METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MOLDS IN FOODS

Öz

Molds are ubiquitous microorganisms in nature found on air, soil, water and organic matter. Molds can adversely affect the health of humans and animals by producing toxic metabolites. Molds also cause spoilage of foods which results in economic loss. Identification of molds grown in foods is crucial for the studies on inhibition of mold growth on foods, knowledge of resistant and mycotoxigenic species. Conventional identification procedures are based on the recognition of the colony morphology and microscobic observations. Since traditional identification procedures are time consuming and require specified personnel, there is a need for more rapid and reliable techniques to identify molds. Rapid methods are expensive and need to be standardized with extensive studies due to insufficient databases. Combination of conventional and rapid methods increases the accuracy of the studies. In this review, conventional, molecular, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods used to identify molds were investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Molds,identification methods,MALDI-TOF,FT-IR,molecular identification

GIDALARDA BULUNAN KÜFLERİN TANIMLANMASINDA KULLANILAN YÖNTEMLER

Öz

Küfler doğada hava, toprak, su ve organik maddeler üzerinde yaygın olarak bulunabilen mikroorganizmalardır. Küfler tarafından üretilen toksik metabolitler nedeniyle, küflerin insan ve hayvan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktadır. Küfler gıdaların bozulmasına neden olarak ekonomik kayıplara da sebep olmaktadır. Gıdalarda gelişen küflerin tanımlanması dirençli türler, mikotoksijenik türler ve küf gelişiminin inhibisyonu gibi konularda çalışmalar yapılmasında gereklidir. Küflerin tanımlanması koloni morfolojisi ve mikroskobik özelliklerinin belirlenmesine dayanan geleneksel yöntemler ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Geleneksel yöntemlerin zaman alıcı olması ve deneyimli personel gerektirmesi nedeniyle, daha hızlı ve güvenilir yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Hızlı yöntemlerin maliyeti yüksek olup, aynı zamanda veri tabanlarının yetersiz olması nedeniyle kapsamlı araştırmalar ile standartlaştırılması gerekmektedir. Geleneksel ve hızlı yöntemlerin birlikte kullanılması çalışmaların doğruluğunu arttırmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, küflerin tanımlanmasında kullanılan geleneksel yöntemler, moleküler yöntemler, matriks ile desteklenmiş lazer desorpsiyon/iyonizasyon uçuş zamanı kütle spektrometresi (MALDI-TOF MS) ve fourier transform infrared spektroskopisi (FT-IR) yöntemleri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küf,tanımlama yöntemleri,MALDI-TOF,moleküler tanımlama

Kaynakça

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