DOĞU ANADOLU BÖLGESİNİN ÖNEMLİ TIBBİ-AROMATİK BİTKİLERİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 16 - 23, 15.06.2020

Hakan Özer , Furkan Çoban , Masoud Soltanı Bouljak

Öz

Türkiye, farklı iklim ve topoğrafik özellikler nedeniyle bitki genetik kaynakları bakımından dünyadaki önemli ülkelerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Nitekim, ülkemiz florasında yaklaşık 10 bin civarında bitki türü bulunmaktadır. Bu zenginlik içerisinde tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin özel bir yeri vardır. Floramızdaki bitkilerin yaklaşık 400’ü tıbbi kullanım potansiyeline sahiptir. Türkiye Bitkileri Veri Servisinin (TUBIVES) kayıtlarına göre bölgede 4296 bitki taksonu bulunmaktadır. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde tıbbi öneme sahip 400 civarında bitki türünün bulunduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu durum, bölgenin tıbbi-aromatik bitkiler yönünden büyük bir zenginliğe sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında bölgedeki önemli tıbbi aromatik bitkilerin tanıtılması ve tıbbi değerlerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada; aralarında kişniş, nane, reyhan, tarhun, boru çiçeği, dul avrat otu, yüksük otu, ökse otu, şahtere otu, haşhaş, çörek otu, öksürük otu, kedi otu, civanperçemi, yavşan, papatya, ısırgan, andız otu, sarı kantaron, kedi nanesi, adaçayı, zulfa otu, dağ çayı, yara otu, kekik, mercanköşk, sater, kısamahmut otu, mayasıl otu, tıbbi hatmi çiçeği, tatlı meyan, ebegümeci, kuzu kulağı, çaşır, alıç, kuşburnu, çuha çiçeği, çoban değneği, hindiba, kara hindiba, sinir otu, semiz otu ve kapari’nin dahil olduğu önemli tıbbi aromatik bitkilerin bitkisel özellikleri, yetişme alanları, kullanılan kısımları, önemli bileşenleri, tıbbi kullanımları hakkında bilgi verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tıbbi Bitkiler, Aromatik Bitkiler, Yenilebilir Bitkiler, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi

Kaynakça

• Adıguzel, A., Ozer, H., Kılıc H., Cetin, B., 2007. Screening of antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanolic extract of Satureja hortensis on foodborne bacteria and fungi. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 25 (2): 81-89.
• Aglaroval, A.M., Zilfikarov, N., Severtseva, O.V., 2008. Biological characteristics and useful properties of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.). Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 42 (2): 81-86.
• Agrahari, P., Singh, D.K., 2014. A review on the pharmacological aspects of Carum carvi. Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences 4 (1): M1-M13. Al-Snafi, A.E., 2019. Medical benefit of Malva neglecta-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy 9(6): 60-67.
• Amin, S., Kaloo, Z.A., Singh, S., Altaf, T., 2013. Medicinal importance of genus Inula-A Review. International Journal of Current Research and Review 5(2): 20-26.
• Apel, L., Kammerer, D.R., Stintzing, F.C., Spring, O., 2017. Comparative metabolite profiling of triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids in flower color mutations of Primula veris L. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18(1): 153.
• Barnes, J., Anderson, L.A., Phillipson, J.D., 2001. St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): a review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 53: 583–600.
• Basu, T.K., Srichamroen, A., 2010. Health Benefits of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum leguminosse). In Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health, Academic Press. 425-435.
• Bora, K.S., Sharma, A., 2010. Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Artemisia absinthium Linn. and Artemisia asiatica Nakai: a review. Journal of Pharmacy Research 3(2): 325-328.
• Chrubasik, C., Roufogalis, B.D., Müller‐Ladner, U., Chrubasik, S., 2008. A systematic review on the Rosa canina effect and efficacy profiles. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 22(6): 725-733.
• Damle, M., 2014. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) - a potent medicinal herb. International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2(2): 132-136. Duke, J.A., 2002. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, Second Edition. CRC Press. p 870.
• Edwards, J.E., Brown, P.N., Talent, N., Dickinson, T.A., Shipley, P.R., 2012. A review of the chemistry of the genus Crataegus. Phytochemistry 79: 5-26. Fatemeh, F.,
• Hamedeyazdan, S., 2011. A review on Hyssopus officinalis L.: Composition and biological activities. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5(8): 1959-1966.
• Fleisher, A., Sneer, N., 1982. Oregano spices and Origanum chemotypes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 33(5): 441-446. Gaire, B.P., Subedi, L., 2013. A review on the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Datura stramonium L. Journal of Integrative Medicine 11(2): 73-79.
• Gupta, P.C., Sharma, N., Rao, C.V., 2012. A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Fumaria indica (Fumitory). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(8): 665-669.
• Kafash-Farkhad, N., Asadi-Samani, M., Khaledifar, B. 2013. A review on secondary metabolites and pharmacological effects of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 15: 98-108.
• Katanić, J., Ceylan, R., Matić, S., Boroja, T., Zengin, G., Aktumsek, A., Mihailović, V., Stanić, S. 2017. Novel perspectives on two Digitalis species: Phenolic profile, bioactivity, enzyme inhibition, and toxicological evaluation. South African Journal of Botany 109: 50- 57.
• Kaur, G.J., Arora, D.S. 2010. Bioactive potential of Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi belonging to the family Umbelliferae-Current status. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(2): 87- 94.
• Khair-ul-Bariyah, S., Ahmed, D., Ikram, M. 2012. Ocimum basilicum: a review on phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan 2(2): 78-85.
• Khan, B.A., Akhtar, N., Mahmood, T. 2010. A comprehensive review of a magic plant, Hippophae rhamnoides.Pharmacognosy Journal 2(16): 65-68.
• Kienle, G.S., Glockmann, A., Schink, M., Kiene, H. 2009. Viscum album L. extracts in breast and gynaecological cancers: a systematic review of clinical and preclinical research. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 28(1): 1-33.
• Li, S., Li, S.K., Gan, R.Y., Song, F.L., Kuang, L., Li, H.B. 2013. Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of infusions from 223 medicinal plants. Industrial Crops and Products 51: 289-298.
• Martinez, M., Poirrier, P., Chamy, R., Prüfer, D., Schulze-Gronover, C., Jorquera, L., Ruiz, G. 2015. Taraxacum officinale and related species-An ethnopharmacological review and its potential as a commercial medicinal plant, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 169: 244-262.
• Mikaili, P., Mojaverrostami, S., Moloudizargari, M., Aghajanshakeri, S. 2013. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Mentha longifolia L. and its main constituent, menthol. Ancient Science of Life 33(2): 131-138.
• Miraldi, E., Ferri, S., Mostaghimi, V. 2001. Botanical drugs and preparations in the traditional medicine of West Azerbaijan (Iran). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 75(2-3): 77-87.
• Murti, K., Kaushik, M., Sangwan, Y., Kaushik, A. 2011. Pharmacological properties of Valeriana officinalis-a review. Pharmacologyonline 3: 641-646.
• Nabavi, S.F., Maggi, F., Daglia, M., Habtemariam, S., Rastrelli, L., Nabavi, S.M. 2016. Pharmacological Effects of Capparis spinosa L. Phytotherapy Research 30: 1733-1744.
• Nadeem, M., Anjum, F.M., Khan, M.I., Tehseen, S., El‐Ghorab, A., Sultan, J.I. 2013. Nutritional and medicinal aspects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). British Food Journal 115(5): 743-755.
• Özer, H., Sökmen, M., Güllüce, M., Adigüzel, A., Şahin, F., Sökmen, A., Kiliç, H., Bariş, Ö. 2007. Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of Hippomarathrum microcarpum (Bieb.) from Turkey. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55(3): 937-942.
• Prasanth Reddy, V., Ravi Vital, K., Varsha, P.V., Satyam, S. 2014. Review on Thymus vulgaris Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Properties. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 3:164.
• Rather, M.A., Dar, B.A., Sofi, S.N., Bhat, B.A., Qurishi, M.A. 2016. Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 9:1574-1583.
• Saeidnia, S., Gohari, A., Mokhber-Dezfuli, N., Kiuchi, F. 2011. A review on phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the genus Achillea. DARU : Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 19(3): 173-186.
• Samuelsen, A.B. 2000. The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 71(1): 1- 21.
• Sharma, A., Cannoo, D.S. 2013. Phytochemical composition of essential oils isolated from different species of genus Nepeta of Labiatae family: a review. Pharmacophore 4(6): 181-211.
• Skotti, E., Anastasaki, E., Kanellou, G., Polissiou, M., Tarantilis, P.A. 2014. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and toxicity of aqueous extracts from selected Greek medicinal and aromatic plants. Industrial Crops and Products 53: 46-54.
• TUBİVES, 2020. Türkiye Bitkileri Veri Servisi. http://www.tubives.com/index.php (Erişim tarihi:10.01.2020) Vasas, A., Orbán-Gyapai, O., Hohmann, J. 2015. The Genus Rumex: Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 175: 198-228.
• Wang, Q., Cui, J. 2011. Perspectives and utilization technologies of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.): A review. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(11): 1966-1977.