PLA Based Hybrid Composites Reinforced with TPU and Wood Flour for Advanced Engineering Applications
Öz
This study investigates PLA-based green composites modified with bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and wood flour (WF) to reduce brittleness while maintaining mechanical properties. Composites containing 0-40% by weight TPU and 0-30% by weight WF were prepared by injection molding using 3% maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as a binder. Physical, mechanical, and morphological characterizations revealed that increasing the filler content systematically reduced the mechanical properties. TPU increased toughness (a 220% increase in tensile strength at break with 40% by weight TPU), while WF increased stiffness but reduced ductility. As confirmed by SEM analysis, both additives reduced density and increased water absorption due to porosity formation. ANOVA and Duncan tests confirmed that TPU and WF content have significant effects on composite properties, guiding the creation of optimal mixtures for sustainable engineering applications.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Polylactic acid (PLA), Bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), Green composites, Wood-plastic composites (WPCs)
Destekleyen Kurum
This study was carried out with the support of the Karabuk University Coordinatorship of Research Project with project number KBÜBAP-23-ABP-082.
Proje Numarası
KBÜBAP-23-ABP-082
Etik Beyan
This study does not involve human or animal participants. All procedures were performed in accordance with scientific and ethical principles, and all referenced studies have been properly cited.
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Teşekkür
This study was carried out with the support of Karabuk University Coordinatorship of Research Project with project number KBÜBAP-23-ABP-082.
Kaynakça
- Anaç, N., Temiz, A., Koçar, O., & Güldibi, A. S. (2024). Plastik enjeksiyon yöntemi ile fındık kabuğu ve pirina katkılı biyokompozitlerin üretimi. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 10(1), 72–88. https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.1425528
- Bi, H., Ren, Z., Guo, R., Xu, M., & Song, Y. (2018). Fabrication of flexible wood flour/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer composites using fused deposition molding. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.059
- Clemons, C. M. (2010). Wood flour. In M. Xanthos (Ed.), Functional fillers for plastics (pp. 269–290). Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527629848.ch15
- de Melo Morgado, G. F., de Moura, N. K., Martins, E. F., Escanio, C. A., Backes, E. H., Marini, J., & Passador, F. R. (2022). Effect of blend ratio on thermal, mechanical, and shape memory properties of poly (lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane bio-blends. Journal of Polymer Research, 29, Article 533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03389-5
- Diestel, S., & Krause, A. (2018). Wood-based composites with thermoplastic polyurethane as matrix polymer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 135(25), Article 46344. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.46344
- Fang, H., Zhang, L., Chen, A., & Wu, F. (2022). Improvement of mechanical property for PLA/TPU blend by adding PLA-TPU copolymers prepared via in situ ring-opening polymerization. Polymers, 14(8), Article 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14081530
- Gao, H., Wang, Q. W., Wang, H. G., & Song, Y. M. (2010). Properties of highly filled wood fiber-maleic anhydride grafted thermoplastic blends composites. Advanced Materials Research, 113–116, 1856–1860. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.113-116.1856
- Kaynak, C., & Meyva, Y. (2014). Use of maleic anhydride compatibilization to improve toughness and other properties of polylactide blended with thermoplastic elastomers. Polymer Advanced Technologies, 25(12), 1622–1628. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3415
- Khalifa, M., Anandhan, S., Wuzella, G., Lammer, H., & Mahendran, A. R. (2020). Thermoplastic polyurethane composites reinforced with renewable and sustainable fillers – a review. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, 59(16), 1751–1769. https://doi.org/10.1080/25740881.2020.1768544
- Mäkinen, H., Saranpää, P., & Linder, S. (2002). Wood-density variation of Norway spruce in relation to nutrient optimization and fibre dimensions. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 32(2), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-186