RASFF SİSTEMİNDE TAHIL VE FIRINCILIK ÜRÜNLERİNİN AFLATOKSİN VE OKRATOKSİN A DÜZEYLERİ VE HATAY YÖRESİ BUĞDAYLARININ BU MİKOTOKSİNLER AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Bu araştırma makalesi esas olarak iki bölüm halinde tasarlanmıştır. Öncelikle, Gıda ve Yemler için Hızlı Alarm Sistemi (RASFF) veri kaynağı kullanılarak 2009-2018 yılları arasında yapılan tahıl ve fırıncılık ürünleri bildirimlerinde mikotoksin seviyeleri araştırılmıştır. Son on yılın bildirimleri değerlendirildiğinde, ortalama aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), toplam aflatoksin (TAF), okratoksin A (OTA) konsantrasyonları sırasıyla; 21.92, 34.98, 23.10 µg/kg olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, Hatay yöresinde yetiştirilen 29 buğday örneğinde aflatoksin (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) ve OTA analizi yapılmıştır. Mikotoksinlerin konsantrasyonu, HPLC-FD sistemi ile belirlenmiştir. Analitik yöntem, 401/2006 sayılı EC yönetmeliğine göre valide edilmiş ve geri kazanımlar %83.0-107.2 aralığında saptanmıştır. AFB1, AFB2 ve AFG1 için pozitif örnek yüzdesi sırasıyla; %44.8, %13.8 ve %27.6 bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada en yaygın mikotoksin, 0.174-137.880 µg/kg aralığında olan OTA’dır (%82.8). İncelenen numunelerin 5’inde OTA düzeyinin, Avrupa mevzuatı maksimum limit değerini (5 µg/kg) aştığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, RASFF bildirimlerinde belirlenen maksimum OTA düzeyi ortalamasından üç numune daha yüksek çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gıda ve Yemler için Hızlı Alarm Sistemi (RASFF)
• buğday
• aflatoksinler
• okratoksin A
• HPLC-FD
• analitik yöntem validasyonu

ANALYSIS OF RASFF NOTIFICATION ON CEREAL AND BAKERY PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF THE AFLATOXIN AND OCHRATOXIN A IN WHEAT FROM HATAY REGION

Öz

This research paper was designed mainly in two parts. Primarily, the mycotoxin levels in cereal and bakery products notifications between 2009 and 2018 by using the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) data source were investigated. When the notifications of the last decade are evaluated, the average concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), total aflatoxins (TAF), and ochratoxin A (OTA) were found 21.92, 34.98, and 23.10 µg/kg, respectively. In the second part of the study, 29 wheat samples grown in the Hatay region of Turkey were analyzed to detect aflatoxin (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) and OTA concentrations. The mycotoxin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) system. The analytical method was validated according to Regulation (EC) No. 401/2006. The recoveries were in the range of 83.0-107.2%. The percentages of positive samples for AFB1, AFB2 and AFG1 were 44.8, 13.8 and 27.6%, respectively. In this study, the most prevalent mycotoxin was OTA (82.8%), which found in the range of 0.174-137.880 µg/kg. Among 5 of the studied samples, it was determined that the OTA level exceeded the European legislation maximum limit of 5 µg/kg. Moreover, OTA levels of three samples were higher than the average of the maximum values of OTA level determined in RASFF notifications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF)
• wheat
• aflatoxins
• ochratoxin A
• HPLC-FD
• analytical method validation

Kaynakça

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