Refuse Derived Fuel: Legal Framework, Current Situation in Europe and Turkiye

Öz

In parallel with the rapidly increasing industrialization, increasing amount and volume of solid wastes cause environmental problems. The disposal facilities are inadequate, when the landfilling is applied as a disposal method. In order to reduce the amount of waste that will go to landfill, the member states of the European Union have set targets to increase reduction, recovery and reuse. Recently, due to the insufficiency of energy resources and increasing costs of fossil fuels, waste disposal methods providing energy recovery have gained importance. Disposal of wastes having thermal value as fuel in cement plants is widely applied in developed countries. In this way, the amount of waste to be sent to the landfill is reduced, and an alternative fuel is obtained which can be used as energy source from the wastes with energy potential. In this study, the concept of waste-derived fuel (ATY) has been explained and the legal regulations related to ATY in Europe and in our country have been investigated, the waste potential of our country has been examined and the effects of ATY on the environment and the most important application area of the cement sector have been tried to be revealed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Refuse derived fuel,Regulations,Environmental impact,Cement industry

Atıktan Türetilmiş Yakıt: Yasal Çerçeve, Avrupa’daki ve Türkiye’deki Durum

Öz

Hızla artan endüstrileşmeye paralel olarak, miktar ve hacimce artan katı atıklar, çevresel açıdan problemler meydana getirmekte, atıkların depolanarak bertaraf edilmesi durumunda ise bertaraf tesisleri yetersiz kalmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkeler, düzenli depolamaya gidecek atık miktarını azaltmak için, kaynağında azaltma, geri kazanım ve yeniden kullanımı artırmak konusunda hedefler belirlemişlerdir. Son zamanlarda enerji kaynaklarının yetersizliği ve fosil yakıtların artan maliyetleri dolayısıyla atıkların bertaraf edildiği, aynı zamanda enerji geri kazanımı sağlanabilen metodlar önem kazanmıştır. Isıl değer taşıyan atıkların çimento fabrikalarında yakıt olarak kullanılarak bertaraf edilmesi gelişmiş ülkelerde yaygın bir şekilde uygulanmaktadır. Bu şekilde hem düzenli depolamaya gönderilecek atık miktarı azaltılmakta, hem enerji potansiyeli olan atıklardan enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılabilen alternatif bir yakıt elde edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada atıktan türetilmiş yakıt (ATY) kavramı açıklanmış, Avrupa’da ve ülkemizde ATY ile ilgili yasal düzenlemeler araştırılarak, ülkemizdeki atık potansiyeli incelenmiş, ATY kullanımının çevreye ve en önemli uygulama alanı olan çimento sektörüne etkileri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atıktan türetilmiş yakıt,Yasal düzenleme,Çevresel etki,Çimento sektörü

Kaynakça

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