KISIRLAŞTIRILAN KEDİLERDE KROM PİKOLİNATIN BAZI BİYOKİMYASAL PARAMETRELER İLE GLİKOZ VE INSÜLIN TOLERANSINA ETKİSİ

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 78 - 85, 01.03.2017

Berrin Kocaoğlu Güçlü Öznur Aslan Fatma Uyanık Kutlay Gürbulak Yücel Çam

Öz

Bu çalışma, gonadektomize edildikten sonra ad-libitum beslenenkedilere krom pikolinat (CrPic) verilmesinin bazı biyokimyasalparametreler ile insülin ve glikoz toleransları üzerine etkisinibelirlemek amacı ile yapıldı. Çalışmada, ortalama 3021 ± 453 gcanlı ağırlığa sahip 1-5 yaşlarında 32 kedi kullanıldı. Kısırlaştırmaoperasyonundan sonra tamamen iyileşen kediler, grupların ağırlıkortalamaları eşit olacak şekilde, her grupta 8’er hayvan olan 4gruba ayrıldı. Sağlıklı kontrol olarak tutulan I. Grup günlük besinmadde ihtiyacını (60 kcal/kg vücut ağırlığı) karşılayacak düzeydeticari kedi maması ile beslenirken, diğer gruplar ad-libitumbeslendi. Ad-libitum beslenen II. Gruba 0, III. Gruba 200 μg CrPicve IV. Gruba 600 μg CrPic (200 μg Cr tablet, Solgar Enst., USA), 16hafta süreyle verildi. Ağırlık artışı kontrolü olarak tutulan II.Grupta canlı ağırlık artışı, deneme başlangıcı ağırlığına göre, %20’nin üzerine çıktığında hayvanlar 12 saat aç bırakılıp, intravenöz glikoz tolerans testi (IVGTT) ve hayvanlar bir gündinlendirildikten sonra intravenöz insülin tolerans testi (IVITT)yapıldı. Çalışma sonunda Cr verilen gruplarda ALP aktivitesi yükseldi. Deneme sonu serum Cr düzeyleri, Cr verilen gruplarda hemdeneme başı değerlerine hem de deneme sonu I. ve II. Grup değerlerine göre önemli düzeyde yükseldi (p<0,001). Ad-libitumbeslemenin veya krom pikolinatın açlık bazal glikoz, açlık bazalinsülin, IVGTT’nin toplam insülin ve glikoz düzeyleri, SI (açlıkbazal insülin/açlık bazal glikoz), HOMA ve β hücre fonksiyonunuetkilemediği (p>0,05) belirlendi. Grup II’de glikoz infüzyonunutakiben hızla yükselen insülin düzeyi 15. dakikada pike ulaştı vebu gruptaki insülin düzeyi ile gerek Grup I gerekse krom verilengrupların insülin düzeyi arasındaki fark önemli bulundu (p< 0,05).Sonuç olarak, ad-libitum beslenen hayvanlarda gelişebilecekinsülin direncinin azaltılması ya da önlenmesi açısından Cr bileşiklerinin etkili olabileceği ancak bununla ilgili daha detaylı çalışmalar yapılması gerektiği kanaatine varıldı

Anahtar Kelimeler

kedi, krom, glikoz toleransı, insülin toleransı

Effects of Chromium Picolinate on Some Biochemical Parameters, Glucose and Insulin Tolerance in Gonadectomized Cats

Öz

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the effectof chromium picolinate (CrPic) administration on insulin andglucose tolerance with some biochemical parameters in catswhich fed ad-libitum after sterilization. In the study, 32 cats, 1-5years old with an average of 3021 ± 453 g live weight were used.The cats which were completely healed after the sterilizationoperation were divided into 4 groups of 8 animals in each group.The weight averages of each group were equalized. The first groupwas healthy control and in this group cats were fed on commercialcat food at a level that meet the daily nutrient requirement (60kcal / kg body weight) while the other groups were fed ad-libitum.Group II, Group II and Group IV was given 0, 200 μg and 600 μgCrPic (200 μg Cr tablet, Solgar Institute, USA) for 16 weeks, respectively. The second group 0, 3thgroup 200 μg CrPic and 4thgroup 600 μg CrPic (200 μg Cr tablet, Solgar Institute, USA) wasgiven for 16 weeks. The second group was a group of control forlive weight gain. When the second group weight was 20% higherthan initial weight of the study, all groups were fasted for 12hours before intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) wasdone. After the animals were rested for one day, intravenousinsulin tolerance test (IVITT) was performed. At the end of thestudy, ALP activity increased in Cr treated groups. Serum Cr levelsin the Cr treated groups were significantly higher values thangroup I and II in the begining experiment and in the end of theexperiment (p <0.001). Fasting basal glucose, fasting basal insulin,total insulin and glucose levels of IVGTT, SI (fasting basal insulin/fasting basal glucose), HOMA, and β cell function (p> 0.05) did notaffect from ad-libitum feeding and supplementation of chromiumpicolinate (p> 0.05). In Group II after glucose infusion, insulinlevel rapidly rose, reaching the peak at 15thminute. BetweenGroup II and both Group I and groups of chromium picolinateinsulin levels were determined significantly different (p <0.05).It has been concluded that Cr compounds may be effective inreducing or preventing the insulin resistance, but further studiesare required to determine the effects of Cr in the near future

Anahtar Kelimeler

cat, chromium, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance

Kaynakça

• Anderson RA (b). Recent advances in the clinical and biochemical manifestation of chromium defi- ciency in human and animal nutrition. J Trace Elem Exper Med 1998; 11: 241-250.
• Ravina A, Slezak L, Mirsky N, Brydent NA, Anderson RA. (a). Reversal of corticosteroid- ınduced diabetes mellitus with supplemental chromium. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 164-167.
• Ravina A Slezak L, Mirsky N, Anderson RA. (b). Control of steroid-induced diabetes with supplemental association. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 164-167.
• Prasad AS. Chromium. Trace elements and iron in human metabolism. Plenum Pub Co, New York 1978; pp 3-12.
• Mertz W. Chromium in human nutrition: A review. J Nutr 1993; 123: 626-633.
• Striffer JS, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Overproduction of insulin in the chromium- deficient rat. Metabolism 1999; 48: 1063-1068.
• Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA, Bhathena SJ, Canary JJ. Effect of supplemental chromium on patients with symptoms of reactive hypoglycemia. Metabolism 1987; 36,4: 351-355.
• Ding W, Chai Z, Duan P, Feng W, Qian Q. Serum and urine chromium concentrations in elderly diabetics. Biol Trace Elem Res 1998: 63,3: 231- 237.
• Thomas VLK, Gropper SS. Effect of chromium nicotinic acid supplementation on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors. Biol Trace Elem Res 1996; 55: 297-305.
• Striffler JS, Polansky MM, Bhathena SJ, Anderson RA. Chromium improves insulin response to glucose in rats. Metabolism 1995; 44,10: 1314- 1320.
• Vinson JA. So many choices, so what’s a consumer to do?: A commentary on “effect of chromium niacinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-a, IL- 6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin- treated diabetic rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43: 1121-1123. picolinate
• Muğlalı ÖH. Beslenme Hastalıkları ve Klinik Besle- me. Kitap: Ergün A ve Muğlalı ÖH (Yazarlar), Kö- pek ve Kedi Besleme Beslenme Hastalıkları ve Klinik Besleme. Genç Büro, Ankara, 1998.
• Blaxter AC, Gruffydd–Jones TJ. The Endocrine System. In: Chandler EA (eds), Feline Medicine and Therapeutics. The Alden Press, Oxford 1994; pp 418-445.
• Appleton DJ, Rand JS, Sunvold GD. Insulin sensitivity decreases with obesity, and lean cats with low insulin sensitivity are at greatest risk of glucose intolerance with weight gain. J Feline Med Surg 2001; 3: 211-228.
• Appleton DJ, Rand JS, Sunvold GD. Dietary chromium tripicolinate supplementation reduces glucose concentrations and improves glucose tolerance in norma-weight cats. J Feline Med Surg 2002; 4: 13-25.
• Juturu V, Daly A, Geohas J, Finch M, Komorowski JR. Diabetes risk factors and chromium intake in moderately obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition & Food Science, 2006; 36,6: 390-399.
• Appleton DJ, Rand JS, Sunvold GD. Basal plasma insulin and homeostasis model assesment (HOMA) are inducators of insulin sensitivity in cats. . J Feline Med Surg 2005; 7: 183-193.
• Aştı R, Tuncer ŞD, Kalaycıoğlu L, ve ark. Broylerlerde yağlı karaciğer sendromu üzerinde histolojik ve biyokimyasal çalışmalar. Selçuk Üniv Vet Fak Derg 1987; 3,1: 233-245.
• Yoshino K, Katoh N, Takahashi K, Yuasa A. Purifi- cation of a protein from serum of cattle with he- patic lipidosis, and identification of the protein as haptoglobin. Am J Vet Res 1992; 53: 951-956.
• Yeager AE, Mohammed H. Accuracy of ultrasonography in the detection of severe hepatic lipidosis in cats. Am J Vet Res 1992; 53,4: 597- 599.
• Singh KP, Parihar NS, Palival OP. Liver pathology in sheep fed water hyacinth. Ind J Anim Sci 1988; 56: 666-667.
• Şener S. Etanol’ün kobayda karaciğer ve serum gama-glutamil transpeptidase (GGT) aktivitesi üzerine etkisi. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg 1988; 14:1-10.
• Uyanık F. The effects of dietary chromium supplementation on some blood parameters in sheep. Biol Trace Elem Res 2001, 84, 93-101.
• Chang X, Mowat DN. Supplemental chromium for stressed and growing feeder calves. J Anim Sci 1992; 70: 559-565.
• Uyanık F, Kaya Ş, Kolsuz AH, Eren M, Şahin N. The effect of chromium supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some serum parameters in laying hens. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2002; 26: 379-387.
• Boleman SL, Boleman SJ, Bidner TD, et al. Effect of chromium composition, and tissue accretion in pigs. J Anim Sci 1995; 73: 2033-2042. on growth, body
• Bahijri SM. Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance and lipid profile. Saudi Med J 2000; 21,1: 45-50.
• Lukaski HC, Siders WA, Penland JG. Chromium picolinate supplementation in women: effects on body weight, composition, and iron status. Nutrition 2007; 23,3: 187-195.
• Page TG, Southern LL, Ward TL, Thompson DL. Effect of chromium picolinate on growth and se- rum and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 1993; 71: 656-662.
• Kolsuz SŞ, Uyanık F. Yumurta tavuklarında yeme Cr ilavesinin serum kalsiyum, fosfor, magnezyum ve çinko düzeylerine etkisi. Erciyes Üniv Sağlık Bilim Derg 2002; 11,2: 67-75.
• Uyanık F, Eren M, Kocaoğlu Güçlü B, Şahin N. Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and tissue chromium levels of Japanese quails. Biol Trace Elem Res 2005; 103: 187-197.
• Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA, et al. Chromium supplementation of human subjects: effects on glucose, insulin, and lipid variables. Metabolism 1983; 32: 894-899.
• Campbell WW, Beard JL, Joseph LJ, Davey SL, Evans WJ. Chromium picolinate supplementation and resistive training by older men: Effects on iron-status and hematologic indexes. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66(4): 944-949.
• Clodfelder BJ, Gullick BM, Lukaski HC, Neggers Y, Vincent JB. Oral administration of the biomimetic [Cr(3)O(O(2)CCH(2)CH(3))(6)(H(2)O)(3)]+ increases insulin sensitivity and improves blood plasma variables in healty and type 2 diabetic rats. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005; 10(3): 316.
• Lien TF, Wu CP, Wang BJ, et al. Effect of supplemental levels of chromiumpicolinate on the growth performance,serum traits, carcass characteristics and lipid metabolism of growing- finishing pigs. Animal Science 2001; 72: 289-296.
• Chen KL, Lu JJ, Lien TF, Chiou PW. Effects of chromium nicotinate on performance, carcase characteristics and blood chemistry of growing turkeys. Br Poult Sc 2001; 42(3): 399-404.
• Matthews JO, Southern LL, Fernandez JM, et al. Effect of chromium picolinate and chromium propionate on glucose and insulin kinetics of growing barrows and on growth and carcass traits of growing-finishing barrows. J Anim Sci 2001; 79(8): 2172-2178.
• Cheng N, Zhu X, Shi H, et al. Follow-up survey of people in china with type 2 diabetes mellitus con- suming supplemental chromium. J Trace Elem Exper Med 1999; 12: 55-60.
• Cohn LA, Dodam JR, McCaw DL, Tate DJ. Effects of chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance in obese and nonobese cats. Am J Vet Res 1999; 60 (11): 1360-1363.
• Biourge V, Nelson RW, Feldman EC, et al. Effect of weight gain and subseguent weight loss on glucose tolerance and insulin response in healthy cats. J Vet Intern Med 1997; 11(2): 86-91.
• Mossop RT. Effects of chromium III on fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and cholesterol HDL levels in diabetics. Cent Afr J Med 1983; 29: 80-82.