COVID-19 VE HAVA KİRLİLİĞİ; KARANTİNA BOYUNCA NE OLDU?

Öz

Devam eden koronovirüs salgınına yanıt olarak Çin’de başta olmak üzere birçok ülkede geçici olarak temel hizmetler haricinde tüm faaliyetlerin durdurulması, işyerlerinin kapatılması, endüstriyel üretimin durması ve sokağa çıkmada kısıtlamalar uygulamaya konulmuştur. Karantina önlemleri salgının kontrol alınmasını kolaylaştırmakla birlikte çevre üzerinde de bir takım değişikliklere neden olmuştur. İnsan hareketliliğinin ve ilgili üretim faaliyetlerinin azalması hava kalitesinde iyileşmeye yol açmıştır. Ekolojik olarak tasarladığımız çalışmada ölçümsel veriler için; ortanca (minimum-maksimum), Q1 (birinci çeyrek), Q3 (üçüncü çeyrek) kullanılmıştır. Veriler normal dağılıma uymadığı için bağımlı grupların karşılaştırılmasında Wilcoxon analizi kullanılmıştır. Biz bu çalışmada 79 ülkeden PM2.5 ve PM10 düzeyini ölçen istasyonların (sırasıyla; 31.878, 42.043 istasyon) verilerini kullanarak; 2019 yılı ve 2020 yılının ilk 5 ayını (Ocak, Şubat, Mart, Nisan, Mayıs) karşılaştırdık. Ülkelerin 2020 yılı Şubat, Nisan ve Mayıs aylarındaki PM2.5 ve PM10 değerlerinin 2019 yılının aynı aylarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalmanın olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P<0,001). Ülkeler arasında PM2.5 düzeyinin azalması Kazakistan’da 36 μg/m3 (%46,15) ve Moğalistan’da 61 μg/m3 (%37,42) olarak belirlenmiştir. PM10 düzeyinde azalma ise Peru’da 20 μg/m3 (%44,44) ve Hindistan’da 23 μg/m3 (%28,05) olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Geçici kısıtlamalar ve onun dolaylı etkileri (sanayi, üretim, ulaşımda azalma vb.) ülkelerin hava kirliliği parametrelerinin düşmesine yol açmış olabilir. İleri çalışmalarda ülke özelinde ayrıntılı analizler yapmak faydalı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Koronovirüs
• hava kirliliği
• partiküler madde

COVID-19 AND AIR POLLUTION; WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE RESTRICTIONS?

Öz

In response to the ongoing coronavirus outbreak, all activities except basic services were temporarily halted in many countries, businesses were closed, industrial production was halted and restrictions were imposed on going to the streets. While quarantine measures made it easier to control the outbreak, it also caused some changes to the environment. The decrease in human mobility and related production activities led to an improvement in air quality. In our ecologically designed study, median (minimum-maximum), Q1 (first quarter), Q3 (third quarter) were used for measurement data. Wilcoxon analysis was used to compare dependent groups because the data did not match the normal distribution. In this study, we used the data of the stations measuring PM2.5 and PM10 from 79 countries (31.878, 42.043 stations respectively); We compared the first 5 months (January, February, March, April, May) of 2019 and 2020. It was determined that there was a statistically significant decrease in the PM2.5 and PM10 values of the countries in February, April, and May of 2020 compared to the same months of 2019 (P <0,001). The decrease in PM2.5 level between countries was determined as 36 μg / m3 (46.15%) in Kazakhstan and 61 μg / m3 (37.42%) in Mongolia. The reduction in PM10 level was 20 μg / m3 (44.44%) in Peru and 23 μg / m3 (28.05%) in India. We think that temporary restrictions and their indirect effects (decrease in industry, production, transportation, etc.) may have caused the air pollution parameters of the countries to decrease. In further studies, it may be beneficial to make detailed analyzes specific to the country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Coronavirus
• air pollution
• particulate matter

Kaynakça

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