STARCH EXTRACTION FROM HORSE CHESTNUT (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) SEEDS USING ULTRASONIC AND ALKALINE METHODS AND OPTIMIZATION

Öz

The aim of this study was to extract and optimize starch from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) seeds using alkaline and ultrasound-assisted methods. Optimum extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology (D-optimal design) and extracts were obtained at the points where the highest starch yield was determined. For the alkaline method, sample/solvent ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 w/v), extraction time (3-12 h), NaOH ratio (0.25-1 N) were selected and applied as independent process variables, while for the ultrasound-assisted method, 37 W ultrasound power was selected and applied as a constant and sample/solvent ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 w/v), extraction time (30-120 min), NaOH ratio (0.25-1 N) as independent process variables. The optimum extraction time, NaOH ratio, and sample/solvent ratio were determined to be 12 h, 1%, and 1:3 w:v for the alkaline method, respectively, and 2 h, 0.68%, and 1:3 w:v for the ultrasonic-assisted method, respectively. The ultrasonic-assisted method caused an increase in the ash content and b* color value of the starches. Increasing the extraction time and the amount of solvent increased the starch yield.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Horse chestnut
• D-Optimal
• Starch
• Optimization

AT KESTANESİ (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.) TOHUMLARINDAN ULTRASONİK VE ALKALİ YÖNTEMLER KULLANARAK NİŞASTA EKSTRAKSİYONU VE OPTİMİZASYONU

Öz

Bu çalışmada alkali ve ultrason destekli yöntemler kullanılarak at kestanesi (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) tohumlarından nişasta ekstraksiyonu ve optimizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda optimum ekstraksiyon koşulları yanıt yüzey yöntemi (D-optimal tasarımı) kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve en yüksek nişasta veriminin belirlendiği noktalarda ekstraktlar elde edilmiştir. Alkali yöntem için numune/çözücü oranı (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 w/v), ekstraksiyon süresi (3-12 saat), NaOH oranı (0.25-1 N) bağımsız işlem değişkenleri, ultrason destekli yöntem için 37W ultrason gücü sabit olarak numune/çözücü oranı (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 w/v), ekstraksiyon süresi (30-120 dakika), NaOH oranı (0.25-1 N) bağımsız işlem değişkenleri olarak seçilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Optimum ekstraksiyon süresi, NaOH oranı ve numune/çözücü oranı alkali yöntem için sırasıyla 12 saat, %1 ve 1:3 w:v; ultrason destekli yöntem için ise sırasıyla 2 saat, %0.68 ve 1:3 w:v olarak belirlenmiştir. Ultrason destekli yöntem nişastaların kül içeriğinde ve b* renk değerinde artışa neden olmuştur. Ekstraksiyon süresi ve çözgen miktarının artması nişasta verimini arttırmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• At kestanesi
• D-Optimal
• Nişasta
• Optimizasyon

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