Okul Doyumu: Kuramsal Bir Çözümleme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 23, 64 - 83, 30.04.2023

Sultan Altunkum Tugay Toğrul Zekeriya Çam

https://doi.org/10.55605/ejedus.1272045

Öz

Okul, öğrencilerin günlük yaşamlarında zamanlarının büyük bölümlerini geçirdikleri ortamlardan biridir. Bu nedenle öğrencilerin okula aidiyet duyguları, okulda temel psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumları ve okul doyumları önem atfedilen psikolojik özelliklerdir. Okul doyumu, öğrencilerin okuldan memnun olma durumlarına yönelik bilişsel, duyuşsal ve davranışsal değerlendirmelerini içermektedir. Bu yönüyle okul doyumu, mutluluğun bir diğer ifadesi olan yaşam doyumunun da önemli bir bileşenini oluşturmaktadır. Pozitif Psikoloji yaklaşımı 2000’li yılların başından bu yana insanların yaşam doyumu, okul doyumu, mutluluk, iyimserlik ve umut gibi olumlu özelliklerine daha fazla ağırlık verilmesine öncülük etmiştir. Bu nedenle okul doyumu geçmişe oranla günümüzde daha fazla dikkate alınan durumlardan biri olmuştur. Çünkü öğrencinin okulda yüksek düzeyde doyum elde etmesi akademik başarısını, uyumunu ve genel iyilik halini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Bu bilgilere dayalı olarak bu araştırmada öğrenciler açısından eğitim ortamında önemli bir psikolojik yapı olan okul doyumu farklı boyutlarıyla ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada öncelikle okul doyumunu açıklayan Ekolojik Kuram, Öz-Belirleme Kuramı ve Pozitif Psikoloji gibi temel kuramlara ilişkin bilgiler sıralanmıştır. Ardından okul doyumunu etkileyen faktörler incelenmiştir. Bu faktörler ekolojik bakış açısını yanıstacak şekilde; okulun bağlamı ile ilgili faktörler, içsel/kişisel özellikler ve daha geniş düzlemde bağlamsal etkiler olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Buna ek olarak okul doyumuna yönelik alanyazında mevcut olan ölçme araçlarının psikometrik özelliklerine yer verilerek bu ölçme araçları tanıtılmıştır. Son olarak Türkiye’de okul doyumunun eğitim sistemi ve kültürel boyutlarıyla önemi ele alınarak konuya ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Okul, okul doyumu, pozitif psikoloji

Kaynakça

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