Improving the Mechanical Properties of Cast Materials Through Computer-Aided Design and Process Optimization

Öz

Scientific and technical research conducted to improve the mechanical properties of widely used steel materials also leads to increased costs. Therefore, previous studies about the cast irons have been guiding companies' R&D efforts in today's competitive environment. To increase the tensile strength, percent elongation, and impact strength of spheroidal graphite cast irons with a ferritic microstructure to those of steel materials, special processes must be applied. This article presents studies resulting from a detailed examination of a very large data bank concerning two critical issues in design and application. The first stage describes computer-aided design and simulation activities related to design improvement, cost reduction, and enhancement of mechanical strength. The second stage examines academic and technical approaches to metallurgical processes in production processes without requiring special heat treatment. For this purpose, spheroidal graphite ferritic cast iron material, commonly used in the EN-GJS 400-18 LT standard, was selected, and the processes were described in detail. Materials meeting the GGG 40 standard were subjected to special heat treatments to improve their properties, leading to the standard being named GGG 40.3. As a result of the study, materials meeting the requirements of the GGG 40.3 standard can be produced without any additional processing, especially heat treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Casting
• Controlled Cooling
• Cost Reduction
• Metallurgical Process Control

Bilgisayar Destekli Tasarım ve Süreç Optimizasyonu ile Döküm Malzemenin Mekanik Özelliklerinin Geliştirilmesi

Öz

Yaygın olarak kullanılan çelik malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi için yapılan bilimsel ve teknik araştırmalar maliyetlerin de yükselmesini beraberinde getimektedir. Bu sebeple eski ancak halen yaygın olan dökme demirler üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar günümüzün rekabetçi koşullarında firmaların Ar-Ge çalışmalarına yön vermektedir. Ferritik mikroyapıdaki küresel grafitli dökme demirlerin çekme mukavemeti, yüzde uzama ve darbe dayanımını çelik malzemelerin sağladığı değerlere yükseltmek için bazı özel proseslerin uıygulanması gerekmektedir. Bu makale, önce tasarım sonra da uygulamadaki iki kritik konuya ait çok büyük bir veri bankasının detaylı olarak ele alınması neticesindeki çalışmaları içermektedir. Birinci aşamada, tasarım geliştirme ile maliyet düşürme ve mekanik mukavemetin geliştirilmesine ait bilgisayar destekli tasarım ve simülasyon faaliyetleri aktarılmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise özel ısıl işlem gerektirmeden üretim süreçlerindeki metalurjik işlemlere yönelik akademik ve teknik yaklaşımları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, yaygın olarak kullanılan EN-GJS 400-18 LT standardında küresel grafitli ferritik dökme demir malzeme seçilmiş ve işlemler ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmıştır. GGG 40 standardını karşılayan malzemeler, özelliklerini iyileştirmek için özel ısıl işlemlere tabi tutulmakta ve bu da standardın GGG 40.3 olarak adlandırılmasına yol açmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucu olarak, özellikle ısıl işlem olmak üzere herhangi bir ek işleme gerek kalmadan GGG 40.3 standardının gereksinimlerini karşılayan malzemeler üretilebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Döküm
• Kontrollü Soğutma
• Maliyet Düşürme
• Metalurjik Proses Kontrolü

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