Comparison of the effects of accelerated aging with different lamps (UV-A and -B) on color and pendulum hardness properties of Russian olive wood treated with UV system varnish
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 11 - 19, 20.04.2022
Ümit Ayata
,
Fatih Tuncay Efe
,
Mutlu Türk
,
Nevzat Çakıcıer
,
Levent Gürleyen
Öz
In this study, the changes in color parameters [(the changes in red color (a*) tone, yellow color (b*) tone and lightnes (L*)] and penduulum hardness values that occurred after 252 hours were investigated by leaving Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) wood with UV system parquet (3 and 5 layers) varnishes used indoors in an artificial aging environment with UV-A 340 and UV-B 313 lamps. According to the results of the research, statistical analysis of variance results were obtained for all tests in both varnish types and both lamp types. After the layers of both varnish types were exposed to 252 hours of aging of both lamp types, L* and b* values decreased while a* values increased. It was determined that the total color difference results of UV-B 313 lamps in both varnish types were higher than that of UV-A 340 lamps. Pendulum hardness values gave different results against different lamps.
Kaynakça
- Ali, K.M.I., Khan, M.A., Rahman, M. (1997). Ultraviolet curing of epoxy coating on wood surface. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 66(10): 1997-2004. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971205)66:10<1997::AID-APP16>3.0.CO;2-S.
- Anderson, E.L., Pawlak, Z., Owen, N.L., Feist, W.C. (1991). Infrared studies of wood weathering. 1: Softwoods, Applied Spectroscopy 45(1991a): 641-647.
- ASTM D 2244-3, (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- ASTM D 4366-95, (1984). Standard test methods for hardness of organic coatings by pendulum test, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
- Ayata Ü., Çakıcıer N., Gürleyen L. (2021b). UV kürlenmeli vernik uygulanmış sedir odununun yapay yaşlandırma uygulaması sonrasında bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi 4(2): basımda. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1005120.
- Ayata Ü., Çakıcıer N., Gürleyen L. (2021d). Kokulu ardıç odunundan UV sistem vernikli parke üretimi denemesi. İleri Mühendislik Çalışmaları ve Teknolojileri Dergisi 2(2).
- Ayata Ü., Çakıcıer N., Gürleyen L. (2021e). UVB-313 lambalarına ait yapay yaşlandırmanın UV sistem vernikli yalancı akasya odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 10(4).
- Ayata, Ü. (2019). Effects of artificial weathering on the surface properties of ultraviolet varnish applied to lemonwood (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.). Bioresources 14(4): 8313-8323. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.4.8313-8323.
- Ayata, Ü., Çavuş, V. (2018). The determination of the surface adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness on the parquets applied UV varnish as single and double layers. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design 6(4): 541-545. DOI: 10.21923/jesd.388346.
- Ayata, Ü., Çakıcıer, N., Gürleyen, L. (2021a). İç mekânda kullanılan UV sistem parke verniği uygulamasına sahip kayısı odununda yapay yaşlandırma performansının belirlenmesi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi 4(1). 40-50. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.922311.
- Ayata, Ü., Esteves, B., Gürleyen, L., Çakıcıer, N., Ferreira, J., Domingos, I., Türk, M. (2021c). Effect of accelerated ageing on some surface properties of UV-coated hackberry (Celtis australis L.) wood parquet. Drevno 64(208). DOI: 10.12841/wood.1644-3985.383.09.
- Ayata, Ü., Gurleyen, L., Esteves, B., Gurleyen, T., Cakicier, N. (2017a). Effect of heat treatment (ThermoWood) on some surface properties of parquet beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) with different layers of UV system applied. BioResources 12(2): 3876-3889. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.2.3876-3889.
- Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, T., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., Çakıcıer, N. (2017b). 212oC’de 2 saat süreyle ısıl işlem görmüş (ThermoWood) ve tek/çift kat UV sistem parke vernik uygulanmış dişbudak (Fraxinus excelsior) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, 5. Uluslararası Mühendislik Ve Bilim Alanında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Mimarlık ve İnşaat Üniversitesi, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim, Bakü, Azerbaycan, 1318-1326.
- Ayata, Ü., Şahin, S., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B. (2018). UV sistem vernik uygulanmış lamine parkelerde yüzeye yapışma direnci üzerine termal yaşlandırmanın etkisi, Multidisipliner Çalışmalar-3 (Sağlık ve Fen Bilimleri), Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi, Birinci Basım, Ocak 2018, Editörler: Rıdvan KARAPINAR, Murat A. KUŞ, Ankara, Türkiye, 301-311. ISBN: 978-605-288-223-8.
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- Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T., Konopka, A. (2017). High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources 12(1): 1861-1870. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870.
- Brennan, P., Fedor, G. (1988). Controlled irradiance in laboratory weathering: Limitations in the state-of-the-art’, in Industrial Fabrics Association International Seminar, November 1988, Reprint (Q-Pancl Company, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, 1990).
- Brischke, C., Alfredsen, G. (2020). Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104: 3781-3795. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10479-1.
- Bulian, F., Graystone Jon, A. (2009). Wood Coatings, Theory and Practice, Elsevier Science Ltd., Amsterdam.
- Cavus, V., Sahin, S., Esteves, B., Ayata, U. (2019). Determination of thermal conductivity properties in some wood species obtained from Turkey. Bioresources 14(3): 6709-6715. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.3.6709-6715.
- Cogulet, A., Blanchet, P., Landry, V. (2016). Wood degradation under UV irradiation: a lignin characterization. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 158: 184-191. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.030.
- Çavuş, V. (2021). Weathering performance of mulberry wood with UV varnish applied and its mechanical properties. BioResources 16(4): 6791-6798. DOI: 10.15376/biores.16.4.6791-6798.
- Dahle, J., Kvam, E. (2003). Induction of delayed mutations and chromosomal instability in fibroblasts after UVA-, UVB-, and X-radiation. Cancer Research 63: 1464-1469.
- de Gruijl, F.R., Sterenborg, H.J., Forbes, P.D., Davies, R.E., Cole, C., Kelfkens, G., van Weelden, H., Slaper, H., Van der Leun, J.C. (1993). Wavelength dependence of skin cancer induction by ultraviolet irradiation of albino hairless mice. Cancer Research 53: 53-60.
- de Meijer, M. (2002). Comparison between laboratory water permeability tests and wood moisture content of full-scale window frames. Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions 85: 131-137.
- de Moura, L.F., Brito, J.O., Nolasco, A.M., Uliana, L.R., De Muniz, G.I.B. (2013). Evaluation of coating perform ance and color stability on thermally rectified Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis woods. Wood Research 58(2): 231-242.
- DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025, (2016). General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. German Institute for Standardization, Berlin, Germany.
- Diffey, B.F. (2002). Sources and measurement of ultraviolet radiation. Methods 28(1): 4-13. DOI: 10.1016/S1046-2023(02)00204-9.
- Fedor, G.R., Brennan, P.J. (1994). Irradiance control in fluorescent UV exposure testers’, in Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials, ASTM STP 1202, Ketola, W.D., and Grossman, D., (American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania, USA) 199-215.
- Gurleyen, L. (2021). Effects of artificial weathering on the color, gloss, adhesion, and pendulum hardness of UV system parquet varnish applied to doussie (Afzelia africana) wood. BioResources 16(1): 1616-1627. DOI: 10.15376/biores.16.1.1616-1627.
- Gurleyen, L., Ayata, U., Esteves, B., Cakicier, N. (2017a). Effects of heat treatment on the adhesion strength, pendulum hardness, surface roughness, color and glossiness of scots pine laminated parquet with two different types of UV varnish application. Maderas-Ciencia y Tecnologia 19(2): 213-224. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000019.
- Gurleyen, L., Ayata, U., Esteves, B., Gurleyen, T., Cakicier, N. (2019). Effects of thermal modification of oak wood upon selected properties of coating systems. Bioresources 14(1): 1838-1849. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.1.1838-1849.
- Gürleyen, L. (2020). UV sistem parke verniği uygulanmış gülibrişim (Albizia julibrissin) odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine yapay yaşlandırmanın etkisi. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi 21(4): 451-460. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.795597.
- Gürleyen, T., Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., Çakıcıer, N. (2017b). Üvez (Sorbus L.) odununa uygulanan tek ve çift kat UV Sistem parke vernik katmanlarında renk, parlaklık ve salınımsal sertlik değerlerinin belirlenmesi, 5. Uluslararası Mühendislik Ve Bilim Alanında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Mimarlık ve İnşaat Üniversitesi, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim, Bakü, Azerbaycan, 1327-1336.
- Hermann, A., Giljean, S., Pac, M.J., Marsiquet, C., Beaufils-Marquet, M., Burr, D., Landry, V. (2021). Understanding indentation, scratch and wear behavior of UV-cured wood finishing products. Progress in Organic Coatings 161: 106504. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106504.
- ISO 4892-3, (2016). Plastics - methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps, The International Organization for Standardization.
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UV sistem vernik uygulanmış iğde odununda renk ve salınımsal sertlik özellikleri üzerine farklı lambalara (UV-A ve -B) sahip hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma etkilerinin karşılaştırılması
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 11 - 19, 20.04.2022
Ümit Ayata
,
Fatih Tuncay Efe
,
Mutlu Türk
,
Nevzat Çakıcıer
,
Levent Gürleyen
Öz
Bu çalışmada, iç mekânda kullanılan UV sistem parke (3 ve 5 kat) vernikleri uygulanmış iğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) odununun UV-A 340 ve UV-B 313 lambalarına sahip yapay yaşlandırma ortamına bırakılması ile 252 saat sonunda meydana gelen renk parametrelerindeki [(kırmızı renk (a*) tonu, sarı renk (b*) tonu ve ışıklılık (L*)] ve salınımsal sertlik değerlerindeki değişimleri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, her iki vernik türünde ve her iki lamba türünde de istatistiki olarak varyans analizi sonuçları bütün testler için anlamlı olarak elde edilmiştir. Her iki vernik türüne ait katmanların, her iki lamba türüne ait 252 saatlik yaşlandırmaya maruz kalmasından sonra L* ve b* değerleri azalırken, a* değerleri artmıştır. Her iki vernik türü içinde UV-B 313 lambalarının toplam renk farkı sonuçları, UV-A 340 lambalarınınkinden yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Salınımsal sertlik değerleri farklı lambalar karşısında farklı sonuçlar vermiştir.
Kaynakça
- Ali, K.M.I., Khan, M.A., Rahman, M. (1997). Ultraviolet curing of epoxy coating on wood surface. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 66(10): 1997-2004. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971205)66:10<1997::AID-APP16>3.0.CO;2-S.
- Anderson, E.L., Pawlak, Z., Owen, N.L., Feist, W.C. (1991). Infrared studies of wood weathering. 1: Softwoods, Applied Spectroscopy 45(1991a): 641-647.
- ASTM D 2244-3, (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- ASTM D 4366-95, (1984). Standard test methods for hardness of organic coatings by pendulum test, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
- Ayata Ü., Çakıcıer N., Gürleyen L. (2021b). UV kürlenmeli vernik uygulanmış sedir odununun yapay yaşlandırma uygulaması sonrasında bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi 4(2): basımda. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1005120.
- Ayata Ü., Çakıcıer N., Gürleyen L. (2021d). Kokulu ardıç odunundan UV sistem vernikli parke üretimi denemesi. İleri Mühendislik Çalışmaları ve Teknolojileri Dergisi 2(2).
- Ayata Ü., Çakıcıer N., Gürleyen L. (2021e). UVB-313 lambalarına ait yapay yaşlandırmanın UV sistem vernikli yalancı akasya odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 10(4).
- Ayata, Ü. (2019). Effects of artificial weathering on the surface properties of ultraviolet varnish applied to lemonwood (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.). Bioresources 14(4): 8313-8323. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.4.8313-8323.
- Ayata, Ü., Çavuş, V. (2018). The determination of the surface adhesion resistance and pendulum hardness on the parquets applied UV varnish as single and double layers. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design 6(4): 541-545. DOI: 10.21923/jesd.388346.
- Ayata, Ü., Çakıcıer, N., Gürleyen, L. (2021a). İç mekânda kullanılan UV sistem parke verniği uygulamasına sahip kayısı odununda yapay yaşlandırma performansının belirlenmesi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi 4(1). 40-50. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.922311.
- Ayata, Ü., Esteves, B., Gürleyen, L., Çakıcıer, N., Ferreira, J., Domingos, I., Türk, M. (2021c). Effect of accelerated ageing on some surface properties of UV-coated hackberry (Celtis australis L.) wood parquet. Drevno 64(208). DOI: 10.12841/wood.1644-3985.383.09.
- Ayata, Ü., Gurleyen, L., Esteves, B., Gurleyen, T., Cakicier, N. (2017a). Effect of heat treatment (ThermoWood) on some surface properties of parquet beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) with different layers of UV system applied. BioResources 12(2): 3876-3889. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.2.3876-3889.
- Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, T., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., Çakıcıer, N. (2017b). 212oC’de 2 saat süreyle ısıl işlem görmüş (ThermoWood) ve tek/çift kat UV sistem parke vernik uygulanmış dişbudak (Fraxinus excelsior) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, 5. Uluslararası Mühendislik Ve Bilim Alanında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Mimarlık ve İnşaat Üniversitesi, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim, Bakü, Azerbaycan, 1318-1326.
- Ayata, Ü., Şahin, S., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B. (2018). UV sistem vernik uygulanmış lamine parkelerde yüzeye yapışma direnci üzerine termal yaşlandırmanın etkisi, Multidisipliner Çalışmalar-3 (Sağlık ve Fen Bilimleri), Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi, Birinci Basım, Ocak 2018, Editörler: Rıdvan KARAPINAR, Murat A. KUŞ, Ankara, Türkiye, 301-311. ISBN: 978-605-288-223-8.
- Ayata, Ü., Bal, B.C. (2019). İzmir’de yetişen iğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) odununda bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 21(3): 751-757. DOI: 10.24011/barofd.589247.
- Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T., Konopka, A. (2017). High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources 12(1): 1861-1870. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870.
- Brennan, P., Fedor, G. (1988). Controlled irradiance in laboratory weathering: Limitations in the state-of-the-art’, in Industrial Fabrics Association International Seminar, November 1988, Reprint (Q-Pancl Company, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, 1990).
- Brischke, C., Alfredsen, G. (2020). Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104: 3781-3795. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10479-1.
- Bulian, F., Graystone Jon, A. (2009). Wood Coatings, Theory and Practice, Elsevier Science Ltd., Amsterdam.
- Cavus, V., Sahin, S., Esteves, B., Ayata, U. (2019). Determination of thermal conductivity properties in some wood species obtained from Turkey. Bioresources 14(3): 6709-6715. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.3.6709-6715.
- Cogulet, A., Blanchet, P., Landry, V. (2016). Wood degradation under UV irradiation: a lignin characterization. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 158: 184-191. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.030.
- Çavuş, V. (2021). Weathering performance of mulberry wood with UV varnish applied and its mechanical properties. BioResources 16(4): 6791-6798. DOI: 10.15376/biores.16.4.6791-6798.
- Dahle, J., Kvam, E. (2003). Induction of delayed mutations and chromosomal instability in fibroblasts after UVA-, UVB-, and X-radiation. Cancer Research 63: 1464-1469.
- de Gruijl, F.R., Sterenborg, H.J., Forbes, P.D., Davies, R.E., Cole, C., Kelfkens, G., van Weelden, H., Slaper, H., Van der Leun, J.C. (1993). Wavelength dependence of skin cancer induction by ultraviolet irradiation of albino hairless mice. Cancer Research 53: 53-60.
- de Meijer, M. (2002). Comparison between laboratory water permeability tests and wood moisture content of full-scale window frames. Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions 85: 131-137.
- de Moura, L.F., Brito, J.O., Nolasco, A.M., Uliana, L.R., De Muniz, G.I.B. (2013). Evaluation of coating perform ance and color stability on thermally rectified Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis woods. Wood Research 58(2): 231-242.
- DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025, (2016). General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. German Institute for Standardization, Berlin, Germany.
- Diffey, B.F. (2002). Sources and measurement of ultraviolet radiation. Methods 28(1): 4-13. DOI: 10.1016/S1046-2023(02)00204-9.
- Fedor, G.R., Brennan, P.J. (1994). Irradiance control in fluorescent UV exposure testers’, in Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials, ASTM STP 1202, Ketola, W.D., and Grossman, D., (American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania, USA) 199-215.
- Gurleyen, L. (2021). Effects of artificial weathering on the color, gloss, adhesion, and pendulum hardness of UV system parquet varnish applied to doussie (Afzelia africana) wood. BioResources 16(1): 1616-1627. DOI: 10.15376/biores.16.1.1616-1627.
- Gurleyen, L., Ayata, U., Esteves, B., Cakicier, N. (2017a). Effects of heat treatment on the adhesion strength, pendulum hardness, surface roughness, color and glossiness of scots pine laminated parquet with two different types of UV varnish application. Maderas-Ciencia y Tecnologia 19(2): 213-224. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000019.
- Gurleyen, L., Ayata, U., Esteves, B., Gurleyen, T., Cakicier, N. (2019). Effects of thermal modification of oak wood upon selected properties of coating systems. Bioresources 14(1): 1838-1849. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.1.1838-1849.
- Gürleyen, L. (2020). UV sistem parke verniği uygulanmış gülibrişim (Albizia julibrissin) odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine yapay yaşlandırmanın etkisi. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi 21(4): 451-460. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.795597.
- Gürleyen, T., Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, L., Esteves, B., Çakıcıer, N. (2017b). Üvez (Sorbus L.) odununa uygulanan tek ve çift kat UV Sistem parke vernik katmanlarında renk, parlaklık ve salınımsal sertlik değerlerinin belirlenmesi, 5. Uluslararası Mühendislik Ve Bilim Alanında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler Sempozyumu, Mimarlık ve İnşaat Üniversitesi, 29 Eylül - 01 Ekim, Bakü, Azerbaycan, 1327-1336.
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