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A STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL EFFECTIVENESS: INTERCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF EFL LEARNERS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 123 - 147, 30.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.578159

Öz



Yabancı dil öğretimi hızla
küreselleşen dünyanın vazgeçilmez araştırma alanlarının başında gelmektedir. Bu
hızlı küreselleşme geleneksel tanımların da hızlıca değişimine neden
olmaktadır. Bu nedenle yabancı dil öğretimi tanımı da -öğrencilerde kültürler
arası iletişimsel yetinin kazandırılması- şekline dönüşmüştür. Kültürler arası
iletişimin kazandırılması noktasında da eldeki fırsatlar değerlendirilmelidir.
Bu bakış açısından yola çıkarak mevcut araştırma Türkiye'deki yabancı dil
öğrencilerinin farklı bir kültürle etkileşim sonucu kültürler arası
etkinliklerini artırmak ve bu etkileşimin yabancı dil öğrenimlerindeki başarıya
katkısını incelemeyi amaçlamıştır.  Bu
amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin doğu kısmında bulunan bir şehir olan Elazığ’da
bulunan Fırat Üniversitesi ile Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı (TIKA)
arasındaki bir projeden faydalanılmış ve bu yolla Türkiye’ye formasyon
eğitimlerini almaya gelen Gana’lı öğretmen adaylarının yabancı dil
öğrencilerine kültürler arası etkililik ve akademik başarı açısından etkisi
araştırılmıştır.  Karma yöntem deseniyle
yürütülen araştırmadan elde edilen nitel ve nicel veriler öğrencilerin kültürler
arası etkinlik düzeylerinde ve academic başarılarında bir artış olduğunu
kanıtlar niteliktedir.



Kaynakça

  • Adler, P. 1987. Culture shock and the cross-cultural learning experience. Cambridge, UK: Newbury.
  • Almeida, J.. Fantini, A. E., Simões, A. R. & Costa, N. (2016) Enhancing the intercultural effectiveness of exchange programmes: formal and non-formal educational interventions, Intercultural Education, 27:6, 517-533.
  • Amorim, L. 2001. Intercultural learning: A few awareness tips for US and European follows and host community foundations. Presented for Community Foundation Transatlantic Fellowship (Orientation Session), June 2–4, Washington, D.C.
  • Arasaratnam, L.A. (2009). The development of a new instrument of intercultural communication competence. http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr20/arasaratnam.htm (accessed July 12, 2018).
  • Bailey, J. (2008). First steps in qualitative data analysis: transcribing. Family Practice, 25 (2), 127-131.
  • Belz, J.A. (2007). The development of intercultural communicative competence in telecollaborative partnerships. In Online Intercultural Exchange: An Introduction for Foreign Language Teachers, ed. R. O'Dowd, 127–66. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Bennett, M. J. (1997). How not to be a fluent fool: Understanding the cultural dimensions of language. In A. E. Fantini, (Vol. Ed.) & J. C. Richards (Series Ed.). (1997). New ways in teaching culture. New ways in TESOL series II: Innovative classroom techniques (pp. 16–21). Alexandria, VA: TESOL.
  • Bennett, J.M. and M.J. Bennett. 2004. Developing intercultural sensitivity: an integrative approach to global and domestic diversity. In Handbook of Intercultural Training (3rd edition), ed. D. Landis, J.M. Bennett and M.J. Bennett, 147–165. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Berg, B. L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
  • Bochner, A. P., & Kelly, C. W. (1974). Interpersonal competence: Rational, philosophy, and implementation of a conceptual framework. Speech Teacher, 23, 279-301.
  • Byram, M. (1997a). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Byram, M. (1997b). Face to Face. Learning ‘Language-and-Culture’ through Visits and Exchanges. London: Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research.
  • Byram, M. (2006). “Language Teaching for Intercultural Citizenship: The European Situation.” Paper presented at the NZALT conference, University of Auckland, 1–13.
  • Byram, M. (2008) From Foreign Language Education to Education for Intercultural Citizenship. Essays and reflections. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
  • Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: a practical introduction for teachers. Available at: http://www.lrc.cornell.edu/director/intercultural.pdf
  • Byram, M. & K. Risager. 1999. Language Teachers, Politics and Cultures. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Chamberlin‐Quinlisk, C. (2010) Language learner/native speaker interactions: exploring adaptability in intercultural encounters, Intercultural Education, 21:4,365-377.
  • Chen, G. M (1989). Relationships of the dimensions of intercultural communication competence. Communication Quarterly, 37, 118-133.
  • Chen, G. M. (2005). A model of global communication competence. China Media Research, 1, 13-11.
  • Chen, G. M. (2007). A review of the concept of intercultural effectiveness. In M. Hinner (Ed.), The influence of culture in the world of business (pp. 95-116). Berlin, Germany: Peter Lang.
  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1996). Intercultural communication competence: A synthesis. Communication Yearbook, 19, 353-384.
  • Chieffo, L., & Griffiths, L. (2004). Large-scale assessment of student attitudes after a short-term study abroad program. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 165–177.
  • Conrick, M. (1999) Norm and standard as models in second language acquisition. In A. Chambers and D. Ó Baoill (eds) Intercultural Communication and Language Learning(pp. 175–183). Dublin: IRAAL.
  • Conway, C., Richards, H., Harvey, S., & Roskvist, A. (2010). Teacher provision of opportunities for learners to develop language knowledge and cultural knowledge. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 30(4), 449- 462.
  • Cook, V. (1999) Going beyond the native speaker in language teaching. TESOL Quarterly 33 (2), 185–209.
  • Corbett J. (2003). “An Intercultural Approach to English Language Teaching” in Languages For Intercultural Communication and Education 7, edited by: Michael Byram and Alison Phipps, Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto,Sydney: MULTILINGUAL MATTERS.
  • Coulby, D. (2006). Intercultural education: theory and practice. Intercultural Education, 17(3), 245-257.
  • Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V.L., Gutmann, M.,& Hanson, W. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In a Tashakkori& C. Teddlie (eds.) Handbook of mixed methods in social& behavioral research (pp. 209-240). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language. Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cupach, W.R., & Imahori, T.T. (1993). Identity Management Theory Communication competence in intercultural episodes and relationships. In R. L. Wiseman, & J. Koester (Eds.), Intercultural communication competence (pp. 112-131). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Dai, X., & Chen, G. (2015). On interculturality and intercultural communication competence. China Media Research, 11, 100–113.
  • Davies, L. & Read, A. (2005). Globalizing citizenship education? A critique of ‘global education’ and ‘citizenship education’. British Journal of Educational Studies, 53(1): 66–89.
  • Fantini, A. and Tirmizi, A. (2006). , Exploring and Assessing Intercultural Competence. World Learning Publications. Paper 1. http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/worldlearning_publications/1
  • Forsman, L. (2010) On the changing role of English language education: promoting respect for difference in the language classroom, Intercultural Education, 21:6, 505-518.
  • Gill, S. 2007. Overseas students’ intercultural adaptation as intercultural learning: A transformative framework. Journal of Comparative and International Education 37: 167–83.
  • Gill, S. (2010) The homecoming: an investigation into the effect that studying overseas had on Chinese postgraduates' life and work on their return to China, Compare, 40:3, 359-376
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A STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL EFFECTIVENESS: INTERCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF EFL LEARNERS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 123 - 147, 30.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.578159

Öz



Foreign language teaching is
one of the key concepts in swiftly globalized world. The recent identification
of language teaching is leaning to develop intercultural communicative
competence. So, international exchange opportunities may be utilized to develop
intercultural communicative effectiveness, one of the components of
intercultural communicative competence. Within this perspective this article use
the analysis of the data from a project between Fırat University and Turkish
Collaboration and Coordination Agency (TIKA) as base. The participants were the
Turkish EFL (English as a foreign language) learners and the Ghanaian teacher
candidates (GTC). The aim was to investigate the participants’ intercultural
effectiveness development and their perceptions of the usefulness of their intercultural
interactions on academic achievement in this respect. Data collected from an
Intercultural Effectiveness Scale (IES), and interviews were analyzed to
address the research questions. Findings, taken from the quantitative and
qualitative analysis, show that students developed their intercultural
effectiveness levels and increased their academic achievement to some extent. Based
on the results intercultural collaborations are discussed to provide
intercultural scope and language learning facilities for students.




Kaynakça

  • Adler, P. 1987. Culture shock and the cross-cultural learning experience. Cambridge, UK: Newbury.
  • Almeida, J.. Fantini, A. E., Simões, A. R. & Costa, N. (2016) Enhancing the intercultural effectiveness of exchange programmes: formal and non-formal educational interventions, Intercultural Education, 27:6, 517-533.
  • Amorim, L. 2001. Intercultural learning: A few awareness tips for US and European follows and host community foundations. Presented for Community Foundation Transatlantic Fellowship (Orientation Session), June 2–4, Washington, D.C.
  • Arasaratnam, L.A. (2009). The development of a new instrument of intercultural communication competence. http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr20/arasaratnam.htm (accessed July 12, 2018).
  • Bailey, J. (2008). First steps in qualitative data analysis: transcribing. Family Practice, 25 (2), 127-131.
  • Belz, J.A. (2007). The development of intercultural communicative competence in telecollaborative partnerships. In Online Intercultural Exchange: An Introduction for Foreign Language Teachers, ed. R. O'Dowd, 127–66. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Bennett, M. J. (1997). How not to be a fluent fool: Understanding the cultural dimensions of language. In A. E. Fantini, (Vol. Ed.) & J. C. Richards (Series Ed.). (1997). New ways in teaching culture. New ways in TESOL series II: Innovative classroom techniques (pp. 16–21). Alexandria, VA: TESOL.
  • Bennett, J.M. and M.J. Bennett. 2004. Developing intercultural sensitivity: an integrative approach to global and domestic diversity. In Handbook of Intercultural Training (3rd edition), ed. D. Landis, J.M. Bennett and M.J. Bennett, 147–165. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Berg, B. L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
  • Bochner, A. P., & Kelly, C. W. (1974). Interpersonal competence: Rational, philosophy, and implementation of a conceptual framework. Speech Teacher, 23, 279-301.
  • Byram, M. (1997a). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Byram, M. (1997b). Face to Face. Learning ‘Language-and-Culture’ through Visits and Exchanges. London: Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research.
  • Byram, M. (2006). “Language Teaching for Intercultural Citizenship: The European Situation.” Paper presented at the NZALT conference, University of Auckland, 1–13.
  • Byram, M. (2008) From Foreign Language Education to Education for Intercultural Citizenship. Essays and reflections. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
  • Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: a practical introduction for teachers. Available at: http://www.lrc.cornell.edu/director/intercultural.pdf
  • Byram, M. & K. Risager. 1999. Language Teachers, Politics and Cultures. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Chamberlin‐Quinlisk, C. (2010) Language learner/native speaker interactions: exploring adaptability in intercultural encounters, Intercultural Education, 21:4,365-377.
  • Chen, G. M (1989). Relationships of the dimensions of intercultural communication competence. Communication Quarterly, 37, 118-133.
  • Chen, G. M. (2005). A model of global communication competence. China Media Research, 1, 13-11.
  • Chen, G. M. (2007). A review of the concept of intercultural effectiveness. In M. Hinner (Ed.), The influence of culture in the world of business (pp. 95-116). Berlin, Germany: Peter Lang.
  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1996). Intercultural communication competence: A synthesis. Communication Yearbook, 19, 353-384.
  • Chieffo, L., & Griffiths, L. (2004). Large-scale assessment of student attitudes after a short-term study abroad program. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 165–177.
  • Conrick, M. (1999) Norm and standard as models in second language acquisition. In A. Chambers and D. Ó Baoill (eds) Intercultural Communication and Language Learning(pp. 175–183). Dublin: IRAAL.
  • Conway, C., Richards, H., Harvey, S., & Roskvist, A. (2010). Teacher provision of opportunities for learners to develop language knowledge and cultural knowledge. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 30(4), 449- 462.
  • Cook, V. (1999) Going beyond the native speaker in language teaching. TESOL Quarterly 33 (2), 185–209.
  • Corbett J. (2003). “An Intercultural Approach to English Language Teaching” in Languages For Intercultural Communication and Education 7, edited by: Michael Byram and Alison Phipps, Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto,Sydney: MULTILINGUAL MATTERS.
  • Coulby, D. (2006). Intercultural education: theory and practice. Intercultural Education, 17(3), 245-257.
  • Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V.L., Gutmann, M.,& Hanson, W. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In a Tashakkori& C. Teddlie (eds.) Handbook of mixed methods in social& behavioral research (pp. 209-240). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language. Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cupach, W.R., & Imahori, T.T. (1993). Identity Management Theory Communication competence in intercultural episodes and relationships. In R. L. Wiseman, & J. Koester (Eds.), Intercultural communication competence (pp. 112-131). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Dai, X., & Chen, G. (2015). On interculturality and intercultural communication competence. China Media Research, 11, 100–113.
  • Davies, L. & Read, A. (2005). Globalizing citizenship education? A critique of ‘global education’ and ‘citizenship education’. British Journal of Educational Studies, 53(1): 66–89.
  • Fantini, A. and Tirmizi, A. (2006). , Exploring and Assessing Intercultural Competence. World Learning Publications. Paper 1. http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/worldlearning_publications/1
  • Forsman, L. (2010) On the changing role of English language education: promoting respect for difference in the language classroom, Intercultural Education, 21:6, 505-518.
  • Gill, S. 2007. Overseas students’ intercultural adaptation as intercultural learning: A transformative framework. Journal of Comparative and International Education 37: 167–83.
  • Gill, S. (2010) The homecoming: an investigation into the effect that studying overseas had on Chinese postgraduates' life and work on their return to China, Compare, 40:3, 359-376
  • Gilroy, P. 2004. After empire: Melancholia or convivial culture? Abingdon: Routledge
  • Gnutzmann, C. (ed.). 1999. Teaching and Learning English as a Global Language. Tu¨bingen: Stauffenburg.
  • Grant, C.A. & Brueck, S. (2011). “A Global Invitation. Toward the extension of dialogue reflection and creative engagement for intercultural and multicultural education.” In Intercultural and Multicultural Education, edited by Carl A. Grant and Agostino Portera, 3-12. Newyork, London: Routledge
  • Gu, Q., Schweisfurth, M. & Day, C. (2010) Learning and growing in a ‘foreign’ context: intercultural experiences of international students, Compare, 40:1,7-23.
  • Gudykunst , W. B. ( 2005 ). An anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory of strangers' intercultural adjustment . In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 419 – 458 ). Thousand Oaks , Calif. : Sage
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  • Kukathas, Chandran (1997) ‘Cultural Toleration’, in Will Kymlicka and Ian Shapiro (eds) Ethnicity and Group Rights, Nomos XXXIX, Yearbook of the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy. New York: New York University Press.
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  • Li, D. 2012. “Linguistic Hegemony or Linguistic Capital? Internationalization and English-Medium Instruction at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.” In English-Medium Instruction at Universities: Global Challenges, edited by A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster, and J. M. Sierra, 65–83. New York: Multilingual Matters
  • Li, L., Mazer, J. P. & Ju, R. (2011). Resolving International Teaching Assistant Language Inadequacy through Dialogue: Challenges and Opportunities for Clarity and Credibility. Intercultural Education, 60, 4, 461- 478.
  • Littlewood, W. (1984). Foreign and Second Language Learning: Language Acquisition Research and Its Implications for the Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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  • Meyer, M. (1991) Developing transcultural competence: case studies of advanced foreign language learners, in: D. Buttjes & M. Byram (Eds) Mediating languages and cultures (Clevedon, Multilingual Matters).
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  • Parekh, B. 2006. Rethinking multiculturalism, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Patel, M. F. & Jain, P. M. (2008). English language teaching : (methods, tools & techniques). India Sunrise Publishers & Distributors:
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  • Pusch, M.D. (2004). “Intercultural training in historical perspective”. In Handbook of intercultural training, 3rd ed., Edited by: Landis, D., Bennett, J.M. and Bennett, M.J. 13–36. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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  • Ruben, B. D. (1976). Assessing communication competency for intercultural adaptation. Group & Organization Studies, 1, 334-354.
  • Ruben, B. D. (1977). Guidelines for cross-cultural communication effectiveness. Group & Organization Studies, 2, 470-479.
  • Ruben, B. D., & Kealey, D. J. (1979). Behavioral assessment of communication competency and the prediction of cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 3, 15-47.
  • Rubin, R. B. (1982). Assessing speaking and listening competence at college level: The Communication Competency Assessment Instrument. Communication Education, 31, 19-32.
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  • Savignon, S. (1983). Communicative Competence: Theory and Classroom Practice.Reading, MA: Addison- Wesley.
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  • Sercu, L., E. Bandura, P. Castro, L. Davcheva, C. Laskaridou, U. Lundgren, M. Mendez García and P. Ryan. (2005). Foreign Language Teachers and Intercultural Communication: An International Investigation. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Shi‐xu and Wilson, J. 2001. Will and power: Towards radical intercultural communication research and pedagogy. Language and Intercultural Communication, 1: 76–93.
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  • Spitzberg, B. H., & Changnon, G. (2009). Conceptualizing intercultural competence. In D. K. Deardorff (Ed.), The Sage handbook of intercultural competence (pp. 1–52). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
  • Stern, H.H. (1992) Issues and Options in Language Teaching, edited by P. Allen and B. Harley. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Stone, N. (2006). Conceptualising Intercultural Effectiveness for University Teaching. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10, 4, 334-356.
  • Table, A. (2016). Transitions in Polyamorous Identity and Intercultural Communication: An Application of Identity Management Theory. Master Thesis. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 4883. http://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4883
  • Vande Berg, M., Balkcum, A., Scheid, M., & Whalen, B. J. (2004). The Georgetown University consortium project: A report from the halfway mark. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 101– 116.
  • Vande Berg, M. (2007). Intervening in the learning of U.S. students abroad. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11, 392–399.
  • Vincenti, V. B. (2001). Exploration of the Relationship Between International Experiences and the Interdisciplinary Work of University Faculty. Journal of Studies in International Education, 5,1, 42-63.
  • Wiemann, J. M. (1977). Explication and test of model of communication competence. Human Communication Research, 3, 195-213.
  • Williams, T. R. (2005). Exploring the Impact of Study Abroad on Students’ Intercultural Communication Skills: Adaptability and Sensitivity. Journal of Studies in International Education 9 (4): 356–371.
  • Wiseman, R. L. (2003). Intercultural communication competence. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Cross-cultural and intercultural communication (pp. 191-208). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Yun Chiang, S. & Fu Mi, H. (2008). Reformulation as a strategy for managing ‘understanding uncertainty’ in office hour interactions between international teaching assistants and American college students. Intercultural Education, 19, 3, 269-281.
Toplam 104 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Eğitim Bilimleri
Yazarlar

Seçil Tümen Akyıldız

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tümen Akyıldız, S. (2019). A STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERCULTURAL EFFECTIVENESS: INTERCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF EFL LEARNERS. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences, 29(2), 123-147. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.578159