PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L. YAĞININ KOSOLVENT ILE MODİFİYE EDİLMİŞ SIVI ve SUPERKRİTİK KARBONDİOKSİT İLE EKSTRAKSİYONU ve FENOLİK BİLEŞİKLER, YAĞ ASİDİ PROFİLİ VE TOKOFEROLLERIN ANALİZİ

Öz

Çalışmada Pistacia terebinthus L, sıvı ve süperkritik karbondioksit ile yardımcı çözücü (etanol) kullanılarak ekstrakte edilmiştir. Bu amaçla farklı sıcaklık (30 ve 50°C), basınç (250, 300 ve 350 bar), ekstraksiyon süresi (60 ve 120 dakika) ve yardımcı çözücü yüzdelerinin (0, 5 ve 10%) etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ekstraksiyon sonrasında elde edilen yağların fenolik bileşik ve tokoferol içerikleri ve yağ asidi kompozisyonu belirlenmiştir. Fenolik bileşiklerin analizi HPLC, tokoferollerin analizi UHPLC ve yağ asidi kompozisyonunun analizi için GC kullanılmıştır. Fenolik bileşikler arasında en yüksek oran Kuersetine ait bulunmuştur. Elde edilen yağın doymamış yağ asitleri bakımından zengin olduğu bulunmuştur (69.68 – 75.47%.). Doymamış yağ asitlerince zengin olan yağda oleik asit baskın, doymuş yağ asitleri içinde ise palmitik asidin ana bileşen olduğu bulunmuştur. Yağın toplam tokoferol içeriğinin 13.07-245.3 ppm arasında ve ana tokoferolün β-tokoferol olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma, fenolik bileşiklerin miktarının, yağ asidi kompozisyonunun ve tokoferol içeriğinin parametrelere göre değiştiğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pistacia terebinthus L
• Superkritik karbondioksit
• Fenolik bileşikler
• tokoferoller
• yağ asidi komposizyonu

PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L. OIL EXTRACTION BY LIQUID and SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE MODIFIED WITH A CO-SOLVENT AND EVALUATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, FATTY ACIDS PROFILE AND TOCOPHEROLS

Öz

The Pistacia terebinthus L was extracted using liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide together with a co-solvent (ethanol). The effect of different temperatures (30 and 50°C), pressure (250, 300, and 350 bar), extraction time (60 and 120 min), and different percentages of co-solvent (0, 5, and 10%) was investigated. The amount of phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and fatty acid composition was determined. HPLC, UHPLC and GC were used for analysis of phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and fatty acid composition respectively. Quercetin was the main phenolic compound. The oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids which were between 69.68 – 75.47%. Oleic acid was the predominant unsaturated fatty acid, and the main saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid. Total tocopherol content of the oil was between 13.07-245.3 ppm and the main tocopherol was β-tocopherol. The study showed that the amount of phenolic compounds, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content were changed according to the parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pistacia terebinthus L
• supercritical carbon dioxide
• phenolic compounds
• tocopherols
• fatty acid composition

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