Araştırma Makalesi
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SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2021, , 396 - 407, 23.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20087

Öz

Siyez buğdayının kepek ve endosperm tabakaları morfolojik nedenle birbirine sıkı olarak bağlıdır. Una öğütülmesi sırasında, bu fraksiyonlar tam olarak ayrılamadığından, değirmen atık/yan ürünü olarak endospermce zengin ortalama %25 kepek açığa çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada siyez ve ekmeklik buğday kepeklerinin ekşi hamur üretiminde kullanım olanakları değerlendirilmiştir, farklı hamur veriminde (HV) spontan fermantasyon ile hazırlanan ekşi hamurlar, pH, biyoyararlanım ve fitik asit (PA) değişimleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Siyez kepeğinin, ince buğday kepeğine göre daha iri taneli olduğu, ekşi maya üretimi için ikinci bir öğütme işlemi gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Siyez kepeğinden en az HV:200, buğday kepeğinden ise en az HV:300 oranıyla ekşi hamur hazırlanabildiği tespit edilmiştir. 72 saatlik fermantasyon sonucu (HV:300) ile hazırlanan siyez kepeği ekşi hamurunun (pH 3.27), ince buğday kepeği ile hazırlanandan (pH 4.89) daha fazla asitlik gelişimi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Siyez kepeği (%76.9) biyoyararlanımının, buğday kepeğinden (%73.8) daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Diyet lif ve mineral madde kaynağı olarak gıdalara ilave edilen kepek fraksiyonunun uygun HV oranında spontan fermantasyonu sonucu, PA degradasyonu ve biyoyararlanım artışıyla, kullanıldığı gıdalarda besinsel kaliteyi yükselteceği düşünülmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBİTAK

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Fatmanur Örü’nün lisans bitirme proje ödevinden üretilmiştir. Bu proje 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Desteği Programı kapsamında TUBİTAK-BİDEB tarafından da desteklenmiştir. Yazarlar TUBİTAK-BİDEB’e teşekkürlerini sunarlar.

Kaynakça

  • AACC. (1990). American Association of Cereal Chemists International, Approved Methods of the AACC (8th ed.), The Association: St.Paul, MN, USA.
  • Ahmad, I., Mohammad,F., Zeb,A., Rasool Noorka,I., Akber Jadoon,S. (2013). Determination and inheritance of phytic acid as marker in diverse genetic group of bread wheat. Am. J. Mol. Biol., 3,158-164. doi: 10.4236/ajmb.2013.33021
  • Badau, M. H., Nkama, I., Jideani, A.I. (2005). Phytic acid content and hydrochloric acid extractability of minerals in pearl millet as affected by germination time and cultivar. J. Food Chem., 92, 425-435. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.08.006
  • Bilgiçli, N., Türker, S. (2004). Tarhanada sindirilebilir protein ve kül miktarı üzerine maya, malt unu ve fitaz katkılarının etkilerı1, Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (33), 90 – 97.
  • Bilgicli, N., Elgun,A, Turker,S. (2006). Effects of various phytase sources on phytic acid content, mineral extractability and protein digestibility of tarhana, Food Chem., 98, 329–337. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.078
  • Brandolini, A., Hidalgo, A., Moscaritolo, S. (2008). Chemical composition and pasting properties of einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) whole meal flour, J. Cereal Sci. 47, 599–609. doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.07.005
  • Chavan, R.S., Chavan, S.R. (2011). Sourdough Technology—A traditional way for wholesome foods: A Review. Food Sci. Food Saf., 10,170-183. doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00148.x
  • De Vuyst, L., Neysens, P. (2005). The sourdough microflora: biodiversity and metabolic interactions. Trends Food Sci. Technol,. 16,43-56. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2004.02.012
  • Elhag, M. E., El Tinay A. H., Yousif, N. E. (2002). Effect of fermentation and dehuling on starch, total polyphenols, phytic acid content and in vitro protein digestibility of pearl millet, Food Chem., 77, 193-196. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00336-3
  • Erdal, I., Yılmaz, A., Kalaycı, M., Çakmak, I., Hatipoglu, F., (1998). Effect of Zinc fertilization on phytic acid-zinc molar ratios in different wheat cultivars grown in central anatolia GAP regions, The First National Zinc Congress, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Gobbetti, M., Corsetti, A., Rossi, J. (1994). The sourdough microflora: Interactions between lactic acid bacteria and yeasts: metabolism of amino acids. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 10,275-279. doi:10.1007/BF00939035
  • Gobbetti, M. , Rizzello, C.G. , Raffaella Di Cagno, Maria De Angelis. (2014). How the sourdough may affect the functional features of leavened baked goods. Food Microbiol., 37, 30-40. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.04.012
  • Gupta, R. K., Gangoliya, S. S., Singh, N. K. (2015). Reduction of phytic acid and enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients in food grains, J. Food Sci. Technol., 52(2), 676-684. doi: 10.1007/s13197-013-0978-y.
  • Gürgün,V., Halkman,K. (1990).Mikrobiyolojide sayım yöntemleri, Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları No:7, Ankara.
  • Haard, N., Odunfa, S. A, Lee, C. H., Quintero-Ramirez, A., Lorence Quinones, A., Wacher-Radarte, C. (1989). Fermented Cereals: A Global Perspective, FAO, Agricultural Service Bulletin, 138.
  • Haug, W., Lantzsch, H.J. (1983). Sensitive method for the rapid determination of phytic acid in cereals and cereals products. J. Sci. Food Agric., 34, 1423-1426. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740341217.
  • Hendek Ertop, M., Bektaş, M. (2018). Enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients and reduction of antinutrients in foods with some processes, J. Food Health Sci., 4(3), 159-165. doi: 10.3153/FH18016
  • Hendek Ertop, M., Atasoy, R. (2019). Comparison of physicochemical attributes of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) and evaluation of morphological properties using scanning electron microscopy and image analysis, J. Agric. Sci., 25 (2), 93-99. doi: 10.15832/ankutbd.539009.
  • Hendek Ertop, M., Bektaş, M., Atasoy, R. (2020). Effect of cereals milling on the contents of phytic acid and digestibility of minerals and protein, Ukr. Food J., 9(1),136-147. doi: 10.24263/2304-974X-2020-9-1-12.
  • Hidalgo, A., Brandolini, A. (2012). Lipoxygenase activity in wholemeal flours from Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum. Food Chem., 131,1499–1503. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.132.
  • Hidalgo, A., Brandolini, A. (2014). Nutritional properties of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.). J. Sci. Food Agric., 56, 382–394. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6382.
  • Katina,K, Salmenkallio-Marttila,M., Partanen, R., Forssell,P., Autio,K. (2006). Effects of sourdough and enzymes on staling of high-fibre wheat bread, LWT Food Sci.Technol., 39: 479–49. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2005.03.013.
  • Leenhardt, F., Levrat-Verny, M. A., Chanliaud, E., Remesy, C. (2005). Moderate decrease of ph by sourdough fermentation is sufficient to reduce phytate content of whole wheat flour through endogenous phytase activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 98-102. doi: 10.1021/jf049193q.
  • Lioger, D., Leenhardt, F., Demigne, C., Remesy, C. (2007). Sourdough fermentation of wheat fractions rich in fibres before their use in processed food. J. Sci. Food Agric., 87, 1368–1373. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2862.
  • Martinez-Anaya, M.A., Pitarch, B., Bayarri, P., Benedito de Barber, C. (1990). Microflora of the sourdoughs of wheat flour bread. X. interactions between yeasts and lactic acid bacteria in wheat doughs and their effects on bread quality. Cereal Chem., 6,85-91.
  • Poutanen, K., Flander, L., Katina, K. (2009). Sourdough and cereal fermentation in a nutritional perspective. Food Microbiol., 26, 693-699. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.07.011.
  • Saharan, K., Kheterpaul, N., Bishnoi, S. (2001). HCl-extractibility of minerals from ricebean and fababean : Influence of domestic processing methods, Innov. Food Sci. Emerg., 2, 323-325. doi: 10.1016/S1466-8564(01)00044-3.
  • Salovaara, H., J. Savolainen. (1984). Yeast type isolated from Finnish sour rye dough starters. Acta Aliment. Polonica, 10, 241-245.
  • Tangkonchitr, U., Seib, P.A., Hoseney, R.C. (1981). Phytic acid I. Determination of three forms of phosphorus in flour, dough and bread, Cereal Chem., 58(3), 226-228.

EVALUATION OF USAGE POSSIBILITIES OF EINKORN AND FINE WHEAT BRAN IN THE SOURDOUGH PRODUCTION

Yıl 2021, , 396 - 407, 23.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20087

Öz

As a result of milling of Einkorn whose bran and endosperm layers are closely bond to each other morphologically, an average of 25% endosperm-rich bran is separated as milling waste/by-product. In this study, usage potential of einkorn and wheat bran for sourdough production was evaluated. For this purpose, sourdoughs prepared by spontaneous fermentation by different dough yield (DY) were compared in terms of pH, bioavailability and phytic acid (PA) degradation. As a result, it was determined that einkorn bran is more coarse than fine wheat bran, therefore it should be subjected to a second grinding for sourdough. It was determined that sourdough could be prepared with least DY:200 ratio from einkorn bran, and least DY:300 ratio from wheat bran. As a result of fermentation for 72 hours (DY:300), einkorn sourdough showed more acidity (pH 3.27) than wheat bran sourdough (pH 4.89). The bioavailability of einkorn sourdough (76.9%) was also higher than wheat bran sourdough (73.8%). It is thought that the result of the spontaneous fermentation at appropriate DY ratios of the bran fractions, which are added to foods as source of dietary fiber and minerals, will increase the nutritional quality of the foods due to increasing PA degradation and bioavailability.

Kaynakça

  • AACC. (1990). American Association of Cereal Chemists International, Approved Methods of the AACC (8th ed.), The Association: St.Paul, MN, USA.
  • Ahmad, I., Mohammad,F., Zeb,A., Rasool Noorka,I., Akber Jadoon,S. (2013). Determination and inheritance of phytic acid as marker in diverse genetic group of bread wheat. Am. J. Mol. Biol., 3,158-164. doi: 10.4236/ajmb.2013.33021
  • Badau, M. H., Nkama, I., Jideani, A.I. (2005). Phytic acid content and hydrochloric acid extractability of minerals in pearl millet as affected by germination time and cultivar. J. Food Chem., 92, 425-435. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.08.006
  • Bilgiçli, N., Türker, S. (2004). Tarhanada sindirilebilir protein ve kül miktarı üzerine maya, malt unu ve fitaz katkılarının etkilerı1, Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (33), 90 – 97.
  • Bilgicli, N., Elgun,A, Turker,S. (2006). Effects of various phytase sources on phytic acid content, mineral extractability and protein digestibility of tarhana, Food Chem., 98, 329–337. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.078
  • Brandolini, A., Hidalgo, A., Moscaritolo, S. (2008). Chemical composition and pasting properties of einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) whole meal flour, J. Cereal Sci. 47, 599–609. doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.07.005
  • Chavan, R.S., Chavan, S.R. (2011). Sourdough Technology—A traditional way for wholesome foods: A Review. Food Sci. Food Saf., 10,170-183. doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00148.x
  • De Vuyst, L., Neysens, P. (2005). The sourdough microflora: biodiversity and metabolic interactions. Trends Food Sci. Technol,. 16,43-56. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2004.02.012
  • Elhag, M. E., El Tinay A. H., Yousif, N. E. (2002). Effect of fermentation and dehuling on starch, total polyphenols, phytic acid content and in vitro protein digestibility of pearl millet, Food Chem., 77, 193-196. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00336-3
  • Erdal, I., Yılmaz, A., Kalaycı, M., Çakmak, I., Hatipoglu, F., (1998). Effect of Zinc fertilization on phytic acid-zinc molar ratios in different wheat cultivars grown in central anatolia GAP regions, The First National Zinc Congress, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Gobbetti, M., Corsetti, A., Rossi, J. (1994). The sourdough microflora: Interactions between lactic acid bacteria and yeasts: metabolism of amino acids. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 10,275-279. doi:10.1007/BF00939035
  • Gobbetti, M. , Rizzello, C.G. , Raffaella Di Cagno, Maria De Angelis. (2014). How the sourdough may affect the functional features of leavened baked goods. Food Microbiol., 37, 30-40. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.04.012
  • Gupta, R. K., Gangoliya, S. S., Singh, N. K. (2015). Reduction of phytic acid and enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients in food grains, J. Food Sci. Technol., 52(2), 676-684. doi: 10.1007/s13197-013-0978-y.
  • Gürgün,V., Halkman,K. (1990).Mikrobiyolojide sayım yöntemleri, Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları No:7, Ankara.
  • Haard, N., Odunfa, S. A, Lee, C. H., Quintero-Ramirez, A., Lorence Quinones, A., Wacher-Radarte, C. (1989). Fermented Cereals: A Global Perspective, FAO, Agricultural Service Bulletin, 138.
  • Haug, W., Lantzsch, H.J. (1983). Sensitive method for the rapid determination of phytic acid in cereals and cereals products. J. Sci. Food Agric., 34, 1423-1426. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740341217.
  • Hendek Ertop, M., Bektaş, M. (2018). Enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients and reduction of antinutrients in foods with some processes, J. Food Health Sci., 4(3), 159-165. doi: 10.3153/FH18016
  • Hendek Ertop, M., Atasoy, R. (2019). Comparison of physicochemical attributes of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) and evaluation of morphological properties using scanning electron microscopy and image analysis, J. Agric. Sci., 25 (2), 93-99. doi: 10.15832/ankutbd.539009.
  • Hendek Ertop, M., Bektaş, M., Atasoy, R. (2020). Effect of cereals milling on the contents of phytic acid and digestibility of minerals and protein, Ukr. Food J., 9(1),136-147. doi: 10.24263/2304-974X-2020-9-1-12.
  • Hidalgo, A., Brandolini, A. (2012). Lipoxygenase activity in wholemeal flours from Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum. Food Chem., 131,1499–1503. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.132.
  • Hidalgo, A., Brandolini, A. (2014). Nutritional properties of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.). J. Sci. Food Agric., 56, 382–394. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6382.
  • Katina,K, Salmenkallio-Marttila,M., Partanen, R., Forssell,P., Autio,K. (2006). Effects of sourdough and enzymes on staling of high-fibre wheat bread, LWT Food Sci.Technol., 39: 479–49. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2005.03.013.
  • Leenhardt, F., Levrat-Verny, M. A., Chanliaud, E., Remesy, C. (2005). Moderate decrease of ph by sourdough fermentation is sufficient to reduce phytate content of whole wheat flour through endogenous phytase activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 98-102. doi: 10.1021/jf049193q.
  • Lioger, D., Leenhardt, F., Demigne, C., Remesy, C. (2007). Sourdough fermentation of wheat fractions rich in fibres before their use in processed food. J. Sci. Food Agric., 87, 1368–1373. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2862.
  • Martinez-Anaya, M.A., Pitarch, B., Bayarri, P., Benedito de Barber, C. (1990). Microflora of the sourdoughs of wheat flour bread. X. interactions between yeasts and lactic acid bacteria in wheat doughs and their effects on bread quality. Cereal Chem., 6,85-91.
  • Poutanen, K., Flander, L., Katina, K. (2009). Sourdough and cereal fermentation in a nutritional perspective. Food Microbiol., 26, 693-699. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.07.011.
  • Saharan, K., Kheterpaul, N., Bishnoi, S. (2001). HCl-extractibility of minerals from ricebean and fababean : Influence of domestic processing methods, Innov. Food Sci. Emerg., 2, 323-325. doi: 10.1016/S1466-8564(01)00044-3.
  • Salovaara, H., J. Savolainen. (1984). Yeast type isolated from Finnish sour rye dough starters. Acta Aliment. Polonica, 10, 241-245.
  • Tangkonchitr, U., Seib, P.A., Hoseney, R.C. (1981). Phytic acid I. Determination of three forms of phosphorus in flour, dough and bread, Cereal Chem., 58(3), 226-228.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatmanur Örü Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7507-7115

Müge Hendek Ertop 0000-0003-4300-7790

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Örü, F., & Hendek Ertop, M. (2021). SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Gıda, 46(2), 396-407. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20087
AMA Örü F, Hendek Ertop M. SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. GIDA. Mart 2021;46(2):396-407. doi:10.15237/gida.GD20087
Chicago Örü, Fatmanur, ve Müge Hendek Ertop. “SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Gıda 46, sy. 2 (Mart 2021): 396-407. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20087.
EndNote Örü F, Hendek Ertop M (01 Mart 2021) SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Gıda 46 2 396–407.
IEEE F. Örü ve M. Hendek Ertop, “SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”, GIDA, c. 46, sy. 2, ss. 396–407, 2021, doi: 10.15237/gida.GD20087.
ISNAD Örü, Fatmanur - Hendek Ertop, Müge. “SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Gıda 46/2 (Mart 2021), 396-407. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20087.
JAMA Örü F, Hendek Ertop M. SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. GIDA. 2021;46:396–407.
MLA Örü, Fatmanur ve Müge Hendek Ertop. “SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Gıda, c. 46, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 396-07, doi:10.15237/gida.GD20087.
Vancouver Örü F, Hendek Ertop M. SİYEZ VE EKMEKLİK BUĞDAY KEPEĞİNİN EKŞİ HAMUR ÜRETİMİNDE KULLANIM OLANAĞININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. GIDA. 2021;46(2):396-407.

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