Antimicrobial Activity of Algal Extracts Against Foodborne Pathogens

Öz

Algal biotechnology has been gaining increased attention to be evaluated in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Since proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, pigments and many other important metabolites accumulate in their cells, algae are used by humans as the main nutritional support and food additive for various purposes. Algal bioactive compounds such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, vitamin E, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal and antiviral properties and play an important role in the reduction and prevention of foodborne diseases. Bioactive compounds of microalgae should be investigated in order to develop new pharmaceuticals and to provide chemical and pharmacological innovation. Various microalgae extracts are known to have in-vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal and antibacterial effects of the extracts of U. lactuca macroalgae and C. vulgaris, C. minutissima and C. protothecoides microalgae against Fusarium oxysporum fungal microorganisms and Mycobacterium smegmatis RUT, Proteus mirabilis BC6624 and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC7965 bacterial microorganisms. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were tested on fungal and bacterial microorganisms by using agar disk diffusion method. As a result of this study, the inhibition zone diameter of algae against F. oxysporum was found to be 53.00 mm for C. vulgaris; 59.00 mm for C. minutissima; 54.50 mm for C.protothecoides and 47 mm for U.lactuca at the dose of 20µl/petri on the 6th day of incubation. While P. mirabilis and M. smegmatis were resistant to the extracts of all macro - microalgae species used in the study, A. hydrofila were determined as the sensitive bacteria.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimicrobial activity
• Chlorella sp
• Ulva lactuca
• Foodborne pathogens

Algal Ekstraktların Gıda Kaynaklı Patojenlere Karşı Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi

Öz

Algal biyoteknoloji, ilaç ve nutrasötik endüstrilerde değerlendirilmek üzere gün geçtikçe daha fazla dikkat çekmektedir. Algler hücre içinde biriktirdikleri protein, karbonhidrat, yağ asitleri, vitamin, mineral, pigmentler ve daha pek çok önemli metabolitler ile insanlar tarafından besin desteği ve gıda katkı maddesi olarak değişik amaçlarla kullanılmaktadırlar. Oleik asit, linoleik asit, palmitoleik asit, E vitamini, β-karoten, lutein ve zeaksantin gibi algal biyoaktif bileşikler antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antifungal ve antiviral özelliklere sahip olup, gıda kaynaklı hastalıkların azaltılması ve önlenmesinde önemli rol oynarlar. Yeni farmasötik maddeler geliştirmek ve kimyasal ve farmakolojik yenilik sağlamak için mikroalgal kaynaklı biyoaktif bileşikler araştırılmalıdır. Çeşitli mikroalg ekstraktının patojen mikroorganizmalara karşı in-vitro antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, U. lactuca makroalg ve C. vulgaris, C. minutissima ve C. protothecoides mikroalg ekstraktlarının Fusarium oxysporum fungal mikroorganizmaya karşı antifungal ve Mycobacterium smegmatis RUT, Proteus mirabilis BC6624 ve Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC7965 bakteriyel mikroorganizmalara karşı antibakteriyal etkilerini araştırmaktır. Elde edilen ekstraktların antimikrobiyal etkileri agar disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak fungal ve bakteriyel mikroorganizmalar üzerinde denenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucu olarak, F. oxysporum'a karşı 6. inkübasyonun gününde 20µl / petri dozunda C. vulgaris ekstraktı için 53.00 mm; C. minutissima için 59.00 mm; C.protothecoides için 54.50 mm ve U.lactuca için 47 mm inhibisyon zon çapı gözlenmiştir. P. mirabilis ve M. smegmatis çalışmada kullanılan tüm makro - mikroalg türlerinin ekstraktlarına karşı dirençli bakteriler iken, A. hydrofila duyarlı bakteri olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimikrobiyal aktivite
• Chlorella sp.
• Ulva lactuva
• Gıda patojenleri

Kaynakça

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