Ali İhsan Benzer
,
Suat Ünal
,
Emine Kurnaz Yaşar
,
Nihan Kalyoncu Konuk
Öz
Son yıllarda yapay zeka teknolojilerinin hayatımızın her alanında daha fazla yer bulmasıyla birlikte, Türkiye de dahil olmak üzere birçok ülkede yapay zekaya yönelik dersler ortaokul ve lise müfredatlarına dahil edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Suh ve Ahn (2022) tarafından ortaokul ve lise öğrencileri için geliştirilen, orijinal adı “Yapay Zekaya Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” olan ölçme aracını Türkçeye uyarlamak ve ölçekle ilgili psikometrik değerleri ortaya koymaktır. Ölçeğe yönelik analizler için toplam 432 öğrenciden elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. SPSS ve AMOS paket programları kullanılarak veri analiz işlemleri yapılmıştır. Faktör analizleri sayesinde ölçeğin üç faktörlü modeli test edilmiş ve doğrulanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında madde-toplam korelasyonları, Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı ve %27`lik alt ve üst grup ortalama farkları incelenmiştir. Toplam 22 maddeden oluşan Türkçeye uyarlanmış ölçeğin tümü için güvenirlik katsayısı 0,91 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri sonucu elde edilen uyum indeks değerlerinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan analizler sonucu, ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlanan formunun yapay zekâya ve dersine yönelik tutumu ölçmek için uygun psikometrik özelliklerde, geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Etik Beyan
Çalışma için gerekli etik kurul izni Trabzon Üniversitesi`nden alınmıştır (17.05.2024 tarihli ve 2024-5/2.21 sayılı belge). Çalışma boyunca etik ve yasal standartlara sıkı sıkıya uyulmuştur. Ölçeği Türkçeye çevirmek, uyarlamak ve doğrulamak için orijinal yazardan (Suh & Ahn, 2022) e-posta yoluyla izin alınmıştır. Çalışmaya tüm katılımcılar gönüllülük esasına göre katılmıştır. Katılımcılara anketin uygulaması öncesinde, araştırmanın amacı ve doğası hakkında bilgilendirme yapılmıştır.
Kaynakça
-
Almufareh, M. F., Tehsin, S., Humayun, M., & Kausar, S. (2023). Intellectual disability and technology: An artificial intelligence perspective and framework. Journal of Disability Research, 2(4), 58-70. https://doi.org/10.57197/JDR-2023-0055
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Anadolu Ajansı (2024). YÖK Başkanı Özvar: Yapay zeka alanlarında yeni lisans ve ön lisans programları açıyoruz. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/egitim/yok-baskani-ozvar-yapay-zeka-alanlarinda-yeni-lisans-ve-on-lisans-programlari-aciyoruz/3203046#
-
Banaz, E., & Maden, S. (2024). Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının yapay zeka tutumlarının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 14(2), 1173-1180. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1430419
-
Bartneck, C., Lütge, C., Wagner, A., & Welsh, S. (2021). An introduction to ethics in robotics and AI. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51110-4
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Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246.
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Bizer, G., Barden, J, & Petty, R. E. (2003). Attitudes. In L. Nadel et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of cognitive science (Vol. 1, pp. 247-253). MacMillan.
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Brennan, R. (1972). A generalized upper-lower item discrimination index. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 32(2), 289-303. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447203200206
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Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi.
-
Chen, L., Bae, S. R., Battista, C., Qin, S., Chen, T., Tanya, M., Evans., & Menon, V. (2018). Positive attitude toward math supports early academic success: Behavioral evidence and neurocognitive mechanisms. Psychological Science, 29(3), 390-402 https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617735528
-
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264-75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
-
Coppin, B. (2004). Artificial intelligence illuminated. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
-
Coşkun, R., Altunışık, R., & Yıldırım, E. (2007). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya Yayıncılık.
-
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi Başkanlığı (2021). Ulusal yapay zeka stratejisi 2021-2025. https://cbddo.gov.tr/uyzs
-
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi Başkanlığı (2024). Ulusal yapay zeka stratejisi 2024-2025 eylem planı. https://cbddo.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/Genel/File/UlusalYapayZekaStratejisi2024-2025EylemPlani.pdf
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Çetindamar, D., Kitto, K., Wu, M., Zhang, Y., Abedin, B., & Knight, S. (2022). Explicating AI literacy of employees at digital workplaces. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 810-823. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3138503
-
Dunlap, D. D. (1990). Comparing attitudes towards technology of third and fourth grade students in Virginia relative to their exposure to technology. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/c4eff98b-487e-45ce-98e1-f08a90563a90/content
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Etezadi-Amoli, J., & Farhoomand, A. F. (1996). A structural model of end user computing satisfaction and user performance. Information & Management, 30(2), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(95)00052-6
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ETRI. (2019). Seven AI trends by 2020-beyond perception (ETRI Insight Report). https://ksp.etri.re.kr/ksp/plan-report/file/766.pdf
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Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1998). Adapting tests for use in multiple languages and cultures. Social Indicators Research, 45, 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006941729637
-
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
-
Jang, Y., Choi, S., & Kim, H. (2022). Development and validation of an instrument to measure undergraduate students’ attitudes toward the ethics of artificial intelligence (AT-EAI) and analysis of its difference by gender and experience of AI education. Education and Information Technologies, 27(8), 11635–11667. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10639-022-11086-5
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Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (31. Basım). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
-
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2. Ed.). Guilford Press.
-
Kum, Ö. (2023). Grafik tasarım bölümü öğrencilerinin yapay zekaya yönelik tutumları (Tokat İli Örneği). EKEV Akademi Dergisi, 96, 172-181. https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1381995
-
Liang, W. (2020, June). Development trend and thinking of artificial intelligence in education, 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), pp. 886-890, https://doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC48107.2020.9148078
-
Lukić, A., Kudelić, N., Antičević, V., Lazić-Mosler, E., Glunčić, V., Hren, D., & Lukić, I. K. (2023). First-year nursing students’ attitudes towards artificial intelligence: Cross-sectional multi-center study. Nurse Education in Practice, 71, 103735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103735
-
Mantello, P., Ho, M. T., Nguyen, M. H., & Vuong, Q. H. (2023). Machines that feel: Behavioral determinants of attitude towards affect recognition technology—Upgrading technology acceptance theory with the mindsponge model. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01837-1
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McIver, J. P., & Carmines, E. G. (1981). Unidimensional scaling. Sage.
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MEB (2023a). Ortaokullarda "yapay zeka uygulamaları" dersinin müfredatı hazırlandı. https://www.meb.gov.tr/ortaokullarda-yapay-zek-uygulamalari-dersinin-mufredati-hazirlandi/haber/31761/tr
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MEB (2023b). Yapay zeka uygulamaları dersi öğretim programı (I-II) (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 7 ve 8. sınıflar). https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/2023112493011132-23174117_yapayzekauygulamalaridersiogretimprogrami_3.23.pdf
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Attitude Scale Towards AI and AI Course: Adaptation to Turkish, Validity and Reliability Study
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: 64, 1784 - 1799, 30.06.2025
Ali İhsan Benzer
,
Suat Ünal
,
Emine Kurnaz Yaşar
,
Nihan Kalyoncu Konuk
Öz
In the last few years, with the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence technologies in all areas of our lives, many countries, including Turkiye, have begun to incorporate courses on artificial intelligence into middle and high school curricula. The purpose of this study is to adapt the measurement tool originally titled “Attitude Toward Artificial Intelligence Scale” developed by Suh and Ahn (2022), for Turkish students and to determine the scale's psychometric properties. Data obtained from a total of 432 students were processed for the scale`s validity and reliability analyses. The analyses were conducted using SPSS and AMOS software. As a result of factor analyses, the three-factor model of the scale was tested and validated. Within the scope of reliability and item analysis, item-total correlations, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and mean differences between the upper and lower 27% groups were examined. The reliability coefficient for the Turkish adaptation of the scale consisting of 22 items was calculated as 0.91. The fit indices calculated from the confirmatory factor analyses were found to be at an adequate level. As a result of the conducted analyses, it was found that the Turkish-adapted form of the scale possesses sufficient psychometric properties to validly and reliably measure attitudes toward artificial intelligence and the associated course.
Etik Beyan
Ethics approval for the study was obtained from Trabzon University’s Ethics Committee (Document No. 2024-5/2.21, dated 17 May 2024). All ethical and legal standards were strictly followed throughout the investigation. Permission to translate, adapt, and validate the scale into Turkish was secured via e-mail from the original authors (Suh & Ahn, 2022). Participation in the study was entirely voluntary. Before the questionnaire was administered, participants were informed about the purpose and nature of the research.
Kaynakça
-
Almufareh, M. F., Tehsin, S., Humayun, M., & Kausar, S. (2023). Intellectual disability and technology: An artificial intelligence perspective and framework. Journal of Disability Research, 2(4), 58-70. https://doi.org/10.57197/JDR-2023-0055
-
Anadolu Ajansı (2024). YÖK Başkanı Özvar: Yapay zeka alanlarında yeni lisans ve ön lisans programları açıyoruz. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/egitim/yok-baskani-ozvar-yapay-zeka-alanlarinda-yeni-lisans-ve-on-lisans-programlari-aciyoruz/3203046#
-
Banaz, E., & Maden, S. (2024). Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının yapay zeka tutumlarının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 14(2), 1173-1180. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1430419
-
Bartneck, C., Lütge, C., Wagner, A., & Welsh, S. (2021). An introduction to ethics in robotics and AI. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51110-4
-
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246.
-
Bizer, G., Barden, J, & Petty, R. E. (2003). Attitudes. In L. Nadel et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of cognitive science (Vol. 1, pp. 247-253). MacMillan.
-
Brennan, R. (1972). A generalized upper-lower item discrimination index. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 32(2), 289-303. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447203200206
-
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi.
-
Chen, L., Bae, S. R., Battista, C., Qin, S., Chen, T., Tanya, M., Evans., & Menon, V. (2018). Positive attitude toward math supports early academic success: Behavioral evidence and neurocognitive mechanisms. Psychological Science, 29(3), 390-402 https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617735528
-
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264-75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
-
Coppin, B. (2004). Artificial intelligence illuminated. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
-
Coşkun, R., Altunışık, R., & Yıldırım, E. (2007). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya Yayıncılık.
-
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi Başkanlığı (2021). Ulusal yapay zeka stratejisi 2021-2025. https://cbddo.gov.tr/uyzs
-
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi Başkanlığı (2024). Ulusal yapay zeka stratejisi 2024-2025 eylem planı. https://cbddo.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/Genel/File/UlusalYapayZekaStratejisi2024-2025EylemPlani.pdf
-
Çetindamar, D., Kitto, K., Wu, M., Zhang, Y., Abedin, B., & Knight, S. (2022). Explicating AI literacy of employees at digital workplaces. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 810-823. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3138503
-
Dunlap, D. D. (1990). Comparing attitudes towards technology of third and fourth grade students in Virginia relative to their exposure to technology. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/c4eff98b-487e-45ce-98e1-f08a90563a90/content
-
Etezadi-Amoli, J., & Farhoomand, A. F. (1996). A structural model of end user computing satisfaction and user performance. Information & Management, 30(2), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(95)00052-6
-
ETRI. (2019). Seven AI trends by 2020-beyond perception (ETRI Insight Report). https://ksp.etri.re.kr/ksp/plan-report/file/766.pdf
-
Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1998). Adapting tests for use in multiple languages and cultures. Social Indicators Research, 45, 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006941729637
-
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
-
Jang, Y., Choi, S., & Kim, H. (2022). Development and validation of an instrument to measure undergraduate students’ attitudes toward the ethics of artificial intelligence (AT-EAI) and analysis of its difference by gender and experience of AI education. Education and Information Technologies, 27(8), 11635–11667. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10639-022-11086-5
-
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User's reference guide. Scientific Software International.
-
Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (31. Basım). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
-
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2. Ed.). Guilford Press.
-
Kum, Ö. (2023). Grafik tasarım bölümü öğrencilerinin yapay zekaya yönelik tutumları (Tokat İli Örneği). EKEV Akademi Dergisi, 96, 172-181. https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1381995
-
Liang, W. (2020, June). Development trend and thinking of artificial intelligence in education, 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), pp. 886-890, https://doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC48107.2020.9148078
-
Lukić, A., Kudelić, N., Antičević, V., Lazić-Mosler, E., Glunčić, V., Hren, D., & Lukić, I. K. (2023). First-year nursing students’ attitudes towards artificial intelligence: Cross-sectional multi-center study. Nurse Education in Practice, 71, 103735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103735
-
Mantello, P., Ho, M. T., Nguyen, M. H., & Vuong, Q. H. (2023). Machines that feel: Behavioral determinants of attitude towards affect recognition technology—Upgrading technology acceptance theory with the mindsponge model. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01837-1
-
McCarthy, J. (2007). What is artificial intelligence? https://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html
-
McCorduck, P., Minsky, M., Selfridge, O. G., & Simon, H. A. (1977, August). History of artificial intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). pp. 951-954. https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/77-2/Papers/083.pdf
-
McIver, J. P., & Carmines, E. G. (1981). Unidimensional scaling. Sage.
-
MEB (2020). Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi Anadolu Meslek ve Anadolu Teknik Programı Bilişim Teknolojileri Alanı Çerçeve Öğretim Programı. https://meslek.meb.gov.tr/upload/cop12/bilisim_12.pdf
-
MEB (2023a). Ortaokullarda "yapay zeka uygulamaları" dersinin müfredatı hazırlandı. https://www.meb.gov.tr/ortaokullarda-yapay-zek-uygulamalari-dersinin-mufredati-hazirlandi/haber/31761/tr
-
MEB (2023b). Yapay zeka uygulamaları dersi öğretim programı (I-II) (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu 7 ve 8. sınıflar). https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/2023112493011132-23174117_yapayzekauygulamalaridersiogretimprogrami_3.23.pdf
-
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