Akıllı Kontrat Geliştirme Süreçlerinde Yapay Zekanın Rolü: Kapsamlı ve Sistematik Bir Literatür Taraması

Öz

Blockchain teknolojisinin temelini oluşturan akıllı kontratlar, dijital anlaşmaların otomasyonunda bir devrim vaat etmektedir. Ancak bu potansiyel, ciddi güvenlik açıkları, yüksek geliştirme maliyetleri ve performans verimsizlikleri gibi önemli zorluklarla gölgelenmektedir. Bu sistematik literatür taraması, yapay zeka (AI) ve makine öğrenmesi (ML) teknolojilerinin, akıllı kontrat yaşam döngüsünün her aşamasında bu zorlukları ele almak için nasıl giderek daha merkezi bir rol oynadığını derinlemesine incelemektedir. 50’den fazla hakemli akademik makale, konferans bildirisi ve endüstri raporu analiz edilerek, AI’nın akıllı kontrat geliştirme süreçlerindeki uygulamaları dört ana tematik eksende incelenmiştir: (1) Güvenlik Açığı Tespiti ve Analizi, (2) Kod Üretimi ve Otomasyon, (3) Performans Optimizasyonu ve Gaz Maliyeti Azaltma, ve (4) Ekosistem Entegrasyonu ve Sektörel Uygulamalar. Bulgularımız, özellikle Transformer tabanlı modeller (örneğin, CodeBERT) ve Büyük Dil Modelleri (LLM’ler) gibi ileri AI tekniklerinin, statik analiz araçlarının sınırlamalarını aşarak güvenlik açığı tespitinde %99’a varan doğruluk oranları sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, LLM’lerin doğal dilden otomatik olarak güvenli ve verimli Solidity kodu üretme yeteneği, geliştirme paradigmalarını temelden değiştirme potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, mevcut metodolojileri, kullanılan veri setlerini ve elde edilen performans metriklerini karşılaştırmalı tablolarla sunmakta, alandaki temel evrimsel eğilimleri (2018’den günümüze) analiz etmekte, önemli araştırma boşluklarını (örneğin, açıklanabilirlik, repository- level anlayış) belirlemekte ve gelecekteki araştırma yönelimleri için somut öneriler sunmaktadır. Bu kapsamlı analiz hem akademik araştırmacılar hem de endüstri profesyonelleri için mevcut durumu ve gelecekteki potansiyeli aydınlatan temel bir kaynak olmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akıllı kontratlar
• Blockchain
• Güvenlik açığı tespiti
• Kod otomasyonu
• Yapay zekâ

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Smart Contract Development Processes: A Comprehensive and Systematic Literature Review

Öz

Smart contracts, which form the foundation of blockchain technology, promise a revolution in the automation of digital agreements. However, this potential is overshadowed by significant challenges such as serious security vulnerabilities, high development costs, and performance inefficiencies. This systematic literature review provides an in-depth examination of how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies are playing an increasingly central role in addressing these challenges at every stage of the smart contract lifecycle. By analyzing more than 50 peer-reviewed academic papers, conference proceedings, and industry reports, the applications of AI in smart contract development processes are investigated along four main thematic axes: (1) Vulnerability Detection and Analysis, (2) Code Generation and Automation, (3) Performance Optimization and Gas Cost Reduction, and (4) Ecosystem Integration and Sectoral Applications. Our findings reveal that advanced AI techniques, particularly Transformer-based models (e.g., CodeBERT) and Large Language Models (LLMs), offer up to 99% accuracy in vulnerability detection, surpassing the limitations of traditional static analysis tools. Furthermore, the ability of LLMs to automatically generate secure and efficient Solidity code from natural language holds the potential to fundamentally transform development paradigms. This study presents comparative tables summarizing existing methodologies, datasets, and performance metrics, analyzes key evolutionary trends in the field (from 2018 to the present), identifies major research gaps (e.g., explainability, repository-level understanding), and provides concrete recommendations for future research directions. Through this comprehensive analysis, the study aims to serve as a fundamental resource illuminating both the current state and future potential of the field for academic researchers and industry professionals alike.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial intelligence
• Blockchain
• Code automation
• Smart contracts
• Vulnerability detection

Kaynakça

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