Öz
The study investigates the potential of 3D –printed gears of PA-12 Nylon material which are intended for use in polymer gearing. The gears are made through an additive manufacturing process known SLS (Selective Laser Sintering). Thermal and wear characteristics this set of gears is investigated at varying torque values of 1.6, 2.0, and 2.4 Nm in combination to varying rpm of 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400. The gears are subjected to 1 x 106 load cycles. The gear failed due to a rise in contact surface at 1400 rpm and 2.4 Nm torque. At high torque, there is a decrease in the durability of gear. The specific wear rate is more at low rotational speed in comparison to high speed. At low torque and low rotational speed, there is not any significant sign of failure and gears operate smoothly.
Anahtar Kelimeler
3-D printing Polymer gears Failure behaviour Wear characteristics PA-12 nylon
Kaynakça
- K. Mao, W. Li, C.J. Hooke, D. Walton,Friction and wear behaviour of acetal and nylon gears,Wear,Volume 267, Issues 1–4,2009,Pages 639-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.10.005.
- Adams CE. Plastic gearing: selection and application. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1986.
- Berman B. 3-D printing: the new industrial revolution Business Horizons, vol. 55; 2012. p. 155–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.11.003.
- Wohler’s Report 2013. Additive manufacturing and 3D printing state of the industry wohlers associates. 2013. Fort Collins; CO.
- Kaufai V. Wong, Aldo Hernandez, A Review of Additive Manufacturing, International Scholarly Research Notices, Vol. 2012, Article ID 208760, 10 pages, 2012.
- M. Kalin, A. Kupec, The dominant effect of temperature on the fatigue behaviour of polymer gears, Wear, Volumes 376–377, Part B,2017,Pages 1339-1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.02.003.
- Adams CE, “Plastic gearing: selection and application”, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1986.
- S. Senthilvelan, R. Gnanamoorthy, Effect of rotational speed on the performance of unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced Nylon 6 spur gears, Materials & Design, Volume 28, Issue 3,2007,Pages 765-772.
- Senthilvelan, S, and R Gnanamoorthy. Wear Characteristics of Injection-Moulded Unfilled and Glass-Filled Nylon 6 Spur Gears, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 218, no. 6 (June 2004): 495–502.
- K. Mao, W. Li, C.J. Hooke, D. Walton, Friction and wear behaviour of acetal and nylon gears, Wear, Volume 267, Issues 1–4,2009,Pages 639-645.
- K. Mao, P. Langlois, Z. Hu, K. Alharbi, X. Xu, M. Milson, W. Li, C.J. Hooke, D. Chetwynd, The wear and thermal mechanical contact behaviour of machine cut polymer gears, Wear, Volumes 332–333,2015,Pages 822-826.
- K. Mao, A new approach for polymer composite gear design, Wear, Volume 262, Issues 3–4, 2007, Pages 432-441.
- Mao K, Hooke CJ, Walton D., Acetal gear wear and performance prediction under unlubricated running condition, Journal of Synthetic Lubrication, 2006, 23, 137–52.
- Mao K, Hooke CJ, Walton D., The wear behaviour of polymer composite gears, Journal of Synthetic Lubrication, 1996;12:337–45.
- Hooke, C. J., Mao, K., Walton, D., Breeds, A. R., and Kukureka, S. N. (January 1, 1993). "Measurement and Prediction of the Surface Temperature in Polymer Gears and Its Relationship to Gear Wear." ASME. J. Tribol. January 1993; 115(1): 119–124.
- H. Blok, The flash temperature concept, Wear,Volume 6, Issue 6,1963,Pages 483-494.
- S.M. Evans, P.S. Keogh, Efficiency and running temperature of a polymer–steel spur gear pair from slip/roll ratio fundamentals, Tribology International, Volume 97, 2016, Pages 379-389.
- Senthilvelan, S, and R Gnanamoorthy. “Efficiency of Injection-Moulded Polymer Composite Spur Gears.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 223, no. 6 (June 2009): 925–28. https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET425.
- Choong Hyun Kim,Durability improvement method for plastic spur gears, Tribology International, Volume 39, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 1454-146.
Öz
The study investigates the potential of 3D –printed gears of PA-12 Nylon material which are intended for use in polymer gearing. The gears are made through an additive manufacturing process known SLS (Selective Laser Sintering). Thermal and wear characteristics this set of gears is investigated at varying torque values of 1.6, 2.0, and 2.4 Nm in combination to varying rpm of 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400. The gears are subjected to 1 x 106 load cycles. The gear failed due to a rise in contact surface at 1400 rpm and 2.4 Nm torque. At high torque, there is a decrease in the durability of gear. The specific wear rate is more at low rotational speed in comparison to high speed. At low torque and low rotational speed, there is not any significant sign of failure and gears operate smoothly.
Anahtar Kelimeler
3-D printing Polymer gears Failure behaviour Wear characteristics PA-12 nylon
Kaynakça
- K. Mao, W. Li, C.J. Hooke, D. Walton,Friction and wear behaviour of acetal and nylon gears,Wear,Volume 267, Issues 1–4,2009,Pages 639-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.10.005.
- Adams CE. Plastic gearing: selection and application. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1986.
- Berman B. 3-D printing: the new industrial revolution Business Horizons, vol. 55; 2012. p. 155–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.11.003.
- Wohler’s Report 2013. Additive manufacturing and 3D printing state of the industry wohlers associates. 2013. Fort Collins; CO.
- Kaufai V. Wong, Aldo Hernandez, A Review of Additive Manufacturing, International Scholarly Research Notices, Vol. 2012, Article ID 208760, 10 pages, 2012.
- M. Kalin, A. Kupec, The dominant effect of temperature on the fatigue behaviour of polymer gears, Wear, Volumes 376–377, Part B,2017,Pages 1339-1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.02.003.
- Adams CE, “Plastic gearing: selection and application”, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1986.
- S. Senthilvelan, R. Gnanamoorthy, Effect of rotational speed on the performance of unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced Nylon 6 spur gears, Materials & Design, Volume 28, Issue 3,2007,Pages 765-772.
- Senthilvelan, S, and R Gnanamoorthy. Wear Characteristics of Injection-Moulded Unfilled and Glass-Filled Nylon 6 Spur Gears, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 218, no. 6 (June 2004): 495–502.
- K. Mao, W. Li, C.J. Hooke, D. Walton, Friction and wear behaviour of acetal and nylon gears, Wear, Volume 267, Issues 1–4,2009,Pages 639-645.
- K. Mao, P. Langlois, Z. Hu, K. Alharbi, X. Xu, M. Milson, W. Li, C.J. Hooke, D. Chetwynd, The wear and thermal mechanical contact behaviour of machine cut polymer gears, Wear, Volumes 332–333,2015,Pages 822-826.
- K. Mao, A new approach for polymer composite gear design, Wear, Volume 262, Issues 3–4, 2007, Pages 432-441.
- Mao K, Hooke CJ, Walton D., Acetal gear wear and performance prediction under unlubricated running condition, Journal of Synthetic Lubrication, 2006, 23, 137–52.
- Mao K, Hooke CJ, Walton D., The wear behaviour of polymer composite gears, Journal of Synthetic Lubrication, 1996;12:337–45.
- Hooke, C. J., Mao, K., Walton, D., Breeds, A. R., and Kukureka, S. N. (January 1, 1993). "Measurement and Prediction of the Surface Temperature in Polymer Gears and Its Relationship to Gear Wear." ASME. J. Tribol. January 1993; 115(1): 119–124.
- H. Blok, The flash temperature concept, Wear,Volume 6, Issue 6,1963,Pages 483-494.
- S.M. Evans, P.S. Keogh, Efficiency and running temperature of a polymer–steel spur gear pair from slip/roll ratio fundamentals, Tribology International, Volume 97, 2016, Pages 379-389.
- Senthilvelan, S, and R Gnanamoorthy. “Efficiency of Injection-Moulded Polymer Composite Spur Gears.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 223, no. 6 (June 2009): 925–28. https://doi.org/10.1243/13506501JET425.
- Choong Hyun Kim,Durability improvement method for plastic spur gears, Tribology International, Volume 39, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 1454-146.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 9 Mart 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 5 Temmuz 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3 |
