COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE EKSİKLİĞİ ORTAYA ÇIKAN BİR GERÇEK: SAĞLIK OKURYAZARLIĞI

Öz

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) sağlık okuryazarlığını (SOY); bireylerin sağlığını korumak ve geliştirmek için bilgiye ulaşma, anlama, bu bilgiyi kullanma konusundaki bilişsel-sosyal beceriler ve motivasyon düzeyleri olarak tanımlamıştır. Aralık 2019’da Çin’de başlayan COVID-19 hastalığı kısa zamanda tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alarak pandemiye dönüşmüştür. Bu süreçte SOY seviyesi salgın ile ilgili bilgi edinme tutum ve davranış geliştirmede etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışmada SOY bakış açısıyla güncel literatür ışığında pandemi süreci değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık okuryazarlığı
• COVID-19
• pandemi

A FACT DISCOVERED TO BE INADEQUATE DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK PROCESS: HEALTH LITERACY

Öz

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health literacy (HL) as the cognitive-social skills and motivation levels in obtaining, understanding, and using the information to protect and improve the health of the individuals. The COVID-19 epidemic, which started in China in December 2019, transformed into a pandemic in a short amount of time with an impact all over the world. In this process, the HL level was effective in developing attitudes and behaviors in obtaining information about the outbreak. This study evaluates the process of the pandemic within the scope of the current literature from the perspective of HL.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health literacy
• COVID-19
• pandemic

Kaynakça

1. 1. WHO. Health literacy: The solid facts. 2013.
2. 2. Ratzan SC. Health literacy: communication for the public good. Health promotion international. 2001;16(2):207-14.
3. 3. Organization WH. Promoting health in the SDGs: Report on the 9th Global conference for health promotion, Shanghai, China, 21–24 November 2016: all for health, health for all. World Health Organization; 2017.
4. 4. Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyi ve İlişkili Faktörleri Araştırması Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlığın Geliştirilmesi Genel Müdürlüğü; 2018 [cited 2020 Sep 22]; Available from: https://dosyamerkez.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/31374,turkiye-saglik-okuryazarligi-duzeyi-ve-iliskili-faktorleriarastirmasipdf.pdf?0.
5. 5. Sørensen K, Pelikan JM, Röthlin F, Ganahl K, Slonska Z, Doyle G, et al. Health literacy in Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). European journal of public health. 2015;25(6):1053-8.
6. 6. Kutner M, Greenburg E, Jin Y, Paulsen C. The Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. NCES 2006-483. National Center for Education Statistics. 2006.
7. 7. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı 2019-2023 Stratejik Planı: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; [cited 2020 Sep 22]; Available from: https://stratejikplan.saglik.gov.tr/files/TC-Saglik-Bakanligi-2019-2023-Stratejik-Plan-Web-Katalog.pdf#zoom=55.
8. 8. Nutbeam D. Discussion paper on promoting, measuring and implementing health literacy-implications for policy and practice in non-communicable disease prevention and control. World Health Organ. 2017:1-29.

9. 9. Baker DW, Gazmararian JA, Williams MV, Scott T, Parker RM, Green D, et al. Functional health literacy and the risk of hospital admission among Medicare managed care enrollees. American journal of public health. 2002;92(8):1278-83.
10. 10. Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, Clark WS. Health literacy and the risk of hospital admission. Journal of general internal medicine. 1998;13(12):791-8.
11. 11. Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, Pitkin K, Parikh NS, Coates W, et al. The health care experience of patients with low literacy. Archives of family medicine. 1996;5(6):329.
12. 12. Williams MV. Ba er DW, Par er RM, Nurss JR. Relationship of functional health literacy to patients' nowledge of their chronic disease: a study of patients with hypertension and diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(2):166-72.
13. 13. Neter E, Brainin E. Association between health literacy, ehealth literacy, and health outcomes among patients with long-term conditions. European Psychologist. 2019.
14. 14. Paakkari L, Okan O. COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem. The Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5):e249-e50.
15. 15. Castro-Sánchez E, Chang PWS, Vila-Candel R, Escobedo AA, Holmes AH. Health literacy and infectious diseases: why does it matter? Int J Infect Dis. 2016;43:103-10.
16. 16. Lorini C, Santomauro F, Donzellini M, Capecchi L, Bechini A, Boccalini S, et al. Health literacy and vaccination: A systematic review. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2018;14(2):478-88.
17. 17. Ren L-L, Wang Y-M, Wu Z-Q, Xiang Z-C, Guo L, Xu T, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chinese medical journal. 2020.
18. 18. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470-3.
19. 19. Thompson R. Pandemic potential of 2019-nCoV. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(3):280.
20. 20. Wu JT, Leung K, Leung GM. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. Lancet. 2020;395(10225): 689-97.
21. 21. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020: WHO; [cited 2020 Sep 22]; Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
22. 22. Zarocostas J. How to fight an infodemic. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):676.
23. 23. Abel T, McQueen D. Critical health literacy and the COVID-19 crisis. Health Promot Int. 2020.
24. 24. Norman CD, Skinner HA. eHealth literacy: essential skills for consumer health in a networked world. Journal of medical Internet research. 2006;8(2):e9.
25. 25. Ölcer S, Yilmaz-Aslan Y, Brzoska P. Lay perspectives on social distancing and other official recommendations and regulations in the time of COVID-19: a qualitative study of social media posts. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):963.
26. 26. Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promotion International. 2000;15:259-67.
27. 27. Eichler K, Wieser S, Brügger U. The costs of limited health literacy: a systematic review. Int J Public Health. 2009;54(5):313-24.
28. 28. Wolf MS, Serper M, Opsasnick L, O'Conor RM, Curtis L, Benavente JY, et al. Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(2):100-9.
29. 29. Dikmen AU, Özkan S. Göçmenler ve sağlık okuryazarlığı. Türkiye Klinikleri Halk Sağlığı-Özel Konular. 2019;5(1):62-6.
30. 30. Nguyen HC, Nguyen MH, Do BN, Tran CQ, Nguyen TTP, Pham KM, et al. People with Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms Were More Likely Depressed and Had Lower Health-Related Quality of Life: The Potential Benefit of Health Literacy. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4).
31. 31. Özkan S, Tüzün H, Dikmen AU, İlhan MN. Salgınlarda Toplum Davranışı ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research.4:105-10.