Araştırma Makalesi

Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2 31 Ağustos 2019
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Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Öz

XPS has been extensively used to characterize the surface chemistry of materials. It plays a unique role in giving access to qualitative, semi-quantitative/quantitative information as well as speciation and the presence of chemical functional groups on the surface of any material. PCA is the analysis of variability in a particular set of data. The first principal component accounts for as much of the variability in the data as possible and has the largest eigenvalue. Large image data sets obtained by XPS can be analyzed using PCA in order to extract the most significant information. The goal of PCA in an area scan of XPS is to find images which are correlated or anti-correlated. Images are acquired as a function of binding energy in an images-to-spectra experiment. Small area spectra can be obtained from any part of the sample by plotting image pixel intensity for a single pixel or a group of pixels versus binding energy. In the present study, the graphene-based material was synthesized via oxidation of graphite by Brodie Method. Then, chemical mapping has been produced with PCA on the basis of spectral information. For this purpose, XPS area scan has been performed and then the data sets were subjected to PCA in order to present the compositional inhomogeneities on the surface of synthesized graphene-based material.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Abdi, H., & Williams, L. J. (2010). Principal component analysis. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: computational statistics, 2(4), 433-459.
  2. Artyushkova, K., & Fulghum, J. E. (2001). Identification of chemical components in XPS spectra and images using multivariate statistical analysis methods. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 121(1), 33-55.
  3. Artyushkova, K., & Fulghum, J. E. (2002). Multivariate image analysis methods applied to XPS imaging data sets. Surface and interface analysis, 33(3), 185-195. Artyushkova, K., & Fulghum, J. E. (2004). Mathematical topographical correction of XPS images using multivariate statistical methods. Surface and interface analysis, 36(9), 1304-1313.
  4. Barlow, A. J., Scott, O., Sano, N., & Cumpson, P. J. (2015). Multivariate Auger Feature Imaging (MAFI)–a new approach towards chemical state identification of novel carbons in XPS imaging. Surface and interface analysis, 47(2), 173-175.
  5. Béchu, S., Richard‐Plouet, M., Fernandez, V., Walton, J., & Fairley, N. (2016). Developments in numerical treatments for large data sets of XPS images. Surface and interface analysis.
  6. Briggs, D., & Grant, J. T. (2003). Surface analysis by Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: IM publications.
  7. Brodie, B. C. (1859). On the atomic weight of graphite. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 149, 249-259.
  8. Cumpson, P. J., Fletcher, I. W., Burnett, R., Sano, N., Barlow, A. J., Portoles, J. F., . . . Kiang, A. S. H. (2016). Multispectral optical imaging combined in situ with XPS or ToFSIMS and principal component analysis. Surface and interface analysis, 48(13), 1370-1378.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Mühendislik

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Ağustos 2019

Gönderilme Tarihi

29 Kasım 2018

Kabul Tarihi

11 Temmuz 2019

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2019 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Erdoğan, A., Aktürk, M., & Dursun, Z. (2019). Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 12(2), 820-832. https://izlik.org/JA83RZ74RS
AMA
1.Erdoğan A, Aktürk M, Dursun Z. Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology. 2019;12(2):820-832. https://izlik.org/JA83RZ74RS
Chicago
Erdoğan, Ayşegül, Merve Aktürk, ve Zekerya Dursun. 2019. “Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)”. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2): 820-32. https://izlik.org/JA83RZ74RS.
EndNote
Erdoğan A, Aktürk M, Dursun Z (01 Ağustos 2019) Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology 12 2 820–832.
IEEE
[1]A. Erdoğan, M. Aktürk, ve Z. Dursun, “Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)”, Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, c. 12, sy 2, ss. 820–832, Ağu. 2019, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA83RZ74RS
ISNAD
Erdoğan, Ayşegül - Aktürk, Merve - Dursun, Zekerya. “Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)”. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology 12/2 (01 Ağustos 2019): 820-832. https://izlik.org/JA83RZ74RS.
JAMA
1.Erdoğan A, Aktürk M, Dursun Z. Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology. 2019;12:820–832.
MLA
Erdoğan, Ayşegül, vd. “Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)”. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, c. 12, sy 2, Ağustos 2019, ss. 820-32, https://izlik.org/JA83RZ74RS.
Vancouver
1.Ayşegül Erdoğan, Merve Aktürk, Zekerya Dursun. Chemical Mapping of Graphene-Based Material with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology [Internet]. 01 Ağustos 2019;12(2):820-32. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA83RZ74RS