Evaluation of daylight performance in traditional dwellings: Main room/living room (başoda) of Kula traditional dwellings

Öz

Daylight is one of the main factors among the features that determine the original space qualities in traditional houses. The daylight features of the spaces also determine the authentic space atmosphere and should be considered among the features to be preserved in the usage decisions. In traditional dwellings in Anatolia, the main room is the most lavish room, which has projections and is surrounded by windows on three sides. Therefore, in the buildings that are conserved for reuse, the main room should maintain its original daylight features. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the maintenance of daylight features in the restoration decisions of traditional dwellings. Within the scope of the study, daylight performance of the main rooms of Kaçıklar and Zabunlar Houses selected in Kula, Manisa was evaluated. The illuminance levels of the main rooms were measured during the four seasons; by calculating the ratio of the window area to the floor and wall areas, reflectance values of the surface materials and window glass permeability values were calculated. In the study, it was determined that the main room daylight performance of the Kaçıklar House was not sufficient for all four seasons, while it was for the Zabunlar House. As a result, while the restoration decisions are developed, opening the closed window in the main room of Kaçıklar House, cleaning the paint on the top windows and and selecting a light-coloured wall finishing material will increase the reflectance value and will positively affect the daylight performance; in Zabunlar House, on the other hand, removing the existing wooden glazing in the sofa in order to increase the daylight provided through the sofa and increasing the reflectance value by choosing a light-coloured wall finishing material will positively affect the daylight performance of the main room.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Traditional dwellings
• main room
• daylight performance
• architectural conservation

Geleneksel konutlarda günışığı aydınlığının değerlendirilmesi: Kula geleneksel konutlarında başoda

Öz

Geleneksel konutlarda özgün mekân niteliklerini belirleyen özellikler arasında doğal aydınlatma, başlıca etmenlerden biridir. Mekânların doğal aydınlatma özellikleri, özgün mekân atmosferini de belirler ve kullanım kararlarında korunması gerekli özellikler arasında değerlendirilmelidir. Anadolu’daki geleneksel konutlarda, başoda, çıkmalı ve üç yönden pencerelerle çevrili en gösterişli mekândır. Bu nedenle, yeniden kullanılmak üzere onarılan yapılarda başoda, özgün doğal aydınlatma özelliklerini sürdürmelidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geleneksel konutların onarım kararlarında, doğal aydınlatma özelliklerinin sürdürülmesine dikkat çekmektir. Çalışma kapsamında Manisa, Kula’da seçilen Kaçıklar ve Zabunlar Evleri başodalarının doğal aydınlatma performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Dört mevsim boyunca başodaların aydınlık düzeyi değerleri ölçülmüş; pencere alanı ile taban ve duvar alanları oranları hesaplanarak, yüzeyleri oluşturan malzemelerin yansıtma çarpan değerleri ve pencere camının düzgün geçirme çarpan değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada, Kaçıklar Evi’nin başoda doğal aydınlatma performansının dört mevsim için yetersiz, Zabunlar Evi’nin ise yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, onarım kararları geliştirilirken Kaçıklar Evi’nin başodasında kapatılmış pencerenin açılması, tepe pencerelerindeki boyaların temizlenmesi ve duvar bitiş malzemesinin daha açık renk seçilerek yansıtma çarpanı değerinin arttırılması, doğal aydınlatma değerlerini olumlu etkileyecek, Zabunlar Evi’nde ise sofa yönünden sağlanan günışığının artırılması için sofada bulunan mevcut ahşap doğramalı camekânın kaldırılması ve duvar bitiş malzemesinin açık renkte seçilerek yansıtma çarpanı değerinin yükseltilmesi, başodanın aydınlatma düzeyini olumlu etkileyecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Geleneksel konutlar
• başoda
• doğal aydınlatma performansı
• mimari koruma

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