Nurses’ Perception of Therapeutic Communication: A Metaphor Study

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 380 - 385

Esra Uslu Türkan Peşkirci Aysel Özsaban Gülcan Kendirkıran

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1441344

Öz

Background and Aim: Therapeutic communication, vital for patient centered care, is often challenging for nurses to define. Metaphors offer a valuable tool for understanding this crucial aspect. This study was conducted to explain nurses' perceptions of therapeutic communication through metaphors.
Methods: This study was conducted with metaphor analysis technique based on phenomenological approach with 189 nurses as participants. Data collection occurred via an online survey in 2023, where participants completed the sentence, “Therapeutic communication is like ... because ...' The qualitative data were analyzed using Braun & Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis method.
Results: The study identified three main themes and nine subthemes. (i)Traits: magical, complex, continuous, essential, (ii)Benefits: offering support, healing, guidance, improving (iii)Obstacles: lack of awareness.
Conclusions: Nurses perceived therapeutic communication positively, yet obstacles indicate a need for greater awareness. These findings underscore the necessity of studies to enhance nurses' skills and attitudes in therapeutic communication.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metaphor, nurses, therapeutic communication

Hemşirelerin Terapötik İletişim Algısı: Bir Metafor Çalışması

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: Hasta merkezli bakım için hayati önem taşıyan terapötik iletişimi tanımlamak hemşireler için çoğu zaman zordur. Metaforlar bu önemli hususu anlamak için değerli bir araç sunar. Bu çalışmanın amacı hemşirelerin terapötik iletişim algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla tanımlamaktır.
Yöntemler: Çalışma fenomenolojik yaklaşım temelli metafor analizi tekniği kullanılarak 189 hemşirenin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama, 2023 yılında katılımcıların 'Terapötik iletişim ... gibidir. Çünkü...' cümlesini tamamladığı çevrimiçi bir anket aracılığıyla gerçekleştirildi. Nitel verilerin analizinde Braun & Clarke'ın altı adımlı tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmada üç ana tema ve dokuz alt tema belirlendi; (i)Özellikler: büyülü, karmaşık, sürekli, temel, (ii)Faydalar: destek sunma, iyileştirme, rehberlik etme, iyileştirme (iii)Engeller: farkındalık eksikliği.
Sonuç: Hemşireler terapötik iletişimi olumlu algılamaktadır ancak engeller daha fazla farkındalığa ihtiyaç duyulduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular hemşirelerin terapötik iletişim konusundaki beceri ve tutumlarını geliştirmeye yönelik çalışmaların gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşireler, metafor, terapötik iletişim.

Kaynakça

• Amoah VMK, Anokye R, Boakye DS, et al. A qualitative assessment of perceived barriers to effective therapeutic communication among nurses and patients. BMC Nurs, 2019;18(4). doi:10.1186/s12912-019-0328-0
• Rider EA, Kurtz S, Slade D, et al. The International Charter for Human Values in Healthcare: an interprofessional global collaboration to enhance values and communication in healthcare. Patient Educ Couns. 2014;96(3):273-280. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2014.06.017
• Fite RO, Assefa M, Demissie A, Belachew T. Predictors of therapeutic communication between nurses and hospitalized patients. Heliyon, 2019;5(10):e02665. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02665
• Younis, J. R., Mabrouk, S. M., & Kamal, F. F. (2015). Effect of the planned therapeutic communication program on therapeutic communication skills of pediatric nurses. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 5(8), 109. doi:10.5430/jnep.v5n8p109
• Mirhaghi A, Sharafi S, Bazzi A, Hasanzadeh F. Therapeutic Relationship: Is It Still Heart of Nursing? Nursing Reports. 2017; 7(1):6129. doi:10.4081/nursrep.2017.6129
• Blake T, Blake T. Improving therapeutic communication in nursing through simulation exercise. Teach Learn Nurs, 2019;14(4):260-264. doi:10.1016/j.teln.2019.06.003
• Peplau HE. Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations. Nurs Sci Q, 1997;10(4):162-167. doi:10.1177/089431849701000407
• Finset A. 50 years of research on the effect of physician communication behavior on health outcomes. Patient Educ Couns. 2014;1(96), 1-2. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2014.05.018
• Lotfi M, Zamanzadeh V, Valizadeh L, Khajehgoodari M. Assessment of nurse–patient communication and patient satisfaction from nursing care. Nurs Open, 2019, 26;6(3):1189-1196. doi:10.1002/nop2.316
• Campbell SH, Aredes ND. Global interprofessional therapeutic communication scale (GITCS): Development and validation. Clin Simul Nurs, 2019;34:30-42. doi:10.1016/j.ecns.2021.12.006
• Kirca N, Bademli K. Relationship between communication skills and care behaviors of nurses. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 2019;55(4):624-631. doi:10.1111/ppc.12381
• Arkorful VE, Hammond A, Basiru I. et al. A Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study of Barriers to Effective Therapeutic Communication among Nurses and Patients. International Journal of Public Administration, 2020;44(6):500-512. doi:10.1080/01900692.2020.1729797
• Sulina A, Meliala SA, Najihah K. Relationship Between Nurse Therapeutic Communication with Patient Satisfaction in Outpatient Installation of Special Eye Hospital. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study, 2023;4(2):28-35. doi:10.47616/jamrmhss.v4i2.389
• Kwame A, Petrucka PM. Communication in nurse-patient interaction in healthcare settings in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. Int J Af Nurs Sci, 2020;12:100198. doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100198
• Xue W, Heffernan C. Therapeutic communication within the nurse–patient relationship: A concept analysis. Int J Nurs Pract. 2021;27(6):e12938. doi:10.1111/ijn.12938
• Appiah EO, Oti-Boadi E, Ani-Amponsah M, et al. Barriers to nurses’ therapeutic communication practices in a district hospital in Ghana. BMC Nurs. 2023;22(1):1-11. doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01191-2
• Dalcali BK, Kaya H. Mental images of nursing students regarding nursing profession: A metaphoric study. Int J Caring Sci. 2020;13(3):1621-1628.
• Parsi K. War metaphors in health care: What are they good for? Am J Bioeth. 2016;16(10):1–2. doi:10.1080/15265161.2016.1221245
• Woodside JM. Organizational health management through metaphor: a mission-based approach. J Health Organ Manag. 2018;21;32(3):374-393. doi:10.1108/JHOM-05-2017-0098
• Kuntz AM, Presnall MM. Wandering the tactical: From interview to intraview. Qualitative Inquiry, 2012;18(9):732–744. doi:10.1177/1077800412453016
• Tanrıverdi H, Kahraman O. C. Metafor Analizi. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Eğitim Yayınevi, Konya, 1st ed. 2018, pp.275-286.
• Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol, 2006;3(2):77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
• Cypress BS. Rigor or reliability and validity in qualitative research: Perspectives, strategies, reconceptualization, and recommendations. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2017;36(4):253-263. doi:10.1097/DCC.0000000000000253
• Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19:349-57. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
• Abdolrahimi M, Ghiyasvandian S, Zakerimoghadam M, Ebadi A. Therapeutic communication in nursing students: A Walker & Avant concept analysis. Electron Physician, 2017;9(8):4968. doi:10.19082/4968
• Hurley J. A qualitative study of mental health nurse identities: many roles, one profession. Int J Ment Health Nurs, 2009;18(6), 383-390. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0349.2009.00625.x
• Sherko E, Sotiri E, Lika E. Therapeutic communication. JAHR-European Journal of Bioethics. 2013;4(7):457–66.
• Kourkouta L, Papathanasiou IV. Communication in nursing practice. Mater Sociomed. 2014;26(1):65-67. doi:10.5455/msm.2014.26.65-67
• Rezende LCM, Costa KNFM, Martins KP et al. Therapeutic communication between nurses and patients in pre-operative during an admission in a medical surgical unit. J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 2013;7(8):5280-7. doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v7i8a11804p5280-5287-2013
• Street RL Jr, Makoul G, Arora NK, Epstein RM. How does communication heal? Pathways linking clinician–patient communication to health outcomes. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;74(3):295-301. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.015
• Martin CT, Chanda N. Mental health clinical simulation: Therapeutic communication. Clin Simul Nurs. 2016;12(6):209-214. doi:10.1016/j.ecns.2016.02.007.
• Özcan A. Nurse-patient relationship and communication, Sistem Offset, Ankara. 2012
• Travelbee, J. To find meaning in illness. Nursing, 1972;2(12), pp.6-8. doi:10.1097/00152193-197212000-00002
• Association for Evaluation and Accreditation of Nursing Education Programs (HEPDAK). 2023. Accessed: 1 July 2023 https://www.hepdak.org.tr/