COAL WORKERS’ PNEUMOCONIOSIS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LIGNITE AND HARD COAL MINE WORKERS

Öz

Physical and chemical properties of coal and its relationship with coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) have been studied previously. However definitive conclusions have not been reached, primarily due to the complex nature of coal mine dust. It remains unclear exactly which properties of coal mine dust related to the grade of coal cause differences in the exposure–response relationship. The aim of the study is to identify the coal mine environmental factors, and personal factors affecting the severity of CWP. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study and included total of 116 coal mine workers diagnosed as CWP in a tertiary hospital between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2021. Of the cases, 77 (66.4%) worked in a hard coal mine and 39 (33.6%) worked in a lignite mine, and mean age was 60.2 ± 11.5 years. There was a significantly higher prevalence of concomitant pulmonary disease in hard coal mine workers compared to lignite mine workers (p= 0.005). In addition, the prevalence of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) was higher in hard coal mine workers compared to lignite mine workers, and a statistically significant difference was found (p= 0.004). The value of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were significantly lower in hard coal mine workers than in lignite mine workers (p= 0.005, p= 0.002). As a conclusion, concomitant lung disease, presence of PMF and impairment in lung functions, which are important causes of mortality and morbidity for CWP, were found to be more common in hard coal mine workers than in lignite mine workers. Therefore, taking into account the type of coal mine while making protective arrangements to prevent pneumoconiosis in coal mines may contribute to reduce the burden of CWP.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pneumoconiosis
• coal workers’ pneumoconiosis
• hard coal mine
• lignite mine

Kömür İşçisi Pnömokonyozu: Linyit ve taşkömürü madeni işçilerinin karşılaştırılmalı analizi

Öz

Kömürün fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile kömür işçisi pnömokonyozu (KİP) gelişimi arasındaki ilişki daha önce incelenmiştir. Ancak, özelikle kömür madeni tozunun karmaşık yapısı nedeniyle kesin sonuçlara ulaşılamamıştır. Kömürün derecesi ile ilgili olarak kömür madeni tozunun hangi özelliklerinin doz-cevap ilişkisinde farklılıklara neden olduğuna dair bilgi halen belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada KİP ağırlığını etkileyen, kömür madeni ortam özelliklerini ve kişisel faktörleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma retrospektif kesitsel bir çalışma olup 1 Ocak 2014 ile 31 Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak bir sağlık kuruluşunda KİP tanısı alan toplam 116 kömür madeni işçisi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Olguların 77'si (%66,4) taşkömürü madeninde, 39'u (%33,6) linyit madeninde çalışmakta olup yaş ortalaması 60.2 ± 11.5 idi. Taşkömürü madeni işçilerinde linyit madeni işçilerine kıyasla eşlik eden akciğer hastalığı önemli ölçüde daha yüksek saptandı (p= 0.005). Taşkömürü madeni işçilerinde linyit madeni işçilerine kıyasla progresif masif fibrozis (PMF) prevelansı yüksek olup istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (p= 0.004). FEV1 ve FEV1/FVC değerleri taşkömürü madeni işçilerinde linyit madeni işçilerine göre daha düşüktü (p= 0.005, p= 0.002). Sonuç olarak KİP için önemli mortalite ve morbidite nedenlerinden olan, eşlik eden akciğer hastalığı, PMF varlığı ve akciğer fonksiyonlarında bozukluk taşkömürü madeni işçilerinde linyit madeni işçilerine göre daha fazla saptanmıştır. Bu nedenle, kömür madenlerinde pnömokonyozu önlemeye yönelik koruyucu düzenlemeler yapılırken, kömür madeni türünin de dikkate alınması, KİP yükünün azaltılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pnömokonyoz
• kömür işçisi pnömokonyozu
• taşkömürü madeni
• linyit madeni

Kaynakça

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