Araştırma Makalesi
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Akış durumu, algılanan değer ve destinasyon sadakati arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi: Yürüyüş deneyimi örneği

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 50, 381 - 401, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.48070/erusosbilder.716580

Öz

Günümüz pazarlama koşullarında işletmeler yüksek değer sunabilmek için, ürünlerini deneyimlerle farklılaştırarak ve deneyimleri yöneterek rekabet üstünlüğü elde edebilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, deneyimlerin turistik ürünün temel bir bileşeni olduğu ve akış durumunun da turistik deneyimlerin çoğunda yaşanabileceği ön kabulünden yola çıkılarak, yürüyüş deneyimi özelinde bir tasarım gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın temel amacı, deneyimdeki akış durumu, deneyimin algılanan değeri ve destinasyon sadakati arasındaki ilişkilerin tespit edilerek incelenmesidir. Bu amacı gerçekleştirebilmek için öncelikle literatüre dayalı olarak veri toplama aracı oluşturulmuş ve sonrasında Kapadokya bölgesi’nde yer alan Göreme Tarihi Milli Parkı sınırları içerisinde bireysel ve grup halinde yürüyüş yapan yerli ve yabancı turistlerden veri toplanmıştır. Toplamda analize elverişli 425 veri formu elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile analiz edilmiş ve yürüyüşteki akış durumunun, yürüyüşün algılanan değerini ve destinasyon sadakatini pozitif etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, yürüyüşün algılanan değerinin de destinasyon sadakatine pozitif anlamlı bir etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulguların, konuyla ilgili literatürdeki boşluğun doldurulmasında önemli bir teorik katkı niteliği taşıdığı ifade edilebilir. Bunun yanı sıra, araştırma bulgularından hareketle, turistik deneyimleri tasarlayan işletme ve destinasyon yöneticilerine, turistlerde daha fazla akış yaratabilecek deneyimler oluşturma konusuna odaklanmaları önerilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Adhikari, A., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). Appraisal of literature on customer experience in tourism sector: review and framework. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(4), 296–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1082538
  • Ayazlar, R. A. (2015). Flow phenomenon as a tourist experience in paragliding: A qualitative research. Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 792–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00845-X
  • Bilgihan, A., Nusair, K., Okumus, F., & Cobanoglu, C. (2015). Applying flow theory to booking experiences: An integrated model in an online service context. Information and Management, 52(6), 668–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2015.05.005
  • Boo, S., Busser, J., & Baloglu, S. (2009). A model of customer-based brand equity and its application to multiple destinations. Tourism Management, 30(2), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.06.003
  • Carù, A., & Cova, B. (2003). Revisiting consumption experience: A more humble but complete view of the concept. Marketing Theory, 3(2), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705931030032004
  • Chang, C. C. (2013). Examining users′ intention to continue using social network games: A flow experience perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 30(4), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2012.10.006
  • Chen, J. S., & Gursoy, D. (2001). An investigation of tourists’ destination loyalty and preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(2), 79–85.
  • Chen, J. V., Htaik, S., Hiele, T. B., & Chen, C. (2017). Investigating ınternational tourists’ ıntention to revisit Myanmar based on need gratification, flow experience and perceived risk. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 18(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2015.1133367
  • Chen, Z., & Dubinsky, A. J. (2003). A conceptual model of perceived customer value in e-commerce: A preliminary ınvestigation. Psychology and Marketing, 20(4), 323–347. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.10076
  • Cheng, T. M., & Lu, C. C. (2015). The causal relationships among recreational involvement, flow experience, and well-being for surfing activities. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(sup1), 1486-1504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.999099
  • Cheng, T. M., Hung, S. H., & Chen, M. T. (2016). The ınfluence of leisure ınvolvement on flow experience during hiking activity: Using psychological commitment as a mediate variable. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.1002507
  • Clarke, S. G., & Haworth, J. T. (1994). ‘Flow’ experience in the daily lives of sixth-form college students. British Journal of Psychology, 85(4), 511–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1994.tb02538.x
  • Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., & Hult, G. T. M. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(00)00028-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. S. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness içinde (ss. 15–35). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621956.002
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience (1st ed.). Harper & Row.
  • Çeşmeci, N., & Koçak, G. N. (2018). Yürüyüşteki akış durumunun tespitine yönelik keşifsel bir araştırma ve ölçek önerisi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(4), 60– 76. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.465665
  • de Oliveira Santini, F., Ladeira, W. J., & Sampaio, C. H. (2018). Tourists’ perceived value and destination revisit intentions: The moderating effect of domain-specific innovativeness. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2178
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  • Frochot, I., Elliot, S., & Kreziak, D. (2017). Digging deep into the experience – flow and immersion patterns in a mountain holiday. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 11(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-09-2015-0115
  • Gallarza, M. G., & Saura, I. G. (2006). Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty: An investigation of university students’ travel behaviour. Tourism Management, 27(3), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.12.002
  • Gao, L., & Bai, X. (2014). Online consumer behaviour and its relationship to website atmospheric induced flow: Insights into online travel agencies in China. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(4), 653–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.01.001
  • Grewal, D., Monroe, K. B., & Krishnan, R. (1998). The effects of price-comparison advertising on buyers’ perceptions of acquisition value, transaction value, and behavioral intentions. The Journal of Marketing, 62(April), 46–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252160
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (2. Baskı). Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis : A global perspective. (Seventh Ed). https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Multivariate_Data_Analysis.html?id=SLRPLgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
  • Hirschman, E. C., & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing, 46(3), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251707
  • Holbrook, M. B. (2000). The millennial consumer in the texts of our times: Experience and entertainment. Journal of Macromarketing, 20(2), 178–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146700202008
  • Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1086/208906
  • Jin, N. P., Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2015). The effect of experience quality on perceived value, satisfaction, image and behavioral intention of water park patrons: New versus repeat visitors. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1968
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri (4. Baskı). Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kastenholz, E., & Rodrigues, Á. (2007). Discussing the potential benefits of hiking tourism in Portugal. Anatolia, 18(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2007.9687033
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Examining the relations among flow state, perceived value and destination loyalty: The case of hiking experience

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 50, 381 - 401, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.48070/erusosbilder.716580

Öz

In today's marketing environment, businesses are able to achieve competitive advantage mostly by differentiating their products with experiences and managing those experiences in order to offer high value. In this study it’s assumed that the core product of tourism is experience and in the most of touristic experiences the flow state occurs. The study was designed in the context of a hiking experience. The main objective of the research was to examine the relations between flow state in hiking, perceived value and destination loyalty. Based on research objective and on the literature review, questionnaires were designed and used to collect data. Data were collected from local and foreign hiking groups and individual hikers at Göreme Historical National Park in Turkey’s Cappadocia region. A total of 425 respondents contributed data to the study in a usable format. By applying structural equation modelling, it was found that the flow state in hiking has a strong positive effect on perceived value and on destination loyalty. Besides that, it was also found that perceived value of hiking has a positive effect on destination loyalty. Based on these findings, it can be stated that this research brings an important theoretical contribution to filling the gap in the literature on the subject. Furthermore, business and destination managers who design experiences are advised to focus on providing experiences that can create more flow for tourists.

Kaynakça

  • Adhikari, A., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). Appraisal of literature on customer experience in tourism sector: review and framework. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(4), 296–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1082538
  • Ayazlar, R. A. (2015). Flow phenomenon as a tourist experience in paragliding: A qualitative research. Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 792–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00845-X
  • Bilgihan, A., Nusair, K., Okumus, F., & Cobanoglu, C. (2015). Applying flow theory to booking experiences: An integrated model in an online service context. Information and Management, 52(6), 668–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2015.05.005
  • Boo, S., Busser, J., & Baloglu, S. (2009). A model of customer-based brand equity and its application to multiple destinations. Tourism Management, 30(2), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.06.003
  • Carù, A., & Cova, B. (2003). Revisiting consumption experience: A more humble but complete view of the concept. Marketing Theory, 3(2), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/14705931030032004
  • Chang, C. C. (2013). Examining users′ intention to continue using social network games: A flow experience perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 30(4), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2012.10.006
  • Chen, J. S., & Gursoy, D. (2001). An investigation of tourists’ destination loyalty and preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(2), 79–85.
  • Chen, J. V., Htaik, S., Hiele, T. B., & Chen, C. (2017). Investigating ınternational tourists’ ıntention to revisit Myanmar based on need gratification, flow experience and perceived risk. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 18(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2015.1133367
  • Chen, Z., & Dubinsky, A. J. (2003). A conceptual model of perceived customer value in e-commerce: A preliminary ınvestigation. Psychology and Marketing, 20(4), 323–347. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.10076
  • Cheng, T. M., & Lu, C. C. (2015). The causal relationships among recreational involvement, flow experience, and well-being for surfing activities. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(sup1), 1486-1504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.999099
  • Cheng, T. M., Hung, S. H., & Chen, M. T. (2016). The ınfluence of leisure ınvolvement on flow experience during hiking activity: Using psychological commitment as a mediate variable. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.1002507
  • Clarke, S. G., & Haworth, J. T. (1994). ‘Flow’ experience in the daily lives of sixth-form college students. British Journal of Psychology, 85(4), 511–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1994.tb02538.x
  • Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., & Hult, G. T. M. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(00)00028-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. S. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness içinde (ss. 15–35). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621956.002
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience (1st ed.). Harper & Row.
  • Çeşmeci, N., & Koçak, G. N. (2018). Yürüyüşteki akış durumunun tespitine yönelik keşifsel bir araştırma ve ölçek önerisi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(4), 60– 76. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.465665
  • de Oliveira Santini, F., Ladeira, W. J., & Sampaio, C. H. (2018). Tourists’ perceived value and destination revisit intentions: The moderating effect of domain-specific innovativeness. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2178
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  • Frochot, I., Elliot, S., & Kreziak, D. (2017). Digging deep into the experience – flow and immersion patterns in a mountain holiday. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 11(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-09-2015-0115
  • Gallarza, M. G., & Saura, I. G. (2006). Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty: An investigation of university students’ travel behaviour. Tourism Management, 27(3), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.12.002
  • Gao, L., & Bai, X. (2014). Online consumer behaviour and its relationship to website atmospheric induced flow: Insights into online travel agencies in China. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(4), 653–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.01.001
  • Grewal, D., Monroe, K. B., & Krishnan, R. (1998). The effects of price-comparison advertising on buyers’ perceptions of acquisition value, transaction value, and behavioral intentions. The Journal of Marketing, 62(April), 46–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252160
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (2. Baskı). Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis : A global perspective. (Seventh Ed). https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Multivariate_Data_Analysis.html?id=SLRPLgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
  • Hirschman, E. C., & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing, 46(3), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251707
  • Holbrook, M. B. (2000). The millennial consumer in the texts of our times: Experience and entertainment. Journal of Macromarketing, 20(2), 178–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146700202008
  • Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1086/208906
  • Jin, N. P., Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2015). The effect of experience quality on perceived value, satisfaction, image and behavioral intention of water park patrons: New versus repeat visitors. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1968
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri (4. Baskı). Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kastenholz, E., & Rodrigues, Á. (2007). Discussing the potential benefits of hiking tourism in Portugal. Anatolia, 18(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2007.9687033
  • Kaya, B., Metin, T., & Akoğlan Kozak, M. (2015). Kapalı rekreasyon tesislerinde kullanıcıların akış deneyimi. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 12(2), 6–25.
  • Khalifa, A. S. (2004). Customer value: A review of recent literature and an integrative configuration. Management Decision, 42(5), 645–666. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740410538497
  • Kim, H., Lee, S., Uysal, M., Kim, J., & Ahn, K. (2015). Nature-based tourism: Motivation and subjective well-being. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 32(sup1), S76–S96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.997958
  • Kim, M., & Thapa, B. (2018). Perceived value and flow experience: Application in a nature-based tourism context. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 8(August 2017), 373–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.08.002
  • Kim, Y. H., Kim, M., & Goh, B. K. (2011). An examination of food tourist’s behavior: Using the modified theory of reasoned action. Tourism Management, 32(5), 1159–1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.10.006
  • Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 205–223.
  • Kuo, N. T., Chang, K. C., Cheng, Y. S., & Lin, J. C. (2016). Effects of tour guide interpretation and tourist satisfaction on destination loyalty in Taiwan’s Kinmen Battlefield Tourism: Perceived playfulness and perceived flow as moderators. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33, 1–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2015.1008670
  • Lee, C. K., Bendle, L. J., Yoon, Y. S., & Kim, M. J. (2012). Thanatourism or peace tourism: Perceived value at a North Korean resort from an indigenous perspective. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(1), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.836
  • Lee, C. K., Lee, Y. K., & Lee, B. K. (2005). Korea’s destination image formed by the 2002 World Cup. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 839–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.11.006
  • Lee, T. H., & Yoo, J. K. (2011). A study on flow experience structures: Enhancement or death, prospects for the korean wave. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 28(4), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.571578
  • Luna, D., Peracchio, L. A., & De Juan, M. D. (2002). Cross-cultural and cognitive aspects of web site navigation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(4), 397–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/009207002236913
  • Mannell, R. C., & Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1987). Psychological nature of leisure and tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 14(3), 314–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160- 7383(87)90105-8
  • Mao, I. Y., & Zhang, H. Q. (2014). Structural relationships among destination preference, satisfaction and loyalty in Chinese tourists to Australia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(2), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1919
  • McLellan, H. (2000). Experience design. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 3(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493100316238
  • Mills, A. S., & Butler, T. S. (2005). Flow experience among appalachian trail thru-hikers. Proceedings of the 2005 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, 366–371. USDA Forest Service.
  • Moneta, G. B. (2004). The flow experience across cultures. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(July 2001), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOHS.0000035913.65762.b5
  • Mossberg, L. (2007). A marketing approach to the tourist experience. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250701231915
  • Oh, H., Fiore, A. M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: Tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507304039
  • Oppermann, M. (2000). Tourism destination loyalty. Journal of Travel Research, 39(1), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003900110
  • Özkara, B. Y., & Özmen, M. (2016). Akış deneyimine ilişkin kavramsal bir model önerisi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 11(3), 71–100. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.272248
  • Petrick, J. F. (2004). The roles of quality, value, and satisfaction in predicting cruise passengers’ behavioral intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504263037
  • Petrick, J. F., & Backman, S. J. (2002). An examination of the construct of perceived value for the prediction of golf travelers’ intentions to revisit. Journal of Travel Research, 41(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750204100106
  • Pine, J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(4), 97–105.
  • Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2003). The new frontier of experience innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(4), 12–18.
  • Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2004). Co-creating unique value with customers. Strategy & Leadership, 32(3), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570410699249
  • Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1–3), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725799784870496
  • Schmitt, B. (2010). Experience marketing: Concepts, frameworks and consumer insights. Foundations and Trends® in Marketing, 5(2), 55–112. https://doi.org/10.1561/1700000027
  • Sénécal, S., Gharbi, J.-E., & Nantel, J. (2002). The ınfluence of flow on hedonic and utilitarian shopping values. Advances in Consumer Research, 29(1), 483–484.
  • Song, H. J., Lee, C. K., Park, J. A., Hwang, Y. H., & Reisinger, Y. (2015). The influence of tourist experience on perceived value and satisfaction with temple stays: The experience economy theory. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 32(4), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.898606
  • Tsaur, S. H., Yen, C. H., & Hsiao, S. L. (2013). Transcendent experience, flow and happiness for mountain climbers. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(4), 360–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1881
  • Uriely, N. (2005). The tourist experience. Conceptual developments. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 199–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.07.008
  • Wang, L. C., Baker, J., Wagner, J. A., & Wakefield, K. (2007). Can a retail web site be social? Journal of Marketing, 71(3), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.3.143
  • Wöran, B., & Arnberger, A. (2012). Exploring relationships between recreation specialization, restorative environments and mountain hikers’ flow experience. Leisure Sciences, 34(2), 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2012.652502
  • Wu, C. H. J., & Liang, R. D. (2011). The relationship between white-water rafting experience formation and customer reaction: A flow theory perspective. Tourism Management, 32(2), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.001
  • Wu, C. H. J., Li, H. J., & Chiu, C. W. (2014). Understanding consumer responses to travel websites from online shopping value and flow experience perspectives. Tourism Economics, 20(5), 1087–1103. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0326
  • Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2003.08.016
  • Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2–22. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251446
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler / Articles
Yazarlar

Nihat Çeşmeci 0000-0003-0736-4133

Göknil Nur Koçak 0000-0002-1574-4403

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi 7 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 50

Kaynak Göster

APA Çeşmeci, N., & Koçak, G. N. (2020). Akış durumu, algılanan değer ve destinasyon sadakati arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi: Yürüyüş deneyimi örneği. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(50), 381-401. https://doi.org/10.48070/erusosbilder.716580

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