EFFECTS OF FOOD ADDITIVES ON MICROBIOTA

Öz

Microbiota is expressed as the community of microorganisms and intestinal microbiota begins to change and develop with birth. Nutrition can affect the microbiota by providing the necessary nutrients for bacteria, changing the microenvironment and modulating the composition and functions of bacteria. Since the early 20th century, important changes have been seen in the diets, especially consumption of processed foods began popular hence consumptions of food additives, added to almost all these foods, have increased. The effects of some dietary components such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins and phytochemicals on microbiota have been evaluated but the effect of food additives on microbiota is still uncertain. Today, although there are upper limits for many food additives, studies suggesting that they may affect health negatively. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness of the society by comprehensively evaluating their effect on microbiota. The aim of this review is to collect the studies, determining the effects of food additives on gut microbiota in 3 groups (as sweeteners, emulsifiers and other additives) and to evaluate them comprehensively with current approaches. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Food additives
• microbiota
• sweeteners
• emulsifiers

GIDA KATKI MADDELERİNİN MİKROBİYOTA ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Öz

Mikrobiyota, mikroorganizmaların oluşturduğu topluluk olarak ifade edilmektedir ve bağırsak mikrobiyotası doğum ile birlikte değişmeye ve gelişmeye başlamaktadır. Beslenme, bakteriler için gerekli besinleri sağlayarak, mikro çevrelerini değiştirerek ve kompozisyonları ile fonksiyonlarını modüle ederek mikrobiyota üzerine etkiler gösterebilmektedir. 20. yüzyılın başlarından beri insanların diyetlerinde önemli değişiklikler görülmeye başlanmış olup özellikle işlenmiş gıdalara yönelmeleri sonucu tüm bu vb. gıdalara eklenen katkı maddelerinin tüketimleri artış göstermiştir. Karbonhidratlar, yağlar, proteinler ve fitokimyasallar gibi bazı diyet bileşenlerinin mikrobiyota üzerine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir fakat gıda katkı maddelerinin mikrobiyota üzerine etkisi belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Günümüzde birçok gıda katkı maddesi için belirlenmiş üst limitler olsa da sağlığı olumsuz yönde etkileyebileceğini düşündüren çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu nedenle mikrobiyota üzerine etkisini kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirerek toplumu bilinçlendirmek önem arz etmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı gıda katkı maddelerinin bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine etkilerini inceleyen literatürde bulunan çalışmaları 3 grup halinde (tatlandırıcılar, emülsifiyerler ve diğer katkı maddeleri olarak) bir araya toplayıp güncel yaklaşımlar ile kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gıda katkı maddeleri
• mikrobiyota
• yapay tatlandırıcılar
• emülsifiyerler

Kaynakça

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