PARAPROBİYOTİKLER, POSTBİYOTİKLER VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Öz

İnsan gastrointestinal kanalı (GIT), sindirimde, immünolojide ve bazı hastalıkların oluşumunda önemli rol oynayan zengin, karmaşık bir mikrobiyota içerir. Normal şartlar altında, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının bileşimi kararlıdır. Ancak diyetteki değişiklikler, bazı ilaçların kullanımı ve stres gibi faktörler nedeniyle mikrobiyotanın bileşimi değişebilir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasını düzenlemek amacıyla yeterli miktarda alındıklarında konağa fayda sağlayan bakteri ve maya gibi canlı mikroorganizmalar olarak tanımlanan probiyotiklerin, gıda şeklinde ya da gıda takviyesi olarak alınması günümüzde yaygın ve bilinen bir yöntemdir. Son yıllarda, cansız (inaktif) mikroorganizmalar olan paraprobiyotiklerin veya canlı bakterilerden salınan ya da bakteriyel parçalanma sonrasında ortaya çıkan metabolik yan ürünler olan postbiyotiklerin, probiyotikler yerine alternatif olarak kullanımı söz konusudur. Paraprobiyotik ve postbiyotikler uygulandıkları konakçıda tıpkı probiyotikler gibi başta bağırsak sağlığını düzenleme ve immün sistemini güçlendirme gibi birçok sağlık etkileri göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, probiyotikler yerine kullanılabilecek ve benzer sağlık etkileri sağlayabilen paraprobiyotikler ve postbiyotikler ile ilgili çalışmalar derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• paraprobiyotik
• postbiyotik
• bağırsak sağlığı
• bağışıklık sistemi

PARAPROBIOTICS, POSTBIOTICS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTH

Öz

The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contains a rich, complex microbiota that plays an important role in digestion, immunology, and the occurrence of certain diseases. Under normal conditions, the composition of the gut microbiota is stable. However, the composition of the microbiota may change due to changes in diet, use of certain medications and stress. Today, it is a common and known method to take probiotics, which are defined as living microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, when taken in sufficient quantities to regulate the intestinal microbiota, in the form of food or as a food supplement. In recent years, the use of paraprobiotics, which are non-living (inactive) microorganisms, or postbiotics, which are metabolic by-products released from living bacteria or after bacterial degradation, have started to attract attention as an alternative to probiotics. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics demonstrate many health effects such as regulating intestinal health and strengthening the immune system, just like probiotics, in the hosts where they are applied. In this study, studies on paraprobiotics and postbiotics that can be used instead of probiotics and provide similar health effects are reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• paraprobiotic
• postbiotic
• intestinal health
• immune system

Kaynakça

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