TARIM ALANLARINDA VE ÖZELLİKLE ZEYTİNLİK ALANLARDA MADEN İŞLETME FAALİYETLERİNİN GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLMESİ NE DERECE MÜMKÜNDÜR: İŞLETMELERİN ÇÖZÜM BEKLENTİSİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 183 - 208, 28.05.2021

Taşkın Deniz Yıldız Orhan Kural Zehreddin Aslan

Öz

Maden işletme sahalarıyla tarım sahalarının çakışması sıkça yaşanabilmektedir. Tarım alanlarında madencilik konusunda en çok sorunlar zeytinlik alanlarda yaşanmaktadır. Maden alanları ile zeytin alanlarının çakışması halinde “Zeytinciliğin Islahı ve Yabanilerinin Aşılattırılması Hakkındaki Kanun” dikkate alınmaktadır. 1995 yılında bu Kanunun 20. maddesinin 1. fıkrasında yapılan değişiklik sonucunda, “Zeytinlik sahaları içinde ve bu sahalara en az 3 km mesafede zeytinyağı fabrikası hariç zeytinliklerin vegatatif ve generatif gelişmesine mani olacak kimyevi atık bırakan, toz ve duman çıkaran tesis yapılamaz ve işletilemez” hükmü öngörülmüştür. Ancak, uygulamada; gerçekleştirilecek madenciliğin zeytinliklerin vegatatif ve generatif gelişmesine engel olup olmayacağı incelenmeksizin, 3 km mesafe içerisinde madencilik faaliyetlerine izin verilmediği görülmektedir. Böylece, engellenmiş bu alanlar bir araya getirildiğinde Türkiye’de madencilik gerçekleştirilebilecek sahalar büyük ölçüde daralmıştır. Madencilikle zeytinciliği kıyaslayarak, madenciliğin zeytincilikten daha üstün olduğu ya da bunun aksini ileri sürmek yanlış bir yaklaşımdır. Zeytincilik ve madencilik ülkelerin ekonomisi için devam ettirilmesi mecburi iki farklı ekonomik faaliyettir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma için bu faaliyetlerin birbirlerini engellemeden sürdürülmesi gerekmektedir. Dünyada Akdenize kıyısı bulunan zeytincilik sektöründe gelişmiş ülkelerin bu konudaki uygulamaları dikkate alınarak Türk maden mevzuatında gereken düzenlemelerin yapılması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arazi, Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi, Hukuk, İşletme, Madencilik, Mevzuat

TO WHAT EXTENT IS IT POSSIBLE TO CONDUCT MINING ACTIVITIES IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS AND ESPECIALLY OLIVE GROVES: SOLUTION EXPECTATIONS OF ENTERPRISES

Öz

Overlapping of mining areas and agricultural areas can occur frequently. In agricultural areas, the most common problems in mining occur in olive groves. In the case of overlapping of mining areas and olive fields, the “Law on Breeding of Olives and Vaccination of Wilds” (Olive Law) is taken into consideration. As a result of the amendment made in Article 20 (1) of this Law in 1995, the following provision was envisaged: “Except for the olive oil factory located within the olive grove and at least 3 kilometers (km) from these fields, the facility that leaves chemical waste, dust and fumes that can prevent the vegetative and generative development of olive groves cannot be built and operated.” However, in practice, it is observed that mining is not allowed within 3 km without examining whether mining will prevent the vegetative and generative development of olive groves. Thus, when these banned areas are brought together, the areas where mining can be done in Turkey have been narrowed to a great extent. It is an erroneous approach to suggest that mining is superior to olive cultivation and vice versa compared to mining and olive cultivation. Olive and mining are two different economic activities that must be maintained for the country's economy. For sustainable development, these activities need to be continued without hindering each other. It is expected for necessary regulations to be made in the Turkish mining legislation by taking the applications of the countries, which have a coast to the Mediterranean and are developed in terms of olive industry, into account.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental impact assessment, Land, Law, Legislation, Operation, Mining

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