HEMŞİRELİKTE BAKIM MODELİ GELİŞTİRME BASAMAKLARI

Öz

Modeller; olguların yapı, fonksiyon ya da her ikisine ilişkin belirli bakış açılarını nesnelleştirerek sunan grafikler ya da şematik gösterimlerdir. Hemşirelik bakım modelleri ise, felsefi ve teorik hemşirelik bilgisi çerçevesinde oluşturulan ve bakımın pratikte nasıl uygulanacağını metodolojik olarak açıklayan yapılardır ve özelliklerine göre birçok tipte tanımlanmaktadır. Hemşirelik bakımı, eğitimi ve yönetiminde çok değerli bir yeri olan hemşirelik bakım modelleri, hemşirelik bilimine önemli bir kaynak sağlar. Hemşirelik bakımında belirli bir model kullanarak; bakım kalitesini arttırmak, mesleki kimlik geliştirmek, hemşirelikte temel eylemlere yoğunlaşmak, kişilerarası beceriler geliştirmek, bakım sürecinde sürekliliği teşvik etmek, daha etkin maliyet ve kullanıcı memnuniyeti seviyesine ulaşmak ve hemşirelerin çalışma koşullarını iyileştirmek mümkündür. Bu nedenle, hemşirelik bakımında model kullanımı ve yeni bakım modellerinin geliştirilmesi önemlidir. Ek olarak, model geliştirme süreci hemşirelik deneyiminin deneylerle sabitlenmesine ve kavramsallaştırılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu derlemede, hemşirelikte bakım modeli geliştirme sürecine ilişkin teorik çerçevenin ve hemşireliğe katkısının sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakım
• hemşirelik bakımı
• hemşirelik modeli
• model

STEPS OF NURSING CARE MODEL DEVELOPMENT

Öz

Models are graphs or schematic representations presenting certain points of view regarding the structure of phenomena, their function, or both by objectifying them. Nursing care models are structures created within the framework of philosophical and theoretical nursing knowledge and methodologically explain how care will be applied in practice, and are defined in many types according to their characteristics. Nursing care models, which have a very valuable place in nursing care, education, and management, provide an important resource to nursing science. Using a particular model in nursing care; it is possible to increase the quality of care, develop a professional identity, focus on basic actions in nursing, develop interpersonal skills, encourage continuity in the care process, reach a more effective cost and user satisfaction level, and improve the working conditions of nurses. In addition, the model development process will contribute to the fixation and conceptualization of the nursing experience with experiments. This review, it is aimed to present the theoretical framework regarding the nursing care model development process and its contribution to nursing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Care
• nursing care
• nursing model
• model

Kaynakça

1. Dimitroff LJ, Tydings DM, Nickoley S, Nichols LW, Krenzer ME. From blank canvas to master work: creating a professional practice model at a magnet hospital. Nursing Research and Practice 2016. p:1-12 Article ID: 8783594 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8783594; Accesseddate: 30.09.2021
2. Chapman H. Nursing theories 3: nursing models. Nurs Times. 2018; 114(1):34.
3. Pazarcıkcı F, Uçak A. Hemşirelik eğitiminde hemşirelik kuram ve modellerinin kullanılmasının önemi. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 2021; 4(2):25-33.
4. McEwen M, Wills EM. Theoretical basis for nursing (5th ed). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Helath 2019; pp 100.
5. Gilbert JK. Explaining with models. In: Ratcliffe M (eds), ASE guide to secondary science education. Hatfield: The Association for Science Education 1998; pp 159-174.
6. Damelio R. The basics of process mapping (2nd ed). New York: CRC Press Taylor& Francis Group 2011; pp 31-37.
7. Fawcett J. Contemporary conceptualisations of nursing: philosophy or science? In: Kikuchi JF, Simmons H (eds), Philosophic inquiry in nursing. Newbury Park: Sage 1992; pp 64-70.
8. Donaldson SK, Crowley D. The discipline of nursing. Nurs Outlook. 1978; 26(2):113-120.

9. Meleis AI. Theoretical nursing: development and progress (5nd ed). Philadelphia Lippincott: Wolters Kluwer Health 2011; pp 179-206.
10. Fawcett J. Downs FS. The relationship of theory and research (2nd ed). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis 1992.
11. Fawcett J. Contemporary nursing knowledge: analysis and evaluation of nursing models and theories (3rd ed). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis 2013.
12. Fawcett J. Analysis and evaluation of theories of nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis 1995.
13. Meleis AI. Theoritical nursing: development and progress (2nd ed). Philadelphia Lippincott: J.B. Lippincott Publishers 1991.
14. Moody LE. Advancing nursing science through research. Newbury Park: Sage 1990.
15. McKenna H. Nursing theories and models. New York: Taylor & Francis group 2005; pp 190-221.
16. Hinshaw AS. Nursing science: the challenge to develop knowledge. Nurs Sci Q 1989; 2(4):162-171.
17. Chinn P, Jacobs MK. Theory and nursing: systematic approach (2nd ed). St Louis: C.V. Mosby 1987.
18. Powers BA, Knapp TR. A dictionary of nursing theory and research (2nd ed). Newbury Park: Sage 1995.
19. Tierney AJ. Nursing models: extantorextinct? J AdvNurs 1998; 28(1):77-85.
20. Colley S. Nursing theory: its importance to practice. NursStand 2003; 17(46):33-37.
21. Kim HS. The nature of theoretical thinking in nursing. Norwalk Conn: Appleton–Century–Crofts 1983.
22. Rosenbaum JN. Comparison of two theorists on care: orem and leininger. J Adv Nurs 1986; 11:409-419.
23. Stevens-Barnum BJ. Nursing theory: analysis, application, evaluation (4th ed). Philadelphia Lippincott: J.B. Lippincott 1994.
24. McKenna H. Nursing theories and models. New York Routledge: Taylor&FrancisGroup 1997.
25. Kuhn ST. The structure of scientific revolutions (3rd ed). Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1996.
26. Agency for Clinical Innovation- Australia. (ACI-A). New South Wales. Rehabilitation model of care NSW health rehabilitation redesign project final report 2015. Version1.5 https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/resources/rehabilitation/rehabilitation-model-of care/rehabilitation-moc/NSW-Rehabilitation-MOC.pdf;Accesseddate: 30.09.2021
27. Davidson PM, Elliott D. Managing approaches to nursing care delivery. In: Daly J. (eds), Preparing for professional nursing practice. Sydney: Maclennan and Petty 2001; pp 123.
28. Western Australia Health Network (WAHN). Model of care overview and guidelines. Goverment of Western Australia Department Of Health 2006. http://cedd.org.au/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Model-of-Care-Overview-and-Guidelines-WA-Health-Networks.pdf; Accesseddate: 30.09.2021
29. Agency For Clinical Innovation-Australia (ACI-A). Understanding the process to develop a model of care 2013. Level 4. www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au; Accesseddate: 30.09.2021
30. Davidson P, Halcomb E, Hickman L et al. Beyond therhetorıc: what do we mean by a ‘model of care’? Aust J AdvNurs 2006; 23(3):47-55.
31. Rocha PK, Prado ML. Model of care: What is it? And how do you elaborate it? (Modelo de cuidado ¿Qué es y comoelaborarlo?) Index de Enfermería 2008; 17(2):128-32.
32. Riehl JP, Roy C. Conceptual models for nursing practice. Norwalk: Appleton-Century-Crofts 1980.
33. Şengün İnan F, Üstün B, Bademli K. Türkiye’de kuram/modele dayalı hemşirelik araştırmalarının incelemesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2013; 16(2): 132-139.
34. Aggleton P, Chalmers H. Models of nursing, nursing practice and nurse education J AdvNurs 1987; 12:573-581.
35. Pridmore JA, Murphy F, Williams A. Nursing models and contemporary nursing 2: can they raise standards of care? Nurs Times 2010; 106(24):22-25.
36. Baykara ZG, Çalışkan N, Öztürk D, Karadağ A. Hemşirelikte teori ve model kullanımı: nitel bir çalışma. CukurovaMed J 2019; 44(1):281-289.
37. Alarcon AM, Barrera-Ortiz L, Carreno SP et al. Development of a functional model of nursing care in cancer. InvestEducEnferm 2014; 32(2):207-215.
38. Chapman CM. Theory of nursing: practical application. London: Harper&Row; 1985.
39. Fawcett J. Analysis andevaluation of conceptual models of nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis 1984.
40. Fairbrother G, Chiarella M, Braithwaite J. Models of carechoices in today’s nursing workplace: where does team nursing sit? AustHealthRev 2015; 39(5):489-493.
41. Western Australia Health Reform Committee. (WAHRC). A healthy future for western australians: report of the health reform committee. WA: Department of Health. 2004. Number:362.109941 ID 26236546 https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/Files/Corporate/Reports%20and%20publications/PDF/Report_of_the_Health_Reform_Committee.ashx; Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2021
42. Cancer Care Ontario. 10 tools for implementing new models of care a guide to change management 2017. [e-mail].; Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2021
43. Sinnott M. Using co-design process to develop care options for people with chronic and complex care needs across four (4) community health services. IJIC 2017; 17(3):1-8.
44. Coyle YM, Battles JB. Using antecedents of medical care to develop valid quality of care measures. Int J Qual Health Care 1999; 11(1):5-12.
45. Roberts S, Eaton S, Finch T et al. The year of care approach: developing a model and delivery programe for care and support planning in long term conditions within general practice. BMC Fam Pract 2019; 20:153.