ALTERNATİF PROTEİN KAYNAĞI OLARAK MAKROALGLER VE MAKROALGAL PROTEİNLERİN EKSTRAKSİYONU: BİR DERLEME ÇALIŞMASI

Öz

Nüfus artışı, ekilebilir arazi ve su kaynaklarının giderek azalması ve hayvancılığın olumsuz çevresel etkisi alternatif protein kaynaklarını bulma konusunda araştırma yapmayı gerekli kılmaktadır. Biyoaktif bileşenler açısından zengin olan makroalgler potansiyel sağlık yararları nedeni ile ilgi çekmektedir. Makroalgler, ekilebilir araziye ihtiyaç duymadan yetiştirilebilmeleri nedeni ile karasal bitkilere göre önemli bir avantaja sahiptir. Ayrıca, makroalgler diğer bitkisel ve hayvansal kaynaklı proteinlere kıyasla protein ve amino asit içeriği açısından önemli ölçüde zengindir. Ancak, makroalglerden protein ekstraksiyonu için kullanılan geleneksel yöntemler yüksek enerji ve su tüketiminin yanı sıra düşük ekstraksiyon verimi nedeniyle dezavantajlar sunmaktadır ve bu da makroalgal proteinlerin kullanılabilirliğini sınırlamaktadır. Bu noktada, makroalglerden proteinlerin ekstraksiyonu için düşük maliyetli, yeni ve sürdürülebilir teknolojilere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, öncelikle makroalglerin özellikleri, protein kalitesi, amino asit bileşimi ve sindirilebilirliğine dayalı olarak kullanım potansiyelleri açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca, makroalglerden proteinlerin ekstraksiyonu için enzimatik, darbeli elektrik alan, ultrases, mikrodalga, yüksek basınç ve sub-kritik akışkan ekstraksiyon gibi yeni yöntemler tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Makroalg
• deniz yosunu
• protein
• ekstraksiyon
• yeni teknolojiler

MACROALGAE AS ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN SOURCES AND EXTRACTION OF MACROALGAL PROTEIN: A REVIEW STUDY

Öz

ncreased population, decrease in arable land and water supplies, and the detrimental environmental impact of husbandry have prompted research into alternate protein sources. Macroalgae, rich in bioactive chemicals, are gaining popularity due to their potential health advantages. Macroalgae have a significant advantage over terrestrial plants in that they can be cultivated without needing arable land. In addition, macroalgae are significantly rich in protein and amino acid content compared to other plant and animal proteins. However, traditional methods used for protein extraction from macroalgae present disadvantages due to high energy and water consumption and low extraction efficiency, which limits the usability of macroalgal proteins. At this point, protein extraction from macroalgae requires low-cost, innovative, and sustainable technology. This review indicates the properties of macroalgae and their potential for use based on their protein quality, amino acid composition and digestibility. Also, new methods such as enzymatic, pulsed electric field, ultrasound, high pressure, and sub-critic water extraction for extracting proteins from macroalgae were discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Macroalgae
• seaweed
• protein
• extraction
• novel technologies

Kaynakça

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