Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types

Öznur Bayar; Gözde Şensoy Murt

doi:10.53444/deubefd.1627407

TR EN

Öz

Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types

Öz

Ebeveynin aşırı koruma ve aşırı kontrolü (AK-AK), akran ilişkilerinde kısıtlamalar, aşırı yönlendirme ve mahremiyet ile özerkliğe saygı eksikliği ile gözlenen, kültüre özgü bir çocukluk travması türü olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, geriye dönük ölçülen AK-AK'nin genç yetişkinlerde ruh sağlığı belirtilerine özgün katkısını araştırmaktadır. 18-35 yaş arası (Ort = 21.63, SS = 3.22) katılımcılar (N = 356), fiziksel, duygusal ve cinsel istismar ile duygusal ve fiziksel ihmal dahil çocuk istismarı ve ihmali (Çİİ) türlerini, AK-AK'yi ve mevcut ruh sağlığı sonuçlarını değerlendiren çevrimiçi bir anket doldurmuştur. AK-AK yaygınlığı %19.4 olup, tüm Çİİ alt türleriyle pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Hiyerarşik doğrusal regresyon sonuçları, AK-AK'nin diğer Çİİ alt türlerinin ötesinde depresyon, anksiyete ve stresi sırasıyla %3.6 (B = .33, p < .001), %3.4 (B = .25, p < .001) ve %4.4 (B = .32, p < .001) varyans artışıyla yordadığını göstermiştir. AK-AK, bir Çİİ türü ve genç yetişkin ruh sağlığı için önemli bir risk faktörü olarak daha fazla araştırılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

aşırı koruma-aşırı kontrol, çocuk istismarı, çocuk ihmali, depresyon, anksiyete, stress

Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types

Öz

Parental overcontrol and overprotection (OP-OC) have been identified as culturally sensitive forms of recalled childhood trauma, characterized by restrictions on peer relations, over-guiding, and a lack of respect for privacy and autonomy. This study explores the unique contribution of retrospectivly assessed OP-OC to mental health outcomes in young adults. Participants (N = 356) aged 18–35 (M = 21.63, SD = 3.22) completed an online survey assessing child maltreatment (CM) types including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and emotional and physical neglect, OP-OC and current mental health outcomes. OP-OC prevalence was 19.4%, correlated positively with all CM subtypes. Hierarchical linear regressions showed OP-OC uniquely predicted depression, anxiety, and stress explaining additional 3.6% (B = .33, p < .001), 3.4%, (B = .25, p < .001), and 4.4% (B = .32, p < .001) of variance respectively, beyond other CM subtypes. OP-OC should be further explored as a CM type and a substantial risk factor for young adult mental health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

overprotection-overcontrol, child abuse, child neglect, depression, anxiety, stress

Destekleyen Kurum

Herhangi bir kurumdan destek alınmamıştır. Çıkar çatışması yoktur.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın etik izni Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Araştırmalar Etik Komisyonundan alınmış ve araştırma süresince etik ilkelere uyulmuştur.

Kaynakça

Banyard, V., Hamby, S., & Grych, J. (2017). Health effects of adverse childhood events: Identifying promising protective factors at the intersection of mental and physical well-being. Child Abuse & Neglect, 65, 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.011
Bayar, Ö., & Doğan, T. (2023). Childhood Protective Experiences Scale (CPESS): Assessing protective factors against child abuse and neglect. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Journal of Faculty of Education, 68, 128-155. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.1292407
Borelli, J. L., Margolin, G., & Rasmussen, H. F. (2015). Parental overcontrol as a mechanism explaining the longitudinal association between parent and child anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(6), 1559–1574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9960-1.
Bruysters, N. Y. F., & Pilkington, P. D. (2023). Overprotective parenting experiences and early maladaptive schemas in adolescence and adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 30(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2776.
Carbone, G. A., Imperatori, C., Adenzato, M., Presti, A. L., Farina, B., & Ardito, R. B. (2024). Is parental overcontrol a specific form of child maltreatment? Insights from a resting state EEG connectivity study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 155, 106962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106962
Cronholm, P. F., Forke, C. M., Wade, R., Bair-Merritt, M. H., Davis, M., Harkins-Schwarz, M., Pachter, L. M., & Fein, J. A. (2015). Adverse Childhood Experiences: Expanding the Concept of Adversity. American journal of preventive medicine, 49(3), 354–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.001
Cui, M., Hong, P., & Jiao, C. (2022). Overparenting and emerging adult development: A systematic review. Emerging Adulthood, 10(5), 1076–1094. https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968221108828
Cheng, K. M. (2001). Educational systems: Asia. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 4333–4338). Pergamon. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02395-0
de Roo, M., Veenstra, R., & Kretschmer, T. (2022). Internalizing and externalizing correlates of parental overprotection as measured by the EMBU: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social development, 31(4), 962–983. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12590
Doğan, T. (2016). Ergenlerde ana-babaya bağlanma: Türkiye profili. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 8(4), 406 – 419. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.253446

Hildyard, K. L., & Wolfe, D. A. (2002). Child neglect: developmental issues and outcomes. Child abuse & neglect, 26(6-7), 679–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00341-1
Farina, B., Imperatori, C., Adenzato, M., & Ardito, R. B. (2021). Perceived parental over-protection in non clinical young adults is associated with affective vulnerability: A cross-sectional study. Journal of affective disorders, 292, 496–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.071
Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., Mikton, C., Jones, L., & Dunne, M. P. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. Public health, 2(8), e356–e366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4
Humphreys, K. L., LeMoult, J., Wear, J. G., Piersiak, H. A., Lee, A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2020). Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child abuse & neglect, 102, 104361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361
Hong, F., Tarullo, A. R., Mercurio, A. E., Liu, S., Cai, Q., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2018). Childhood maltreatment and perceived stress in young adults: The role of emotion regulation strategies, self-efficacy, and resilience. Child abuse & neglect, 86, 136–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.014
Jaffee S. R. (2017). Child Maltreatment and Risk for Psychopathology in Childhood and Adulthood. Annual review of clinical psychology, 13, 525–551. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045005
Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2007). Family, self, and human development across cultures: Theory and application. Taylor & Francis Group.
Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2013). Adolescent autonomy‐relatedness and the family in cultural context: What is optimal? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12041
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
Laajasalo, T., Cowley, L. E., Otterman, G., Lamela, D., Rodrigues, L. B., Jud, A., Kemp, A., Naughton, A., Hurt, L., Soldino, V., Ntinapogias, A., Nurmatov, U., & COST Action network 19106 (2023). Current issues and challenges in the definition and operationalization of child maltreatment: A scoping review. Child abuse & neglect, 140, 106187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106187
Lee, J., & Kang, S. (2018). Perceived helicopter parenting and Korean emerging adults' psychological adjustment: The mediational role of parent-child affection and pressure from parental career expectations. Journal of child and family studies, 27(11), 3672–3686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1193-2
Lippard, E. T. C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020). The devastating clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect: Increased disease vulnerability and poor treatment response in mood disorders. The American journal of psychiatry, 177(1), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010020
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour research and therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u
Manzeske, D.P., Stright, A.D. (2009). Parenting styles and emotion regulation: the role of behavioral and psychological control during young adulthood. Journal of adult development, 16, 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-009-9068-9
Massullo, C., De Rossi, E., Carbone, G. A., Imperatori, C., Ardito, R. B., Adenzato, M., & Farina, B. (2023). Child Maltreatment, Abuse, and Neglect: An Umbrella Review of Their Prevalence and Definitions. Clinical neuropsychiatry, 20(2), 72–99. https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230201.
McLafferty, M., Armour, C., Bunting, B., Ennis, E., Lapsley, C., Murray, E., & O'Neill, S. (2019). Coping, stress, and negative childhood experiences: The link to psychopathology, self-harm, and suicidal behavior. PsyCh journal, 8(3), 293–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.301
Overbeek, G., ten Have, M., Vollebergh, W., & de Graaf, R. (2007). Parental lack of care and overprotection. Longitudinal associations with DSM-III-R disorders. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 42(2), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0115-6
Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x.
Ryan, K. M., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Speechley, M., Stuart, J., Soenens, B., Zimmermann, G., & Van Petegem, S. (2024). Identifying correlates of demanding and responsive features in helicopter and overprotective parenting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 33, 2826–2843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-024-02896-x
Shin, M., & Adame, E. A. (2023). Helicopter parenting and first-semester students’ adjustment to college: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. https://doi.org/10.1177_02654075231186443.
Şar, V., Necef, I., Mutluer, T., Fatih, P., & Türk-Kurtça, T. (2021). A Revised And Expanded Version Of The Turkish Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33): Overprotection-Overcontrol As Additional Factor. Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD), 22(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2020.1760171
Şar, V., MD, & Türk-Kurtça, T., PhD (2021). The Vicious Cycle of Traumatic Narcissism and Dissociative Depression Among Young Adults: A Trans-Diagnostic Approach. Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD), 22(5), 502–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2020.1869644
Sarıçam, H. (2018). The psychometric properties of Turkish version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. JCBPR, 7(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.274847 Senay Guzel, H., & Osmanoğlu, R. M. (2024). Mothers’ parental acceptance-rejection in childhood, parental attitudes, and emotional and behavioral difficulties of their children. Current Psychology, 43(12), 11193-11203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05231-7.
Seyfeli, E. B., & Şener, Ö. (2022). Relationship between substance abuse and childhood traumas and attachment styles in adults. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 23(4), 473-482. https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1052077
Sümer, N., Aktürk, E. G., & Helvaci, E. (2010). Summary psychological effects of parenting styles and behaviors: A review of studies in Turkey. Turk Psikoloji Yazilari, 13(25), 42-59.
Su, Y., Meng, X., Yang, G., & D'Arcy, C. (2022). The relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health problems: coping strategies and social support act as mediators. BMC psychiatry, 22(1), 359. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04001-2.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed.). Pearson.
The World Health Organization, (2022). Child Maltreatment. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment in October 12, 2024.
Urone, C., Verdi, C., Iacono, C. L., & Miano, P. (2024). Dealing with overparenting: Developmental outcomes in emerging adults exposed to overprotection and overcontrol. Trends in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-024-00407-x
Varela, R. E., Niditch, L. A., Hensley-Maloney, L., Moore, K. W., & Creveling, C. C. (2013). Parenting practices, interpretive biases, and anxiety in Latino children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(2), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.12.004
Wu, Z., Liu, Z., Jiang, Z., Fu, X., Deng, Q., Palaniyappan, L., Xiang, Z., Huang, D., & Long, Y. (2022). Overprotection and overcontrol in childhood: An evaluation on reliability and validity of 33-item expanded Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33), Chinese version. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 68, 102962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102962
Yap, M. B., Pilkington, P. D., Ryan, S. M., & Jorm, A. F. (2014). Parental factors associated with depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 156, 8–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.11.007
Zhang, J., Wu, Z., Tao, H., Chen, M., Yu, M., Zhou, L., Sun, M., Lv, D., Cui, G., Yi, Q., Tang, H., An, C., Liu, Z., Huang, X., & Long, Y. (2023). Profile and mental health characterization of childhood overprotection/overcontrol experiences among Chinese university students: a nationwide survey. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1238254. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238254

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Öznur Bayar ^*
0000-0002-9385-8641
Türkiye

Gözde Şensoy Murt
0000-0003-1420-5771
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Mart 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

26 Ocak 2025

Kabul Tarihi

6 Şubat 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 67

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1627407

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA79MM33JE

APA

Bayar, Ö., & Şensoy Murt, G. (2026). Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 67, 89-103. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1627407

AMA

1.Bayar Ö, Şensoy Murt G. Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types. DEU BEF Dergi. 2026;(67):89-103. doi:10.53444/deubefd.1627407

Chicago

Bayar, Öznur, ve Gözde Şensoy Murt. 2026. “Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, sy 67: 89-103. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1627407.

EndNote

Bayar Ö, Şensoy Murt G (01 Mart 2026) Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 67 89–103.

IEEE

[1]Ö. Bayar ve G. Şensoy Murt, “Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types”, DEU BEF Dergi, sy 67, ss. 89–103, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.53444/deubefd.1627407.

ISNAD

Bayar, Öznur - Şensoy Murt, Gözde. “Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 67 (01 Mart 2026): 89-103. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1627407.

JAMA

1.Bayar Ö, Şensoy Murt G. Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types. DEU BEF Dergi. 2026;:89–103.

MLA

Bayar, Öznur, ve Gözde Şensoy Murt. “Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, sy 67, Mart 2026, ss. 89-103, doi:10.53444/deubefd.1627407.

Vancouver

1.Öznur Bayar, Gözde Şensoy Murt. Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types. DEU BEF Dergi. 01 Mart 2026;(67):89-103. doi:10.53444/deubefd.1627407

Öz

Öz

Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Parental overprotection and overcontrol predicts young adult mental health beyond traditional childhood abuse and neglect types

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Etik Beyan

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster