AN EVALUATION OF THE US DEFENSE CONCEPT OVER THE TURKISH STRAITS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE COLD WAR

Öz

Tarih boyunca, Akdeniz ve çevresi, antik çağlardan beri birçok imparatorluğun merkezi olmuş ve çeşitli medeniyetlere ev sahipliği yapmış, ulusların, devletlerin ve imparatorlukların hâkimiyet kurma mücadelesine tanıklık ederek dış politikalarının belirlenmesinde önemli bir faktör haline gelmiştir. Bölge, Roma, Bizans ve Osmanlı imparatorluklarının oluşumunda ve devamlılığında önemli bir rol oynarken, sömürgeci İngilizler için Asya’daki kolonilerini kontrol etmek adına bir ön koşul olarak görülmüştür. Soğuk Savaş sırasında, enerji taşımacılığındaki artan önemi nedeniyle, bölge hem Amerikalıların hem de Sovyet Rusların dikkatini çekmiş ve burada hâkimiyet kurma yarışına girmişlerdir. Paralel olarak, Türk Boğazları Akdeniz’in anahtarı konumunda olduğundan, Soğuk Savaş aktörlerinin dikkatini Türkiye’ye de yöneltmiştir. Bu makale, esas olarak, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) Soğuk Savaş’ın başlangıcında Türk Boğazları’na olan ilgisini neden artırdığını ve Türkiye’ye yönelik politikalarını incelemektedir. Ayrıca makale, veriler kullanılarak Türk Boğazları’ndaki ABD’nin ekonomik varlığını değerlendirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Türk Boğazları
• Türkiye
• Soğuk Savaş
• ABD
• SSCB.

AN EVALUATION OF THE US DEFENSE CONCEPT OVER THE TURKISH STRAITS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE COLD WAR

Öz

Throughout history, the Mediterranean and its surroundings, the core of many empires and home to several civilizations since antiquity, witnessed nations, states and empires struggle to dominate, thereby becoming an important factor in determining their foreign policies. While the region had an important role in the making and sustaining of the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires, the colonial Britishers saw it as a prerequisite for controlling their colonies in Asia. During the Cold War, it invited attention from the Americans and Soviet Russians alike as they competed to establish their dominance in the region because of its growing importance in energy transportation. Parallelly, with the Turkish straits being key to the Mediterranean, it also brought the attention of Cold War actors to Turkey. This paper mainly examines why the United States (USA) increased its attention over the Turkish Straits and its respective policies toward Turkey at the beginning of the Cold War. Also paper evaluates the economic presence of the USA at the Turkish Straits by using data’.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkey
• Cold War
• USA
• USSR.
• Turkish Straits

Kaynakça

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