ORTADOĞU'DA YEŞİL KOLONYALİZM VE EKOLOJİK APARTHEİD UYGULAMALARI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 65 Sayı: 1, 200 - 222, 25.06.2025

Ayşe Yaşar

https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2025.65.1.8

Öz

Yeşil Kolonyalizm sömürgeci gücün faydalanmak istediği topraklarda kendi çıkarlarına hizmet eden ve aynı zamanda çevreci olmayan uygulamalarıyla karakterize edilen bir kolonyal yöntem olarak tanımlanabilir. Ekolojik Apartheid ise sömürgeci erkin, uyguladığı çevresel kolonyal politikalarını belirli bir toplumsal grubun yaşadığı bölgeleri hedef alarak ayrımcı politikalarla birleştirmesini ifade etmektedir.
Bu araştırma Yeşil Kolonyalizm ve Ekolojik Apartheid uygulamalarını Ortadoğu bölgesi çerçevesinde incelemektedir. 20. yüzyılın ortalarında Ortadoğu’da yeni devletler kurulmuştur. Bu devletlerden bazıları devletleşme sürecine giden yolda Batılı ülkelerle kolonyal geçmişini hatırlatan birtakım ilişkilerini devam ettirmek zorunda kalmıştır. Aynı zamanda kendi iç sistemsel yapılarına bakıldığında da bu devletlerin birçoğu demokratik ve eşitlikçi olmaktan uzaktır. Dolayısıyla Ortadoğu ülkeleri ve toplumlarının bir kısmı dışarıdan veya içeriden birtakım Yeşil Kolonyalizm ve/veya Ekolojik Apartheid politikalarına maruz kalmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Ortadoğu bölgesindeki bütün Yeşil Kolonyalizm veya Ekolojik Apartheid politikaları sayıp dökmek olmasa da bu konuda Ortadoğu bölgesini kapsayan genel bir çerçeve çizmektir. Bu amaçla araştırmada öncelikle Yeşil Kolonyalizm ve Ekolojik Apartheid kavramları açıklanacak; İsrail’in Filistin topraklarında uyguladığı politikalar, Batılı şirketler tarafından bazı Ortadoğu ülkelerinde yürütülen petrol çıkarımı ve ülkelerin iç işleyişinde söz konusu olan bazı eşitliksiz politikalar Yeşil Kolonyalizm ve Ekolojik Apartheid perspektifinde çözümlenecektir. Bu araştırmada veri toplamada genel bilimsel literatürü oluşturan kitap ve makaleler yanında hatıratlardan, gazete ve haber sitelerinden, uluslararası antlaşmalardan ve uluslararası kurum ve kuruluşların raporlarından yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde teorik çerçeve olarak birey, toplum ve çevreyi dikkate alan ve kritik bir yaklaşımla meseleleri ele alan eleştirel jeopolitik yaklaşımı ile birlikte bilgi ve gücün birlikte üretildiği sömürgeci söylemin eleştirisine dayanan postkolonyal coğrafi perspektiften yararlanılmıştır. Özellikle eski sömürge ülkelerinde, içeriden ve dışarından gelen çeşitli politikaların-uygulamaların kolonyalizme içkin olup olmadığı, sömürgeci ve ırkçı/apartheid yaklaşımlara ne ölçüde hizmet ettiğinin sorgulanması, uluslararası sözleşmelerin bu yaklaşımları engelleyecek şekilde güncellenmesi, uluslararası adalet mekanizmasının söz konusu yaklaşım ve uygulamaların önlenmesini kapsayacak şekilde işletilmesi, ülke içi çevre yasalarının düzenlenmesi ve uygulanması gerektiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeşil Kolonyalizm , Ekolojik Apartheid , Ortadoğu , Neokolonyalizm , Çevre

PRACTICES OF GREEN COLONIALISM AND ECOLOGICAL APARTHEID IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Öz

Green Colonialism is a colonial method that works the colonial power's own interests in the lands it wants to benefit from and is featured by non-environmental practices. Ecological apartheid is the the colonial power's combination of environmental colonial policies with apartheid practices targeting areas inhabited by a certain group.
This research examines green colonialism and ecological apartheid practices within the framework of the Middle East. Some of the former colony states in the Middle East had to maintain some relations with the former colonial power during the state formation process. Furthermore, many of these states are far from being democratic and egalitarian. Consequently, certain Middle Eastern countries and societies have been exposed to Green Colonialism and/or Ecological Apartheid policies, either externally or internally. The aim of this research is to draw a framework covering the region on this subject. For this purpose, the policies implemented by Israel in Palestinian territories, the oil extraction operations conducted by Western companies in Middle Eastern countries, and some of the unequal policies in the internal workings of these countries will be analyzed from the perspectives of green colonialism and ecological apartheid. In this research, academic books and articles, memoirs, newspapers and news websites, international agreements and reports were used while collecting data. In the analysis of the data, the critical geopolitical approach, which focuses on the individual, society and the environment, and the postcolonial geographical perspective, which is based on the critique of the colonial discourse were used as a theoretical framework. The study concludes that, in former colonial countries, various policies and practices are colonial, the extent to which they serve colonial and racist approaches should be questioned, international conventions should be updated and the international justice mechanism should work to prevent such practices, and domestic environmental laws should be regulated and implemented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Green Colonialism , Ecological Apartheid , Middle East , Neocolonialism , Environment

Kaynakça

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