ALMANYA’DA 1850 SONRASI ENDÜSTRİLEŞME SÜRECİNDE BANKALARIN ROLÜ

Öz

Endüstriyel gelişme için gerekli şartların mevcut olduğu ve bu şartların daha çok liberal ekonomi araçlarıyla harekete geçerek endüstrileşmeyi hızlandırdığı erken endüstrileşen ülkelerden farklı olarak, geç endüstrileşen ülkeler endüstriyel gelişme için gerekli şartları özgün kurumsal tepkiler yoluyla yaratmak durumunda kalmıştır. Bu bağlamda geç endüstrileşen ülkeler endüstrileşme çabaları esnasında, endüstrileşmelerinin yönünü belirleyen kurumlar oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geç endüstrileşen ülkeler içinde yer alan Almanya’da endüstriyel gelişimi teşvik eden en önemli kurumların, yatırım ve ticari bankacılığı birlikte gerçekleştiren evrensel bankalar olduğunu vurgulamaktır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada Almanya’da evrensel bankaların sermaye oluşumunda ve sermayenin hareketliliğinin sağlanmasında oynadığı rol, kredi yaratma politikaları ve özel sektöre yaptıkları teşvikler ele alınmaktadır.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Geç endüstrileşme,Çok İşlevli (Evrensel) Banka,Almanya

The Role of Banks After 1850 Industrialızation Process in Germany

Öz

Unlike the early industrializing countries, in which the prerequisites of industrial development exist, and these prerequisites are driven by liberal economic instruments to accelerate industrialization, late industrializing countries have had to create the prerequisites for industrial development through unique institutional reactions. In this context, late industrializing countries have been the institutions that determine the direction of their industrialization during their efforts to industrialize. The aim of this study is to emphasize that the most important institutions promoting industrial development in Germany, which is part of the late industrialized countries, are universal banks that carry out investment and commercial banking together. In this context, this study deals with the role played by universal banks in capital formation and the mobilization of capital in Germany, credit creation policies and incentives in the private sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Late Industrialization,Investment banks,Germany

Kaynakça

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