OPTIMIZATION OF CAROTENOID EXTRACTION FROM INDUSTRIAL TOMATO WASTE BY RESPONCE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Öz

In this study, carotenoid extraction was performed by conventional and ultrasound-assisted method (UAE) from wastes obtained from a tomato processing plant. Ethyl acetate was used as the solvent and parameters were optimized by the response surface methodology (Box-Benhken design). The temperature was kept constant and ultrasonic power (30-60-90 W), solid:solvent ratio (1:10, 1:30, 1:50 g/mL) and time (5-20-35 min) were studied. In addition, in the conventional method, the tomato peel:solvent ratio was 1:30 g/mL and the extraction process was carried out at 75oC for 120 min. The highest lycopene (197.12 mg/kg) and β-carotene (12.95 mg/kg) amounts were obtained at solid:solvent ratio of 1:50 g/mL, extraction time of 35 min, and ultrasonic power of 60 W. The amount of lycopene and β-carotene was 21.4% less and 11.0% more in UAE, respectively. The fit model for lycopene was quadratic-polynomial, while the linear model was found to be suitable for β-carotene.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tomato waste
• Lycopene
• Ultrasound
• Extraction

ENDÜSTRİYEL DOMATES ATIKLARINDAN KAROTENOİD EKSTRAKSİYONUNUN YANIT YÜZEY YÖNTEMİ İLE OPTİMİZASYONU

Öz

Bu çalışmada, bir domates işleme tesisinden temin edilen atıklardan geleneksel ve ultrason destekli yöntemle karotenoid ekstraksiyonu yapılmıştır. Çözücü olarak etil asetat kullanılmış ve yanıt yüzey yöntemi (response surface methodology, RSM) ile ultrason işleminde uygulanacak parametreler optimize edilmiştir. Ekstraksiyon şartlarından sıcaklık sabit tutularak ultrasonik güç (30-60-90 W), katı:çözgen oranı (1:10, 1:30, 1:50 g/mL) ve süre (5-20-35 dk) üzerinde çalışılmış, elde edilen ekstraktların karotenoid içeriği HPLC cihazında belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca geleneksel yöntemde domates kabuğu:etil asetat oranı 1:30 g/mL olacak şekilde ayarlanarak 75oC’de 120 dk ekstraksiyon işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Box-Benhken tasarımı yardımıyla belirlenen parametreler doğrultusunda örnek:çözücü oranı 1:50, süre 35 dk, güç 60 W koşullarında en yüksek likopen (197.12 mg/kg) ve β-karoten (12.95 mg/kg) miktarları elde edilmiştir. Geleneksel yöntemle karşılaştırıldığında ultrason ekstraksiyonunda likopen miktarı %21.4 daha az, β-karoten miktarı ise %11.0 daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uygulanan tasarımda likopen için uyumlu olan model ikinci dereceden polinom olurken, β-karoten için doğrusal modelin uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Domates atığı
• Likopen
• β-Karoten
• Ultrases
• Ekstraksiyon
• Tomato waste
• Lycopene
• Ultrasound
• Extraction

Kaynakça

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