Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Yaşam Becerilerine Yönelik Bilişsel Yapılarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada ortaokul öğrencilerinin yaşam becerilerine yönelik bilişsel yapılarının ve bilgi durumlarının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini 189 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kelime İlişkilendirme Testi (KİT) kullanılmıştır. Testi oluşturmak amacıyla yaşam becerilerini oluşturan altı anahtar kavrama (iletişim, takım çalışması, girişimcilik, yaratıcılık, karar verme, analitik düşünme) yer verilmiştir. KİT’in analiz sürecinde, her bir anahtar kelime için ilişkilendirilen kelimelerin ya da kavramların tekrar sayısını gösteren bir frekans tablosu oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan frekans tablosu baz alınarak ortaokul öğrencilerinin bilişsel yapılarını ortaya koyan kavram ağları çizilmiştir. Bu araştırma sonucunda, ortaokul öğrencilerinin yaşam becerilerine ilişkin kavramlar hakkında yeterince kelime üretemedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle yaratıcı düşünme ve karar verme kavramlarıyla ilgili cevap veren öğrenci sayısının oldukça sınırlı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğrencilerin yaşam becerileri kavramlarına yönelik bilişsel yapılarındaki kavram çeşitliliğinin ve yaşam becerilerine ilişkin kavramsal bilgilerinin farklı derslerde uygulamalı etkinliklerle geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişsel yapı
• ortaokul öğrencileri
• yaşam becerileri

An Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Cognitive Structures in the Subject of Life Skills

Öz

The aim of this research is to reveal the cognitive structures and explanation situations of secondary school students for life skills. The study is a descriptive survey model in quantitative research methods. The sample of the study consisted of 189 secondary school students. The Word Association Test (WAT) was used as the data collection tool. Six keywords (communication, entrepreneurship, teamwork, creativity, analytical thinking, and decision-making) that form life skills were included in order to create the WAT. In the analysis process of WAT, a frequency table has been made to show which words or concepts are repeated for which keyword. According to the frequency table, a conceptual relational network that revealed the cognitive structures of secondary school students was drawn. It was determined that secondary school students could not produce enough words regarding life skills concepts. The number of students who gave answers especially about creative thinking and decision-making concepts was quite limited. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to develop the diversity of concepts in students' cognitive structures for life skills concepts and their conceptual knowledge of life skills with applied activities in different courses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cognitive structures
• secondary school students
• life skills

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