POST-HARVEST PROCESSES AND COMBINED APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND FOOD WASTE

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 4, 585 - 605, 10.08.2025

Dila Beşen , Asiye Akyıldız

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD25047

Öz

Problems in the production of fruits and vegetables due to global warming restrict access to food especially in underdeveloped countries. Innovative, efficient and environmentally friendly methods should be applied to reduce post-harvest losses and extend shelf life. In this literature review, the effects of the combination of traditional and innovative post-harvest methods such as edible coating, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), irradiation, UV-C application on the quality and shelf life of fruits and vegetables were examined. It was observed that combined methods such as hot water+gamma irradiation, MAP+UV-C, 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)+UV-C, MAP+irradiation, edible coating+MAP provide better results than single applications. With the synergistic effect of these combined methods, product quality can be preserved, shelf life can be extended, and product weight losses can be mitigated. These applications support sustainable development by reducing food waste, famine risk and carbon emissions originating from agricultural products.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Post-Harvest Losses and Prevention Methods , Sustainability , MAP , Active and edible coatings , Food Waste , Shelf Life

SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK VE GIDA İSRAFI YÖNÜNDEN HASAT SONRASI İŞLEMLER VE KOMBİNE UYGULAMALAR

Öz

Küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak meyve ve sebzelerin üretiminde görülen sorunlar özellikle az gelişmiş ülkelerde gıdaya erişimi kısıtlamaktadır. Hasat sonrası kayıpların azaltılması ve raf ömrünün uzatılması için inovatif, verimli ve çevre dostu metotlar uygulanmalıdır. Bu literatür taramasında, hasat sonrası uygulanan geleneksel metotlar ile yenilebilir kaplama, modifiye atmosferde paketleme (MAP), ışınlama, UV-C gibi inovatif yöntemlerin kombinasyonunun meyve ve sebzelerin kalite ve raf ömrü üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Sıcak su+gama ışınlaması, MAP+UV-C, 1-Metilsiklopropenin (1-MCP)+UV-C, MAP+ışınlama, yenilebilir kaplama+MAP gibi kombine yöntemlerin tekil uygulamalardan daha olumlu sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. Bu kombine yöntemlerin sinerjik etkisiyle ürün kalitesinin korunması, raf ömrünün uzatılması, ağırlık ve ürün kayıplarının azaltılması sağlanabilmektedir. Bu uygulamalar, gıda ısrafının, kıtlık riskinin ve tarımsal ürünlerden kaynaklanan karbon emisyonlarının azalmasını sağlayarak sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı destekleyecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hasat Sonrası Kayıplar ve Engelleme Yöntemleri , Sürdürülebilirlik , MAP , Aktif ve yenilebilir kaplamalar , Gıda İsrafı , Raf Ömrü , Karbon Emisyonu

Kaynakça

• Abubakar, M. M., Norida, M., Rafii, M. Y., Nakasha, J. J. (2020). Effects of post-harvest hot water treatments on the fungi contamination, physiology and quality of rock melon fruit. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 14(7), 1081-1087.
• Adegoroye, A., Olubunmi-Ajayi, T. S., Akinbola, A. E., Oguntuase, D. T. (2023). Socioeconomic and performance of agripreneurs: A case study of dried melon value chain in Owo local government of Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 5(12), 851-862.
• Aier, J., Panda, K. K., Siddiqui, N., Paul, D. (2024). Potential role of post-harvest management in agribusiness. In BIO Web of Conferences (Vol. 110, p. 04001). EDP Sciences.
• Akkurt, F., Yılmaz, E., Şen, F. (2024). Determination of the Effects of Some Post-Harvest Treatments on the Quality of Banana Fruits During Storage and After Ripening. Meyve Bilimi, 11(1), 43-51.
• Ali, A., Tan, Y., Medani, K., Xia, C., Abdullahi, N. M., Mahmood, I., Yang, S. (2025). Horticultural postharvest loss’ and its socio-economic and environmental impacts. Journal of Environmental Management, 373, 123458.
• Ali, M., Ali, A., Ali, S., Chen, H., Wu, W., Liu, R., ..., Gao, H. (2025). Global insights and advances in edible coatings or films toward quality maintenance and reduced postharvest losses of fruit and vegetables: An updated review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 24(1), e70103.
• Alonso-Salinas, R., López-Miranda, S., Pérez-López, A. J., Acosta-Motos, J. R. (2024). Strategies to delay ethylene-mediated ripening in climacteric fruits: Implications for shelf life extension and postharvest quality. Horticulturae, 10(8), 840.
• Amiri, A., Mortazavi, S. M. H., Ramezanian, A., Mahmoodi Sourestani, M., Mottaghipisheh, J., Iriti, M., Vitalini, S. (2021). Prevention of decay and maintenance of bioactive compounds in strawberry by application of UV-C and essential oils. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15(6), 5310-5317.
• Anand, S., Barua, M. K. (2022). Modeling the key factors leading to post-harvest loss and waste of fruits and vegetables in the agri-fresh produce supply chain. Computers and electronics in agriculture, 198, 106936.
• Ananno, A. A., Masud, M. H., Chowdhury, S. A., Dabnichki, P., Ahmed, N., Arefin, A. M. E. (2021). Sustainable food waste management model for Bangladesh. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 35-51.
• Araújo, A. S., de Lima, G. S., dos Santos Nunes, I., de Oliveira Farias, J. C. R., Navarro, D. M. D. A. F., Melo, N. F. C. B., ..., Stamford, T. C. M. (2024). Chitosan hydrochloride-gum Arabic-passion fruit seed oil nanoparticle edible coating to control fungal infection and maintain quality parameters of strawberries. Food Control, 161, 110360.
• Asrey, R., Sharma, S., Barman, K., Prajapati, U., Negi, N., Meena, N. K. (2023). Biological and postharvest interventions to manage the ethylene in fruit: a review. Sustainable Food Technology.
• Badamosi, A. P., Olutumise, A. I., Olukoya, O. P., Adegoroye, A., Aturamu, O. A. (2024). Socioeconomic impacts of flooding and its coping strategies in Nigeria: Evidence from Dagiri community, Gwagwalada area council of Abuja. Natural Hazards Research, 4(3), 374-386.
• Barrera, E. L., Hertel, T. (2021). Global food waste across the income spectrum: Implications for food prices, production and resource use. Food Policy, 98, 101874.
• Basir, M. Y., Adenan, M. Z. (2019). Investigation the effect of gamma irradiation on mass preservation of the local mango fruit (chokanan sp.). Health Scope, 1, 147-148.
• Baswal, A. K., Dhaliwal, H. S., Singh, Z., Mahajan, B. V. C. (2021). Post-harvest application of methyl jasmonate, 1-methylcyclopropene and salicylic acid elevates health-promoting compounds in cold-stored ‘kinnow’mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour x C. deliciosa Tenora) Fruit. International Journal of Fruit Science, 21(1), 147-157.
• Ben-Fadhel, Y., Cingolani, M. C., Li, L., Chazot, G., Salmieri, S., Horak, C., Lacroix, M. (2021). Effect of γ-irradiation and the use of combined treatments with edible bioactive coating on carrot preservation. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 28, 100635.
• Bhan, C., Asrey, R., Meena, N. K., Rudra, S. G., Chawla, G., Kumar, R., Kumar, R. (2022). Guar gum and chitosan-based composite edible coating extends the shelf life and preserves the bioactive compounds in stored Kinnow fruits. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 222, 2922-2935.
• Bilgin, A. B., Güneş, G. (2024). Effects of ultraviolet–C treatment on postharvest physiologies and decay of berries: A review. ITU Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2(2), 85-100.
• Bisht, B., Bhatnagar, P., Gururani, P., Kumar, V., Tomar, M. S., Sinhmar, R., ..., Kumar, S. (2021). Food irradiation: Effect of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on preservation of fruits and vegetables–a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 114, 372-385.
• Boonkorn, P. (2016). Impact of hot water soaking on antioxidant enzyme activities and some qualities of storage tomato fruits. International Food Research Journal, 23(3), 934.
• Bu, J., Yu, Y., Aisikaer, G., Ying, T. (2013). Postharvest UV-C irradiation inhibits the production of ethylene and the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes during softening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 86, 337-345.
• Chai, J., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Yong, K., Liu, Z. (2021). 1-MCP extends the shelf life of ready-to-eat ‘Hayward’and ‘Qihong’kiwifruit stored at room temperature. Scientia Horticulturae, 289, 110437.
• Chiabrando, V., Giacalone, G. (2020). Efficacy of hot water treatment as sanitizer for minimally processed table grape. Journal of Cleaner Production, 257, 120364.
• Chowdhury, R., Mim, S. J., Tasnim, A., Ng, K. T. W., Richter, A. (2025). Supply-disposition storage of fresh fruits and vegetables and food loss in the Canadian supply chain. Ecological Indicators, 170, 113063.
• da Silva Pinheiro, J. M., Mizobutsi, G. P., Mizobutsi, E. H., Nogueira, B., de Souza, M. H. M. C., Aguiar, M. C. S., ..., Maia, V. M. (2012). Maturation control of sugar apple using 1-methylcyclopropene, modified atmosphere packaging and cooling. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 10(2), 217-220.
• DeEll, J. R., Murr, D. P., Porteous, M. D., Rupasinghe, H. V. (2002). Influence of temperature and duration of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on apple quality. Postharvest biology and Technology, 24(3), 349-353.
• Devi, L. S., Mukherjee, A., Sharma, S., Katiyar, V., Dutta, J., Kumar, S. (2025). Natural wax-based edible coatings for preserving postharvest quality of mandarin orange. Food Chemistry: X, 26, 102302.
• Doğan, A., Kurubaş, M. S., Erkan, M. (2017). Farklı dozlarda 1-Metilsiklopropen (1-MCP) uygulamalarının ‘Hass’ avokado çeşidinin depolanması üzerine etkileri. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 30(2), 71-78.
• Ebrahimi, A., Zabihzadeh Khajavi, M., Ahmadi, S., Mortazavian, A. M., Abdolshahi, A., Rafiee, S., Farhoodi, M. (2022). Novel strategies to control ethylene in fruit and vegetables for extending their shelf life: A review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(5), 4599-4610.
• El-Ramady, H. R., Domokos-Szabolcsy, É., Abdalla, N. A., Taha, H. S., Fári, M. (2015). Postharvest management of fruits and vegetables storage. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews: Volume 15, 65-152.
• Elik, A., Yanik, D. K., Istanbullu, Y., Guzelsoy, N. A., Yavuz, A., Gogus, F. (2019). Strategies to reduce post-harvest losses for fruits and vegetables. Strategies, 5(3), 29-39.
• Elizabeth, R., Anugrah, I. S. (2020). Akselerasi hilirisasi produk agroindustri berdayasaing mendongkrak kesejahteraan petani dan ekonomi pedesaan. Jurnal Mimbar Agribisnis, 6(2), 890-918.
• Emmanuel, O. K., Aria, J., Jose, D., Diego, C. (2025). Advancements in Postharvest and Food Processing Technology: Ensuring Food Quality and Sustainability.
• Fadiji, T., Bokaba, T., Fawole, O. A., Twinomurinzi, H. (2023). Artificial intelligence in postharvest agriculture: mapping a research agenda. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1226583.
• Fallik, E., Ilić, Z. (2021). The influence of physical treatments on phytochemical changes in fresh produce after storage and marketing. Agronomy, 11(4), 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY11040788
• Fan, X., Niemira, B. A. (2020). Gamma ray, electron beam, and X-ray irradiation. Food safety engineering, 471-492.
• Fawole, O. A., Riva, S. C., Opara, U. L. (2020). Efficacy of edible coatings in alleviating shrivel and maintaining quality of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) during export and shelf life conditions. Agronomy, 10(7), 1023.
• Ganesh, K. S., Sridhar, A., Vishali, S. (2022). Utilization of fruit and vegetable waste to produce value-added products: Conventional utilization and emerging opportunities-A review. Chemosphere, 287, 132221.
• Gemida, J. V., Ardeña, R. A., Pillones, C. T. (2023). Shelf life of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in different post-harvest treatments. International Research Journal of Science, Technology, Education, and Management, 3, 41-49.
• Gimeno Martínez, D., González Buesa, J., Oria, R., Venturini, M. E., Arias, E. (2022). Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and UV-C Irradiation on Postharvest Quality of Red Raspberries.
• Gorgulu A. (2025). Sustainable agriculture and climate solutions for the future of food security. GIDA (2025) 50 (1) 1-14 doi: 10.15237/ gida.GD24099
• Gulati, A., Das, R., Winter-Nelson, A. (2024). Reducing Post-Harvest Losses in Indian Agriculture-A Case Study of Selected Crops (No. 20). Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, India.
• Gupta, V., Meena, N. K., Sharma, Y. K., Choudhary, K. (2023). Comparative study of different polysaccharide‐based edible coatings on physicochemical attributes and bioactive compounds of mango cv. Dashehari fruits. eFood, 4(1), e55.
• Güneş, E., Öziyci, H. R., Gübbük, H. (2024). ‘Sel-42’ve ‘Tainung’papaya çeşitlerinin soğukta muhafazasında meyve kalite parametrelerindeki değişim üzerine 1-metilsiklopropenin (1-MCP) etkisi. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(4), 625-637.
• Harun-Ar-Rashid, M., Borman, B. C., Hasna, M. K., Begum, H. A. (2019). Effects of non-chemical treatments on postharvest diseases, shelf life and quality of papaya under two different maturity stages.
• Hussain, I., Rab, A., Khan, N. U., Sajid, M., Ali, N., Khan, S. M., Ali, S. (2017). Effect of chilling exposure and vapor heat treatment duration on the quality of sweet orange during simulated marketing. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus, 16(5), 39-47.
• Hussain, P. R., Rather, S. A., Suradkar, P. P., Ayob, O. (2019). Gamma irradiation treatment of quince fruit (Cydonia oblonga Mill): effect on post-harvest retention of storage quality and inhibition of fungal decay. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 12(1),118-131.
• Imahori, Y., Bai, J. (2024). Postharvest Management of Fruits and Vegetables—Series II. Foods, 13(7), 1049. Ito, Y., Nishizawa-Yokoi, A., Endo, M., Mikami, M., Toki, S. (2015). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the RIN locus that regulates tomato fruit ripening. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 467(1), 76-82.
• İşlek, F., Çavuşoğlu, Ş. (2024). Yenipazar Biber Çeşidinde Yenilebilir Kaplama Uygulamalarının Hasat Sonrası Fizyolojisi Üzerine Etkileri. Ejons Internatıonal Journal, 8(3), 366-373.
• Jat, L., Lakhawat, S. S. (2021). Effect of gamma irradiation treatment at phytosanitary dose level on physiological and consumer traits of Indian ber. Part 1. Cultivar ‘Umran’. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 179, 109209.
• Jodhani, K. A., Nataraj, M. (2021). Synergistic effect of Aloe gel (Aloe vera L.) and Lemon (Citrus Limon L.) peel extract edible coating on shelf life and quality of banana (Musa spp.). Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15, 2318-2328.
• Kalaiselvan, R. R., Sugumar, A., Radhakrishnan, M. (2018). Gamma irradiation usage in fruit juice extraction. In Fruit juices(pp. 423-435). Academic Press.
• Kan, J., Hui, Y., Lin, X., Liu, Y., Jin, C. (2021). Postharvest ultraviolet‐C treatment of peach fruit: Changes in transcriptome profile focusing on genes involved in softening and senescence. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45(10), e15813.
• Kargwal, R., Garg, M. K., Singh, V. K., Garg, R., Kumar, N. (2020). Principles of modified atmosphere packaging for shelf life extension of fruits and vegetables: An overview of storage conditions. IJCS, 8(3), 2245-2252.
• Karoney, E. M., Molelekoa, T., Bill, M., Siyoum, N., Korsten, L. (2024). Global research network analysis of fresh produce postharvest technology: Innovative trends for loss reduction. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 208, 112642.
• Kembaren, E. T., Muchsin, M. (2021). Pengelolaan Pasca Panen Kopi Arabika Gayo Aceh. Jurnal Visioner & Strategis, 10(1).
• Khan, A. S., Singh, Z. (2009). 1-MCP application suppresses ethylene biosynthesis and retards fruit softening during cold storage of ‘Tegan Blue’Japanese plum. Plant Science, 176(4), 539-544.
• Killadi, B., Gurjar, P. S., Lenka, J., Chaurasia, R., Shukla, D. K. (2021). Optimization of hot water treatment of guava fruits cv.‘Shweta’to prolong cold storage. Int. J. Chem. Stud, 9, 410-415.
• Kummu, M., De Moel, H., Porkka, M., Siebert, S., Varis, O., Ward, P. J. (2012). Lost food, wasted resources: Global food supply chain losses and their impacts on freshwater, cropland, and fertiliser use. Science of the total environment, 438, 477-489.
• Lara, G., Takahashi, C., Nagaya, M., Uemura, K. (2022). Improving the shelf life stability of vacuum-packed fresh-cut peaches (Prunus persica L.) by radio frequency heating in water. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 57(6), 3251-3262.
• Li, S. J., Xie, X. L., Liu, S. C., Chen, K. S., Yin, X. R. (2019). Auto-and mutual-regulation between two CitERFs contribute to ethylene-induced citrus fruit degreening. Food Chemistry, 299, 125163.
• Linehan, V., Thorpe, S., Andrews, N., Beaini, F. (2012). Food demand to 2050: Opportunities for Australian agriculture–Algebraic description of agrifood model. In Proceedings of the Technical Annex to ABARES Outlook Conference Paper (Vol. 12).
• Liu, J., Sui, Y., Wisniewski, M., Droby, S., Tian, S., Norelli, J., Hershkovitz, V. (2012). Effect of heat treatment on inhibition of Monilinia fructicola and induction of disease resistance in peach fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 65, 61-68.
• Loisel, J., Duret, S., Cornuéjols, A., Cagnon, D., Tardet, M., Derens-Bertheau, E., Laguerre, O. (2021). Cold chain break detection and analysis: Can machine learning help?. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 112, 391-399.
• López-Díaz, A. S., Antonio-Gutiérrez, O., Palou, E., Mani-López, E., López-Malo, A., Ramírez-Corona, N. (2025). Post-harvest quality preservation of red globe grapes using grape juice-based edible coatings combined with UVC treatment. Food Chemistry, 470, 142678.
• Lu, Q., Yang, D., Xue, S. (2023). Effects of postharvest gamma irradiation on quality maintenance of Cara Cara navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) during storage. LWT, 184, 115017.
• Luo, N., Olsen, T. L., Liu, Y. (2021). A conceptual framework to analyze food loss and waste within food supply chains: An operations management perspective. Sustainability, 13(2), 927.
• Mahajan, M., Singla, P., Sharma, S. (2024). Sustainable postharvest processing methods for millets: A review on its value‐added products. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 47(1), e14313.
• Masud, M. H., Karim, A., Ananno, A. A., Ahmed, A. (2020). Sustainable food drying techniques in developing countries: prospects and challenges (p. 20220004385). Switzerland: Springer.
• Mditshwa, A., Khaliq, G., Hussein, Z., Ejaz, S. (2023). Sustainable postharvest management practices for fresh produce. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1143759.
• Meral, N., Şen, F., Yılmaz, E. (2024). ‘Farfia’Kayısı Meyvelerinin Depolanabilirliğine Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme ve 1-Metilsiklopropen Uygulamalarının Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 12(s1),2060-2068.
• Miao, J., Liu, W., Duan, M., Zhang, B., Shi, W., Chen, S., ..., Zhou, X. (2025). Effects of Postharvest Hot Water Treatment on the Preservation of Yunnan Citron. Available at SSRN 5099822.
• Mikus, M., Galus, S. (2025). Extending the Shelf Life of Apples After Harvest Using Edible Coatings as Active Packaging—A Review. Applied Sciences, 15(2), 767.
• Moon, Y., Shin, M. H., Kim, G. H., Kim, D. H., Kim, Y. H., Ma, K. B., ..., Kim, J. G. (2025). Effects of MAP and 1-MCP Treatments on the Quality of ‘Gampung’Sweet Persimmon during a Simulated Marketing Period. Horticultural Science and Technology, 43.
• Mope, C., Adegoroye, A., Oluwalade, T. A., Adeyelu, A. A. (2024). Ethylene Management in Fresh Produce Transport. Asian Journal of Food Research and Nutrition, 3(1), 60-71.
• Mulla, M. F. Z., Shonte, T. T., Pathania, S. (2025). Quality parameters and shelf life of strawberry (cv. Centenary) fruits as affected by active modified atmosphere packaging. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 60(1), vvaf010.
• Mutiarawati, T. (2007). Penanganan Pasca Panen Hasil Pertanian. Bandung. Universitas Padjadjaran, 1-5.
• Ng, L. C., Tan, J. S., Fauziah, T. A. (2022). Efficacy of ultraviolet-c irradiation to suppress fruit decay and retain the postharvest quality of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Malaysian Applied Biology, 51(1), 119-128.
• Ninama, N., Gangal, L., Khayum, A., SB, H., HM, S., Singh, A. (2024). Post-harvest Biotechnology or Genetic Engineering Solutions: Extending Shelf Life and Reducing Food Waste. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 27(4), 1-26.
• Niu, Z., Ng, S. J., Li, B., Han, J., Wu, X., Huang, Y. (2022). Food waste and its embedded resources loss: A provincial level analysis of China. Science of the total environment, 823, 153665.
• Ochi, D., Yassue-Cordeiro, P. H., Severino, P., Yoshida, C. M. P., da Silva, C. F. (2020). Biopolymers applied as ethylene-scavenging films and coatings. In Biopolymer Membranes and Films (pp. 553-573).
• Onik, J. C., Wai, S. C., Li, A., Lin, Q., Sun, Q., Wang, Z., Duan, Y. (2021). Melatonin treatment reduces ethylene production and maintains fruit quality in apple during postharvest storage. Food Chemistry, 337, 127753.
• Opara, I. K., Fawole, O. A., Kelly, C., Opara, U. L. (2021). Quantification of on-farm pomegranate fruit postharvest losses and waste, and implications on sustainability indicators: South African case study. Sustainability, 13(9), 5168.
• Opio, P., Jitareerat, P., Pongprasert, N., Wongs-Aree, C., Suzuki, Y., Srilaong, V. (2017). Efficacy of hot water immersion on lime (Citrus auranifolia, Swingle cv. Paan) fruit packed with ethanol vapor in delaying chlorophyll catabolism. Scientia Horticulturae, 224, 258-264.
• Opio, P., Pongphen, J., Pongprasert, N., Wongs-Aree, C., Suzuki, Y., Srilaong, V. (2015). Postharvest Ethanol vapor treatment delays chlorophyll degradation and maintains quality of Thai lime (citrus Aurantifolia Swingle cv. paan) Fruit.
• Park, Y. S., Im, M. H., Gorinstein, S. (2015). Shelf life extension and antioxidant activity of ‘Hayward’kiwi fruit as a result of prestorage conditioning and 1-methylcyclopropene treatment. Journal of Food science and Technology, 52, 2711-2720.
• Paul, V., Pandey, R. (2014). Role of internal atmosphere on fruit ripening and storability—a review. Journal of food science and technology, 51, 1223-1250.
• Petreš, M., Kalajdžić, J., Milić, B., Magazin, N., Stankov, A., Vukotić, J., Grahovac, M. (2020). Effect of hot water treatments on apple fruit rot caused by Fusarium spp. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 127, 651-655.
• Poore, J., Nemecek, T. (2018). Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science, 360(6392), 987-992.
• Porat, R., Lichter, A., Terry, L. A., Harker, R., Buzby, J. (2018). Postharvest losses of fruit and vegetables during retail and in consumers’ homes: Quantifications, causes, and means of prevention. Postharvest biology and technology, 139, 135-149.
• Prajapati, U., Asrey, R., Varghese, E., Singh, A. K., Singh, M. P. (2021). Effects of postharvest ultraviolet-C treatment on shelf-life and quality of bitter gourd fruit during storage. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 28, 100665
• Pristijono, P., Golding, J. B., Bowyer, M. C. (2018). Postharvest UV-C treatment, followed by storage in a continuous low-level ethylene atmosphere, maintains the quality of ‘Kensington pride’mango fruit stored at 20 C. Horticulturae, 5(1), 1.
• Prusky, D. (2011). Reduction of the incidence of postharvest quality losses, and future prospects. Food security, 3, 463-474.
• Rahardjo, B., Yudhanto, W., Aprilia, V. D. (2023). Penerapan Green Economy Melalui Pengolahan Pasca Panen Bagi Kelompok Tani Hortikultura Desa Pogalan Kecamatan Pakis Kabupaten Magelang. Jurnal Dharma Jnana, 3(2), 163-172.
• Rajarathnam, S. (Ed.). (2011). Advances in preservation and processing technologies of fruits and vegetables. New India Publishing.
• Rao, R. K. (Ed.). (2017). Agricultural, Allied Sciences & Biotechnology for Sustainability of Agriculture, Nutrition & Food Security. Mahima Research Foundation and Social welfare.
• Ray, A., Bhonsle, A. K., Singh, J., Trivedi, J., Atray, N. (2025). Examining alternative carbon resources for sustainable energy generation: A comprehensive review. Next Energy, 6, 100194.
• Reddy, S. V. R., Sharma, R. R., Gundewadi, G. (2018). Use of irradiation for postharvest disinfection of fruits and vegetables. In Postharvest disinfection of fruits and vegetables (pp. 121-136). Academic Press.
• Rodrigues, C., Polesca, C., Bicalho, I., Souza, V. G. L., Coelhoso, I., Fernando, A. L. (2025). Quality preservation and shelf-life extension of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill) using edible coatings. Foods, 14(2), 161.
• Sagar, N. A., Pareek, S., Sharma, S., Yahia, E. M., Lobo, M. G. (2018). Fruit and vegetable waste: Bioactive compounds, their extraction, and possible utilization. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 17(3), 512-531.
• Sassanelli, C., Rosa, P., Rocca, R., Terzi, S. (2019). Circular economy performance assessment methods: A systematic literature review. Journal of cleaner production, 229, 440-453.
• Satekge, T. K., Magwaza, L. S. (2020). The combined effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene on green-life and postharvest quality of banana fruit. International Journal of Fruit Science, 20(sup3), S1539-S1551.
• Seed Q., Zhang A., Mustafa A., Sun B., Zhang S., Yang X. (2022), Effect of Long-Term Fertilization On Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Footprints İn Northwest China: A Field Scale İnvestigation Using Wheat-Maize-Fallow Rotation Cycles, Journal Of Cleaner Production. 332:130075.
• Senturk, G.O., Gök, G., Koçyiğit, H. (2023). Tarımda Karbon Ayak İzi ve İklim Değişikliğine Etkisi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 12-24.
• Shah, S. U., Hashmi, M. S., Khan, M. R., Ahmad, A., Riaz, A., Al Shoffe, Y., ..., Ippolito, A. (2024). Integration of chitosan coating and short-term hypobaric treatment extends postharvest life and upregulates defense-related enzymes in apple fruit. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 168(2), 231-247.
• Shahsavari, R., Rastegar, S. (2025). Innovative gelatin-based edible coatings for preserving postharvest quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 909-922.
• Shankar, S., Mohanty, A. K., DeEll, J. R., Carter, K., Lenz, R., Misra, M. (2024). Advances in antimicrobial techniques to reduce postharvest loss of fresh fruit by microbial reduction. npj Sustainable Agriculture, 2(1), 1-20.
• Shehata, S. A., Abdeldaym, E. A., Ali, M. R., Mohamed, R. M., Bob, R. I., Abdelgawad, K. F. (2020). Effect of some citrus essential oils on post-harvest shelf life and physicochemical quality of strawberries during cold storage. Agronomy, 10(10), 1466.
• Shinga, M. H., Silue, Y., Fawole, O. A. (2025). Recent Advancements and Trends in Postharvest Application of Edible Coatings on Bananas: A Comprehensive Review. Plants, 14(4), 581.
• Singh, S. P., Thakur, R. (2024). Postharvest applications of cold plasma treatment for improving food safety and sustainability outcomes for fresh horticultural produce. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 209, 112694.
• Sun, X., Follett, P., Shu, C., Yusufali, Z., Bai, J., Wall, M. (2024). Effect of X-ray irradiation and carnauba wax coating on quality of lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) fruit. HortScience, 59(5), 684-690.
• Tsurayya, S., Kartika, L. (2015). Kelembagaan dan strategi peningkatan daya saing komoditas cabai kapupaten Garut. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis, 12(1), 1-1.
• Tzortzakis, N., Xylia, P., Chrysargyris, A. (2019). Sage essential oil improves the effectiveness of Aloe vera gel on postharvest quality of tomato fruit. Agronomy, 9(10), 635.
• Ueda, J. M., Pedrosa, M. C., Heleno, S. A., Carocho, M., Ferreira, I. C., Barros, L. (2022). Food additives from fruit and vegetable by-products and bio-residues: A comprehensive review focused on sustainability. Sustainability, 14(9), 5212.
• Usman, H. M., Hussaın, S., Anwar, R., Khan, A. S., Malık, A. U., Alı, M. M., ..., Abbas, A. (2025). Postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene and modified atmosphere packaging extends shelf life and maintains eating quality of mango fruit cv. Sufaid Chaunsa. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 49(2), 415-425.
• Uysal, G., Eroğul, D., Dayıoğlu, A., Şen, F., Oğuz, İ. (2023). Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging and 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment on Quality Properties of Japanese Plum Fruit (Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. ‘Angeleno’) During Cold Storage. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 65(5), 1383-1391.
• Vinod, B. R., Asrey, R., Sethi, S., Prakash, J., Meena, N. K., Menaka, M., ..., Shivaswamy, G. (2023). Recent advances in physical treatments of papaya fruit for postharvest quality retention: A review. EFood, 4(2), e79.
• Waluyo, T. (2024). Post-Harvest Technologıcal Innovatıon In Sustaınable Agrıbusıness Management. Tec Empresarial, 6(1).
• Wang, H., Li, Y., Wassie, M., Muhammad, M., Bai, S., Shi, H. (2025). The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the shelf life of sand pear fruits. LWT, 117530.
• Wang, H., Yang, Z., Amanullah, S., Wang, H., Liu, B., Liu, S., ..., Wang, C. (2025) Düşük Sıcaklıkta Depolama ile Birleştirilmiş Hasat Sonrası 1-MCP Tedavisinin Kavunun Fizyolojik Aktiviteleri ve Yenilebilir Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Deşifre Edilmesi. Bitkiler, 14(4), 586.
• Yahia, E. M., Gardea-Béjar, A., de Jesús Ornelas-Paz, J., Maya-Meraz, I. O., Rodríguez-Roque, M. J., Rios-Velasco, C., ... ,Salas-Marina, M. A. (2019). Preharvest factors affecting postharvest quality. In Postharvest technology of perishable horticultural commodities (pp. 99-128). Woodhead Publishing.
• Yingwei, Q. I., JIANG, Y., Yulong, C. H. E. N., Ling, W. A. N. G., Feiping, C. H. E. N., Zheng, L. U. O., ..., Fanwei, D. A. I. (2025). Effects of 1-MCP on Ethylene Synthesis, Cell Wall Degradation and Related Genes Expression in Passion Fruit. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 43(1), 96-105.
• Yoon, K. N., Yoon, Y. S., Hong, H. J., Yeom, S. J., Park, J. H., Song, B. S., ..., Kim, J. K. (2024). Extending shelf life and analyzing dosimetric and detection techniques in postharvest tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) via X-ray irradiation. LWT, 201, 116230.
• Yoon, Y. S., Ameer, K., Song, B. S., Kim, J. K., Park, H. Y., Lee, K. C., ..., Park, J. H. (2020). Effects of X-ray irradiation on the postharvest quality characteristics of ‘Maehyang’strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa). Food chemistry, 325, 126817.
• Yun, X., Liu, L., Hu, J., Sun, T., Zhang, J., Dong, T. (2024). Mechanical and gas permeability properties of poly (L‐lactic acid)–based films and their application in fresh produce preservation. Packaging Technology and Science, 37(4), 293-317.
• Zam, W., Ilyas, I., Syatrawati, S. (2019). Penerapan teknologi pascapanen untuk meningkatkan nilai jual cabai di tanatoraja. Jurnal Dedikasi Masyarakat, 2(2), 92-100.
• Zhang, H., Han, M., Xie, Y., Wang, M., Cao, C. (2022). Application of ethylene‐regulating packaging in post‐harvest fruits and vegetables storage: A review. Packaging Technology and Science, 35(6), 461-471.
• Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Guo, J., Li, Y., Dong, T., Yun, X. (2025). Preparation of PBAT/PCL Films for Passive Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Cherry Tomatoes. Packaging Technology and Science.
• Zhu, T., Tan, W. R., Deng, X. G., Zheng, T., Zhang, D. W., Lin, H. H. (2015). Effects of brassinosteroids on quality attributes and ethylene synthesis in postharvest tomato fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 100, 196-204.
• Ziv, C., Fallik, E. (2021). Postharvest storage techniques and quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables for reducing food loss. Agronomy, 11(6), 1133.