Son yıllarda çok farklı sebeplerle de olsa giderek ülkemizde de yaygınlaşmaya başlayan küreselleşme karşıtlığı sonucu oluşan lokal milliyetçilik akımlarının tüketicilerin satın alma karar sürecine olan etkisi yadsınamaz bir gerçek olarak karşımızda durmaktadır. Son yıllarda özellikle ABD ve AB karşıtlığı ile bunlarla boy ölçüşen Çin karşıtlığı bütün dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hızla yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu ve benzer olguların tüketim ve satın alma alışkanlıklarımıza etkisi başta uluslararası pazarlarla çalışan işletmelerimiz ile pazarlama akademisyenlerinin merak ettiği ve çözüm aradığı konuların başında gelmektedir. niyetleri arasında farklılık oluşturması ve büyük şehir - küçük şehir ayrımı ile siyasi duruş farklılıklarının yine etnosentrizm eğilimlerine göre farklılık oluşturması bu çalışmanın önemli bulgularıdır
AHMED, A. Sadrudin ve Alain, d’Astous, (2008), Antecedents, moderators and dimensions of country-of-origin evaluations”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 25, No. 1, s. 75-106.
AKHTER, H., Syed ,( 2007), “Globalization, expectations model of economic nationalism, and consumer behavior”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.24, No. 3, s.142–150
ALTINTAŞ, Murat ve Tuncer, Tokol, (2007), “ Cultural Openness and Consumer
Ethnocentrism: an empirical analysis of Turkısh Consumers”, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol.25, No.4, s.308-325.
ARI, Emin Sertaç (2007), Satın Alma Kararlarında Tüketici Etnosentrizmi ve Menşe Ülke Etkisinin Rolü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova
Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
AYSUNA, Ceyda, (2006), Tüketici Etnosentrizmi Etkisini ÖlçmedeCETSCALEÖlçeği Ve Türkiye Uygulaması, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
BALABANIS, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller, R.D., Melewar, T.C (2001), "The
Impact of Nationalism, Patriotism and Internationalism on Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies", Journal Of International Business Studies, 32, 1 (First Quarter 2001): 157-175
BALABANIS, G., R. Mueller ve T.C. Melewar. (2002). The Relationship Between
Consumer Ethnocentrism and Human Values. Journal of Global Marketing. (3/4), 7-37. CHATTALAS, Michael, Thomas, Kramer ve Hirokazu Takada, (2008), “The impact of national stereotypes on the country of origin effect A conceptual framework”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 25, No. 1, s. 54-74.
EVANSCHİTZKY, H., F. v. Wangenheim ve D. Woisetschlager, (2008),
“Consumer ethnocentrismin the German market”, International Marketing Review, Vol.25, No.1, s.7-32. GOOD, Linda K., ve Patricia, Huddleston, (1995), “Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: are feelings and intentions related?”, InternationalMarketing Review,Vol. 12, No. 5, s. 35-48. HAMİN ve Greg, Elliott ,(2006), “A less-developed country perspective of consumer ethnocentrism and ‘‘country of origin’’ effects: Indonesian evidence”,
asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 18, No. 2, s. 79-92
KUCUKEMİROGLU, Orsay, (1999), “Market segmentation by using consumer lifestyle dimensions and ethnocentrism An empirical study”, European Journal of Marketing,,Vol. 33, No. 5/6, s. 470-487.
MARTINEZ-LUQUE, Teodoro, Jose-Angel, Ibanez- Zapata ve Salvador del Barrio-Garcia, (2000), “Consumer ethnocentrism measurement An assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE in Spain”, European Journal of
Marketing, Vol. 34 No. 11/12, s. 1353-1373.
NETEMEYER R. G., S. Durvasula ve D. R. Lichtenstein, (1991),“ A Cross
National Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the CETSCALE”, Journal Of Marketing Research, Vol. XXVUI, August, s.320-327
SHANKARMAHESH, Mahesh N., (2006), “Consumer ethnocentrism:an integrative review of its antecedents and consequences”, International
Marketing Review, Vol. 23, No. 2, s. 146-172.
SHIMP, A. Terence ve Subhash, Sharma , (1987), “Consumer Ethnocentrism:
Construction and Validation of the CETSCALE”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. XXIV, August, s.280-289.
SOHAIL, Sadiq, (2005), “Malaysian Consumers’Evaluation of Products Made in
Germany: The Country of Origin Effect”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol.17, No. 1, s.89-105.
SHOHAM, Aviv ve Maja, Makovec, Brencic, (2003), “Consumer Ethnocentrism,
Attitudes, and Purchase Behavior: An Israeli Study”, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, Vol. 15, No.4, s.67-86. VIDA, Irena ve James, Reardon, 2008, “Domestic consumption: rational, affective or normative choice?”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 25, No.1,s.34-44.
WANG, Cheng Lu ve Zhen Xiong, Chen, (2004), “Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy domestic products in a developing country setting: testing moderating effects”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.21, No. 6, s. 391–400.
CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION
Nowadays, for different reasons opposition to globalization has become wide
spread in our country and as a result of this event regional nationalism
movements affect consumer decision making process for buying. Especially
opposition to USA, EU and China has rapidly become widespread in the world
as well as Turkey. This fact and its affects on consumption and buying habits
are the topics that Turkish businesses in global bases and marketing
academicians think about.
The main concept in this study - consumer ethnocentrism measured by
CETSCALE and eventually it is found that Turkish consumers have middle level
about consumer ethnocentrism tendency. The main results of this survey are
given below: (i) Turkish consumers’ ethnocentrism scores make difference in
their buying behavior intention.(ii)Living in a big or small cities and political
preference differences affect ethnocentrism inclination.
AHMED, A. Sadrudin ve Alain, d’Astous, (2008), Antecedents, moderators and dimensions of country-of-origin evaluations”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 25, No. 1, s. 75-106.
AKHTER, H., Syed ,( 2007), “Globalization, expectations model of economic nationalism, and consumer behavior”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.24, No. 3, s.142–150
ALTINTAŞ, Murat ve Tuncer, Tokol, (2007), “ Cultural Openness and Consumer
Ethnocentrism: an empirical analysis of Turkısh Consumers”, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol.25, No.4, s.308-325.
ARI, Emin Sertaç (2007), Satın Alma Kararlarında Tüketici Etnosentrizmi ve Menşe Ülke Etkisinin Rolü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova
Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
AYSUNA, Ceyda, (2006), Tüketici Etnosentrizmi Etkisini ÖlçmedeCETSCALEÖlçeği Ve Türkiye Uygulaması, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
BALABANIS, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller, R.D., Melewar, T.C (2001), "The
Impact of Nationalism, Patriotism and Internationalism on Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies", Journal Of International Business Studies, 32, 1 (First Quarter 2001): 157-175
BALABANIS, G., R. Mueller ve T.C. Melewar. (2002). The Relationship Between
Consumer Ethnocentrism and Human Values. Journal of Global Marketing. (3/4), 7-37. CHATTALAS, Michael, Thomas, Kramer ve Hirokazu Takada, (2008), “The impact of national stereotypes on the country of origin effect A conceptual framework”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 25, No. 1, s. 54-74.
EVANSCHİTZKY, H., F. v. Wangenheim ve D. Woisetschlager, (2008),
“Consumer ethnocentrismin the German market”, International Marketing Review, Vol.25, No.1, s.7-32. GOOD, Linda K., ve Patricia, Huddleston, (1995), “Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: are feelings and intentions related?”, InternationalMarketing Review,Vol. 12, No. 5, s. 35-48. HAMİN ve Greg, Elliott ,(2006), “A less-developed country perspective of consumer ethnocentrism and ‘‘country of origin’’ effects: Indonesian evidence”,
asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 18, No. 2, s. 79-92
KUCUKEMİROGLU, Orsay, (1999), “Market segmentation by using consumer lifestyle dimensions and ethnocentrism An empirical study”, European Journal of Marketing,,Vol. 33, No. 5/6, s. 470-487.
MARTINEZ-LUQUE, Teodoro, Jose-Angel, Ibanez- Zapata ve Salvador del Barrio-Garcia, (2000), “Consumer ethnocentrism measurement An assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE in Spain”, European Journal of
Marketing, Vol. 34 No. 11/12, s. 1353-1373.
NETEMEYER R. G., S. Durvasula ve D. R. Lichtenstein, (1991),“ A Cross
National Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the CETSCALE”, Journal Of Marketing Research, Vol. XXVUI, August, s.320-327
SHANKARMAHESH, Mahesh N., (2006), “Consumer ethnocentrism:an integrative review of its antecedents and consequences”, International
Marketing Review, Vol. 23, No. 2, s. 146-172.
SHIMP, A. Terence ve Subhash, Sharma , (1987), “Consumer Ethnocentrism:
Construction and Validation of the CETSCALE”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. XXIV, August, s.280-289.
SOHAIL, Sadiq, (2005), “Malaysian Consumers’Evaluation of Products Made in
Germany: The Country of Origin Effect”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol.17, No. 1, s.89-105.
SHOHAM, Aviv ve Maja, Makovec, Brencic, (2003), “Consumer Ethnocentrism,
Attitudes, and Purchase Behavior: An Israeli Study”, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, Vol. 15, No.4, s.67-86. VIDA, Irena ve James, Reardon, 2008, “Domestic consumption: rational, affective or normative choice?”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 25, No.1,s.34-44.
WANG, Cheng Lu ve Zhen Xiong, Chen, (2004), “Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy domestic products in a developing country setting: testing moderating effects”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.21, No. 6, s. 391–400.
Akın, M., Çiçek, R., Gürbüz, E., İnal, .. E. (2009). CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION. Ege Academic Review, 9(2), 489-512.
AMA
Akın M, Çiçek R, Gürbüz E, İnal .E. CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION. eab. Mayıs 2009;9(2):489-512.
Chicago
Akın, Murat, Recep Çiçek, Esen Gürbüz, ve .m. Emin İnal. “CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION”. Ege Academic Review 9, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2009): 489-512.
EndNote
Akın M, Çiçek R, Gürbüz E, İnal .E (01 Mayıs 2009) CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION. Ege Academic Review 9 2 489–512.
IEEE
M. Akın, R. Çiçek, E. Gürbüz, ve .. E. İnal, “CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION”, eab, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 489–512, 2009.
ISNAD
Akın, Murat vd. “CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION”. Ege Academic Review 9/2 (Mayıs 2009), 489-512.
JAMA
Akın M, Çiçek R, Gürbüz E, İnal .E. CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION. eab. 2009;9:489–512.
MLA
Akın, Murat vd. “CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION”. Ege Academic Review, c. 9, sy. 2, 2009, ss. 489-12.
Vancouver
Akın M, Çiçek R, Gürbüz E, İnal .E. CETSCALE MEASURE IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND BEHAVIOR INTENTION. eab. 2009;9(2):489-512.