TİROİD PAPİLLER KARSİNOM VE NORMAL TİROİD HÜCRE ÇEKİRDEKLERİNDE AgNOR SAYISININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Tiroid kanserleri, klinikte görülen kanserlerin %1 kadarını oluşturup, yavaş ilerleyen tümörlerdir. Genelde yaşam süresi iyi olmakla beraber, tüm endokrin organ kanserlerinden daha fazla ölüme neden olmaktadırlar. Hücre çekirdeğinde bulunan çekirdekçik organize eden bölgeler (nucleolus organizer regions, NORs) kromozomun (13,14,15,21 ve 22. kromozomlar) ikincil boğumlarına yerleşmiş, ardışık olarak yinelenen rRNA gen ailesidir. İnterfazda transkripsiyonel olarak aktif olan NOR’lar, gümüş nitrat ile seçici olarak boyanabilirler. Benign ve malign tiroid lezyonlarını AgNOR boyama tekniği ile karşılaştırmak için, 15 kontrol ve 15 tiroid papiller kanserli bireyden oluşan iki grup çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Her bir bireyin preparatı AgNOR boyama tekniği ile boyanmış ve özel bir bilgisayar programı kullanılarak her bir çekirdek için toplam AgNOR sayısı değerlendirilmiştir. Her bir bireyden 100 çekirdek değerlendirilmiş ve her biri için ortalama Bulgulara göre kontrol grubunun ortalama NOR sayısı 1.302±0.122 bulunmuştur. Aynı değer tiroid papiller kanser grubunda 4.564±1.001 bulunmuştur. Veriler Mann kıyaslanmıştır. Bu bulgulara göre, kontrol ve tiroid papiller kanser grubu bireylerin ortalama NOR sayıları arasında anlamlı bir istatistiksel fark tespit edilmiştir (p=0,0001, z=4,666). Sonuç olarak NOR sayısının benign ve malign tiroid lezyonlarını ayırmada kullanışlı bir araç olacağı kanısındayız

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tiroid, NOR, AgNOR

Evaluation of AgNOR Spot Number in Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma and Normal Cells Nuclei

Öz

Thyroid cancers constitute 1% of clinical cancer cases and develops slowly. Althought the survival time of patient is favorable, its mortality is greater than all endocrin tissue cancers. The NORs are tandemly repeated rRNA gene family found in secondary constrictions of the five pair of acrocentric chromosomes. In interphase, transcriptionaly activated NORs are selectively stained with AgNO3. To compare the benign and malign thyroid lesions by AgNOR staining technic, 15 individual in control, and 15 in thyroid papillary cancer group were involved. AgNOR staining technic was applied to the slides of each individual, and AgNOR number was evaluated for each nucleus, using a special computure programme. From each individual, one hundred nuclei were analyzed and the mean NOR number/nucleus were evaluated. According to the data, mean NOR number of controls was found to be 1.302±0.122. Also in cancer group mean NOR number were found to be 4.564±1.001. The datas were compared with Mann Whitney-U test as statistical. According to this data, a significant difference was evident between the mean NOR number of control and cancer groups indivudials (p=0.0001, z=4.666). In conclusion, we think that evaluation of mean NOR number is a useful diagnostic tool in benign and malign lesions

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Thyroid, NOR, AgNOR

Kaynakça

1. Sadler GP, Clark OH, Schwartz SI, Shires GT, Spencer FC. Thyroid and parathyroid. Principles of surgery,7th ed. McGraw-Hill. New York.1999; 36:1661-1687.
2. Ureles AL. Thyroidology-Reflections on Twentieth Century history. Falk S (ed) Thy- roid Disease. Raven Press. New York.1990; : 1 -14. Hurng-Seng
3. O.H.Tiroid Kanserlerine Genel Bakış. İşgör A (ed). Tiroid hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi. Avru- pa Tıp Kitapçılık. İstanbul. 2000; 8: 367-372.
4. Trere, D. AgNOR staining and quantifica- tion. Micron 2000; 31: 127–131.
5. Hernandez-Verdun D, Louvet, E. Le nucleo- le: fonctions et maladies associe´es. Med. Sci. (Paris) 2004; 20: 37–44.
6. Hubbell HR. Silver staining as an indicator of active ribosomal genes. Stain Technol ; 60: 285–294. Jime`nez R, Burgos M. A study of the Ag- staining significance in mitotic NOR’s. Here- dity 1988; 60: 125–127.
7. Capoa A, Felli MP, Baldini A, Rocchi M, Archidiacono N, Aleixandre C, Miller OJ, Miller DA. Relationship between the number and function of human ribosomal genes. Hum. Genet 1988; 79:301–304.
8. Green JE, Rosenbaum KN, Rapoport SI, Schapiro MB, White BJ. Variant nucleolus organizing regions and the risk of Down syndrome. Clin. Genet 1989; 35: 243–250.

9. Derenzini M, Farabegoli F, Pession A, No- vello F. Spatial redistribution of ribosomal chromatin in the fibrillar centres of human circulating lymphocytes after stimulation of transcription. Exp. Cell Res 1987; 170: 31–
10. Demirtas H, Candemir Z, Cucer N, Imamog- lu N, Donmez H, Bokesoy I. Essay on the nucleoli survey by the a- and b-satellite DNA probes of the acrocentric chromosome in mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes. Ann. Ge´ne´t-Paris 2000; 43: 61–68.
11. Trere, D. AgNOR staining and quantifica- tion. Micron 2000; 31: 127–131.
12. Sumner AT. Nucleolar organizers. In: Sum- ner, A.T. (Ed.), Chromosome Banding. Unwin Hyman, London, pp. 1990; 187–205.
13. Wierzchniewska-Lawska A. Practical appli- cation of proliferation markers' (MIB-1, PCNA, AgNOR) expression analysis for diffe- rential diagnostics of nodular thyroid lesions. ; 59:32-7. Slowinska-Klencka D, Klencki M, Popowicz B, et al. Multiparameters analyses of AgNOR in thyroid lesions: comparision with PCNA expression. Histopathol 2004; 19:785-792.
14. Mehrotra A, Goel M.M, Singh K. Ki-67 and AgNOR proliferative markers as diagnostic adjuncts to fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid follicular lesions. 2002; 24:205-211.
15. Mehrotra A, Agarwal P.K, and Chandra T. Cytopathology and AgNOR Counts in Fine- Needle Aspiration Cytology Smears of Thy- roid Lesions. Diagnostic Cytopathology. ;19:238-243. Carbajo S, Orfao A, Vicente-Villardon JL, Carbajo-Pe´rez E. Expression of silver- stained nucleolar organizer regions is coup- led to cell cycle in rat thymic cells. Cytometry ; 14:46–52. Derenzini M, Sirri V, Trere´ D, Ochs RL. The quantity of nucleolar proteins nucleolin and protein B23 is related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells. Lab Invest 1995; 73:1–
16. Derenzini M, Ploton D. Interphase nucleolar organizer regions in cancer cells. Int Rev Exp Pathol 1992; 32:149–192.
17. Brugal G. Interpretation of proliferation markers. Virchows Arch 1995; 427:337–339.