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Hastane Patojenlerinin Ticari Uçucu Yağlara Karşı Hassasiyetlerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 716 - 723, 15.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.537244

Öz

Hastaneler,
tanı ve tedavi amaçlı antibiyotiklerin yoğun şekilde kullanıldığı dolayısıyla
bakteri ve mayaların direnç kazanımlarının ve dirençli suşların yayılımının en
sık yaşandığı ortamlardır. Antibiyotik direncine sahip mikroorganizmaların
sayısındaki artış, mikroorganizma kaynaklı enfeksiyon tedavilerini olumsuz
etkilemekte ve ilaçlara alternatif olarak tıbbi bitkilerin (ekstrakt ve uçucu
yağlarının) kullanımı gündeme gelmektedir.



Çalışmada, hastane ortamında gelişen dört patojen
bakteri (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli ve Salmonella
spp.,) ve bir mayaya (Candida albicans)
karşı tıbbi amaçlı kullanılan, ticari on bir bitki uçucu yağının antimikrobiyal
aktivitelerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada broth dilüsyon ve oyuk agar
teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Bergamot (Citrus
bergamia
) ve Isırgan otu (Urtica
dioica
) uçucu yağlarının minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonlarının (MIK) Gram
pozitif bakterilere karşı oldukça düşük olduğu (62.5 µL/mL), Gram negatif
bakteriler üzerinde ise test edilen on bir bitki uçucu yağının antimikrobiyal
aktivitesinin orta düzeyde (125-500 µL/mL) 
kaldığı saptanmıştır. Adaçayı (Salvia
officinalis)
, Bergamot, Çam terebentin
(Pinus terebenthinae)
, Isırgan otu uçucu yağlarunın oyuk agar test
sonuçlarında Gram pozitif bakteriler üzerinde (13-30 mm) Gram negatiflere (8-18
mm)  kıyasla daha etkin olmakla birlikte
her iki bakteri grubu üzerinde etkili olduğu, pelesenk ve Sedir ağacı (Cedrus libani) uçucu yağlarının test
edilen mikroorganizmalar üzerinde inhibisyon zonu oluşturmadığı, diğer test
edilen uçucu yağların ise sadece Gram pozitif bakteriler üzerinde etkili olduğu
belirlenmiştir. C.albicans
inhibisyonunun sadece Bergamot uçucu yağı ile gerçekleştiği (500 µL/mL)
belirlenmiştir. Pelesenk (Copaifera
officinalis
) uçucu yağının test edilen mikroorganizmalar üzerinde her hangi
bir aktivite sergilemediği saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın tespit edilen
antimikrobiyal aktiviteler sebebi ile uçucu yağların mikroorganizmalar ile
mücadele etmede tamamlayıcı ve alternatif çözümler sunacağı, ayrıca bu
çalışmanın uçucu yağların antimikrobiyal etki mekanizmalarının tanımlanmasını
konu alan çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Howiriny, T.A., 2003. Composition and antimicrobial activity of Essential oil of Salvia lanigera. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 133-135.
  • Anwara, F., Alia, M., Hussaina, A.I., Shahida, M., 2009. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds from Pakistan. Flavour Fragrance Journal, 24, 170–176.
  • Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Z., Gurib-Fakim, A., Mahomoodally, F., 2015. Antimicrobial, antibiotic potentiating activity and phytochemical profile of essential oils from exotic and endemic medicinal plants of Mauritius. Industrial Crops and Production, 71, 197–204
  • Behbahani, B.A., Tabatabaei-Yazdi, F., Shahidi, F., Mortazavi, A., 2013. Antimicrobial effects of Lavandula stoechas L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Science Journal of Microbiology, 2, 15-22.
  • Beyaz, M., 2014. Esansiyel yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, antioksidan ve antimutajenik aktiviteleri, Akademik Gıda,12, 45-53.
  • Bhuwan, C.J., Minky, M., Ajudhia, N.K., 2014. Pharmacognostical review of Urtica dioica L. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 1, 201-209.
  • Bonomo, M.G., Cafaro, C., Russo, D., Calabrone, L., Milella, L., Saturnino, C., Capasso, A., Salzano,G., 2004. Antimicrobial activity, antioxidant properties and phytochemical screening of Aesculus Hippocastanum mother tincture against food-borne bacteria. Letters in Drug Des Discovery, 12, 16-21.
  • Colak, H., Karaköse, E., Duman, F., 2017. High optoelectronic and antimicrobial performances of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Aesculus hippocastanum. Environmental Chemical Letter, 15, 547–552.
  • Dall Agnol, R., Ferrraz, A., Bernardi, A.P., Albring, D., Nör, C., Sermento, L., Lamb,L., Hass, M., von Poser, G., Schapoval, E.E.S., 2003, Antimicrobial activity of some Hypericum species, Phytomedicine, 10, 511-516.
  • Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Bozkır, A., 2010. Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Cedrus atlantica. International Journal of Agriculture Biology, 12, 381–385.
  • Eloff, J.N., 2001, Antibacterial activity of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro) (Anacardiaceae) bark and leaves. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 76, 305–308.
  • Eryılmaz, M., Tosun, A., Tümen, İ., 2016 Antimicrobial activity of some species from Pinaceae and Cupressaceae, Türk Journal Pharmacy Science, 13, 35-40.
  • Fisher, K., Phillips, C.A., 2006. The effect of lemon, orange and bergamot Essential oils and their components on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in food systems, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 3, 1232-1239.
  • Gomeso, N.M., Rezende, C.M., Fontes, S.P., Matheus, M.E., Fernandes, P.D., 2007. Antinociceptive activity of Amazonian copaiba oils. Journal of Ethnopharmacolgy, 12, 486-492.
  • Gülçin, G., Küfrevioğlu, I., Oktay, M., Büyükokuroğlu, M.E., 2004. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and Analgesic Activities of Netle (Urtica dioica). Journal of Ethnofarmacology, 90, 205- 215.
  • Harborne J.B., Baxter H. 1993. Phytochemical dictionary. a handbook of bioactive compounds from plants. Taylor and Francis, London].
  • Irshad, S., Mahmood, M., Perveen, F., 2012. In-vitro anti-bacterial activities of three medicinal plants using agar well diffusion method. Research of Journal Biology, 02, 1-8.
  • Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Denkova, Z., Stoyanova, A., Murgov, I., Gearon, V., Birkbeck, S., Schmidt, E., Geissler, M., 2006. Comparative study on the antimicrobial activities of different sandalwood essential oils of various origin. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 21,16-21.
  • Keshavarz, M., Mostafaie, A., Mansouri, K., Bidmeshkipour, A., Motlagh H.R.M., Parvaneh, S., 2010. In vitro and ex vivo antiangiogenic activity of Salvia officinalis. Phytotheraphy Research, 24, 1526–1531.
  • Keskin, D., Toroğlu, S., 2011. Gıda Kaynaklı Bazı Patojen Bakterilerin Gelişmesini Engelleyen Tıbbi Bitkiler ile Bunların Ekstraktları ve Uçucu Yağları. Academic Food Journal, 8, 53-60.
  • Kırmızıbekmez, H., Demirci, B., Yeşilada, E., Beşer, KH., Demirci, F. 2009. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the Essential oils of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. Stoechas growing in Turkey. Natural Product Communication, 4, 1001-1006.
  • Kizil, M., Kizil G., Yavuz, M., Aytekin, Ç., 2002. Antimicrobial activity of resins obtained from the roots and strems of Cedrus libani and Abies cilicia, Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2, 144-146.
  • Mannucci, C., Navarra, M., Calapai, F., Squeri, R., Gangemi, S., Calapai, G.I. 2017. Clinical Pharmacology of Citrus bergamia: A Systematic Review. Phytotheraphy Research, 31, 27–39.
  • Marotta S.M., Giarratana, F., Parco, A., Neri D., Zilino, G., Gluffride, A., Panebianco, A., 2016, Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of bergamot essential oil on different Listeria monocytogenes strains, Italian Journal of Food Safety, 5, 6176-6182.
  • Maurice, M.I., Angela, R.D., Chiris, O.O., 1990. New antimicrobials of plant origin. Perspectives on new crops and new uses, 8, 457-460.
  • Öztürk, B., Konyalıoğlu, S., Kantarcı, G., Çetinkol, D., 2005. İzmir yöresindeki yabani Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas taksonundan elde edilen uçucu yağın bileşimi, antibakteriyel, antifungal ve antioksidan kapasitesi’, Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi,1, 61-72.
  • Öztürk, Ö., 2016. Antibacterial and antifungal effects of the leaf, seed, seed coat and fruit capsule of Aesculus hippocastanum (Sapindaceae) extracts, Acta Biologica Turcıca, 30, 20-23.
  • Pesavento, G., Calonico, C., Bilia, A.R., Barnabei, M., Calesini, F., Addona, R., Mencarelli, L., Carmagnini, L., Di Martino, M.C., Lo Nostro, A., 2015. Antibacterial activity of Oregano, Rosmarinus and Thymus essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in beef meatballs, Food Control, 54:188-199.
  • Pessini, G.L., Filho, B.P.D., Nakamura, C.V., Cortez, D.A.G., 2003, Antibacterial activity of extracts and neolignans from Piper regnellii (Miq) C.DC.var.pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck. Memo ´rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 98, 1115–1120.
  • Prabuseenivasan, S., Jayakumar, M., Ignacimuthu, S., 2006. In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant Essential oils. Biomedical Central, 6, 39-45.
  • Reichling, J., Weseler, A., Saller, R., 2001. A current review of the antimicrobial activity of Hypericum perforatum. Pharmacopsychiatry 34, 116-118.
  • Saenez, P., Tornos, M.P., Alvarez, A., Fernandez, M.A., Garcıa, M.D., 2004. Antibacterial activity of essential oils of Pimenta racemosa var. terebinthina and Pimenta racemosa var. grisea, Fıtoterapıa, 75, 599-602.
  • Solmaz, E.S., Ata, E.P., 2009. Adverse Effects of Herbal Medicines and Products. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 66, 133-141.
  • Süzgeç-Selçuk, S., Eyisan, S., 2012. Review: Türkiye’deki eczanelerde bulunan bitkisel ilaçlar. Journal of Marmara Pharmacy, 16, 164-180.
  • Şengün, İ.Y., Öztürk, B., 2018. Bitkisel kaynaklı bazı doğal antimikrobiyaller, Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi C-Yaşam Bilimleri ve Biyoteknoloji, 7, 256-276.
  • Veiga-Junior, V.F., Pinto, A.C., 2002. The Copaifera L. genus. Quim Nova, 25, 273-286.

Determination of Sensitivity of Hospital Pathogens Against Commercial Essential Oil

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 716 - 723, 15.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.537244

Öz

Hospitals are the
places where antibiotics for diagnosis and treatment are heavily used thus
bacteria and yeast resistance gains and the spread of resistant strains are the
most frequent environments. The increase in the number of antibiotic resistant
microorganisms adversely affects the infection treatments caused by the
microorganism and for this reason, the use of medicinal plants (extracts and
essential oils) as an alternative to drugs is becoming widespread.



The
aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of the eleven
plant essential oils against the four pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus
aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.,) and yeast (Candida
albicans). Broth dilution and well agar techniques were used in this study. The
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) and Nettle
(Urtica dioica) essential oils was found to be low (62.5 µL/mL), against Gram
positive bacteria and the antimicrobial activity of eleven plant essential oils
tested on Gram negative bacteria was found to be moderate (125-500 µL/mL). In
well agar test results, sage (Salvia officinalis), Bergamot, Pinus
terebenthinae, Urtica dioica were more effective on Gram positive bacteria (
13-30 mm)
than Gram negative bacteria (
8-18 mm) while Copaiba and Cedrus libani were not show any
inhibition zone on tested microorganisms and other tested essential oils have
antimicrobial activity against only Gram positive bacteria. It was determined
that C. albicans inhibition occurred only with Bergamot essential oil (500 µL /
mL). Rosewood (Copaifera officinalis) essential oil has not been found to
exhibit any activity on the all microorganisms tested.
It was thought that essential oils will provide
complementary and alternative solutions to combat microorganisms due to the
antimicrobial activity detected, and this study will contribute to the studies
on the identification of antimicrobial action mechanisms of essential oils.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Howiriny, T.A., 2003. Composition and antimicrobial activity of Essential oil of Salvia lanigera. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 133-135.
  • Anwara, F., Alia, M., Hussaina, A.I., Shahida, M., 2009. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds from Pakistan. Flavour Fragrance Journal, 24, 170–176.
  • Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Z., Gurib-Fakim, A., Mahomoodally, F., 2015. Antimicrobial, antibiotic potentiating activity and phytochemical profile of essential oils from exotic and endemic medicinal plants of Mauritius. Industrial Crops and Production, 71, 197–204
  • Behbahani, B.A., Tabatabaei-Yazdi, F., Shahidi, F., Mortazavi, A., 2013. Antimicrobial effects of Lavandula stoechas L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Science Journal of Microbiology, 2, 15-22.
  • Beyaz, M., 2014. Esansiyel yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, antioksidan ve antimutajenik aktiviteleri, Akademik Gıda,12, 45-53.
  • Bhuwan, C.J., Minky, M., Ajudhia, N.K., 2014. Pharmacognostical review of Urtica dioica L. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 1, 201-209.
  • Bonomo, M.G., Cafaro, C., Russo, D., Calabrone, L., Milella, L., Saturnino, C., Capasso, A., Salzano,G., 2004. Antimicrobial activity, antioxidant properties and phytochemical screening of Aesculus Hippocastanum mother tincture against food-borne bacteria. Letters in Drug Des Discovery, 12, 16-21.
  • Colak, H., Karaköse, E., Duman, F., 2017. High optoelectronic and antimicrobial performances of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Aesculus hippocastanum. Environmental Chemical Letter, 15, 547–552.
  • Dall Agnol, R., Ferrraz, A., Bernardi, A.P., Albring, D., Nör, C., Sermento, L., Lamb,L., Hass, M., von Poser, G., Schapoval, E.E.S., 2003, Antimicrobial activity of some Hypericum species, Phytomedicine, 10, 511-516.
  • Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Bozkır, A., 2010. Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Cedrus atlantica. International Journal of Agriculture Biology, 12, 381–385.
  • Eloff, J.N., 2001, Antibacterial activity of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro) (Anacardiaceae) bark and leaves. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 76, 305–308.
  • Eryılmaz, M., Tosun, A., Tümen, İ., 2016 Antimicrobial activity of some species from Pinaceae and Cupressaceae, Türk Journal Pharmacy Science, 13, 35-40.
  • Fisher, K., Phillips, C.A., 2006. The effect of lemon, orange and bergamot Essential oils and their components on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in food systems, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 3, 1232-1239.
  • Gomeso, N.M., Rezende, C.M., Fontes, S.P., Matheus, M.E., Fernandes, P.D., 2007. Antinociceptive activity of Amazonian copaiba oils. Journal of Ethnopharmacolgy, 12, 486-492.
  • Gülçin, G., Küfrevioğlu, I., Oktay, M., Büyükokuroğlu, M.E., 2004. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and Analgesic Activities of Netle (Urtica dioica). Journal of Ethnofarmacology, 90, 205- 215.
  • Harborne J.B., Baxter H. 1993. Phytochemical dictionary. a handbook of bioactive compounds from plants. Taylor and Francis, London].
  • Irshad, S., Mahmood, M., Perveen, F., 2012. In-vitro anti-bacterial activities of three medicinal plants using agar well diffusion method. Research of Journal Biology, 02, 1-8.
  • Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Denkova, Z., Stoyanova, A., Murgov, I., Gearon, V., Birkbeck, S., Schmidt, E., Geissler, M., 2006. Comparative study on the antimicrobial activities of different sandalwood essential oils of various origin. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 21,16-21.
  • Keshavarz, M., Mostafaie, A., Mansouri, K., Bidmeshkipour, A., Motlagh H.R.M., Parvaneh, S., 2010. In vitro and ex vivo antiangiogenic activity of Salvia officinalis. Phytotheraphy Research, 24, 1526–1531.
  • Keskin, D., Toroğlu, S., 2011. Gıda Kaynaklı Bazı Patojen Bakterilerin Gelişmesini Engelleyen Tıbbi Bitkiler ile Bunların Ekstraktları ve Uçucu Yağları. Academic Food Journal, 8, 53-60.
  • Kırmızıbekmez, H., Demirci, B., Yeşilada, E., Beşer, KH., Demirci, F. 2009. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the Essential oils of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. Stoechas growing in Turkey. Natural Product Communication, 4, 1001-1006.
  • Kizil, M., Kizil G., Yavuz, M., Aytekin, Ç., 2002. Antimicrobial activity of resins obtained from the roots and strems of Cedrus libani and Abies cilicia, Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2, 144-146.
  • Mannucci, C., Navarra, M., Calapai, F., Squeri, R., Gangemi, S., Calapai, G.I. 2017. Clinical Pharmacology of Citrus bergamia: A Systematic Review. Phytotheraphy Research, 31, 27–39.
  • Marotta S.M., Giarratana, F., Parco, A., Neri D., Zilino, G., Gluffride, A., Panebianco, A., 2016, Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of bergamot essential oil on different Listeria monocytogenes strains, Italian Journal of Food Safety, 5, 6176-6182.
  • Maurice, M.I., Angela, R.D., Chiris, O.O., 1990. New antimicrobials of plant origin. Perspectives on new crops and new uses, 8, 457-460.
  • Öztürk, B., Konyalıoğlu, S., Kantarcı, G., Çetinkol, D., 2005. İzmir yöresindeki yabani Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas taksonundan elde edilen uçucu yağın bileşimi, antibakteriyel, antifungal ve antioksidan kapasitesi’, Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi,1, 61-72.
  • Öztürk, Ö., 2016. Antibacterial and antifungal effects of the leaf, seed, seed coat and fruit capsule of Aesculus hippocastanum (Sapindaceae) extracts, Acta Biologica Turcıca, 30, 20-23.
  • Pesavento, G., Calonico, C., Bilia, A.R., Barnabei, M., Calesini, F., Addona, R., Mencarelli, L., Carmagnini, L., Di Martino, M.C., Lo Nostro, A., 2015. Antibacterial activity of Oregano, Rosmarinus and Thymus essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in beef meatballs, Food Control, 54:188-199.
  • Pessini, G.L., Filho, B.P.D., Nakamura, C.V., Cortez, D.A.G., 2003, Antibacterial activity of extracts and neolignans from Piper regnellii (Miq) C.DC.var.pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck. Memo ´rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 98, 1115–1120.
  • Prabuseenivasan, S., Jayakumar, M., Ignacimuthu, S., 2006. In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant Essential oils. Biomedical Central, 6, 39-45.
  • Reichling, J., Weseler, A., Saller, R., 2001. A current review of the antimicrobial activity of Hypericum perforatum. Pharmacopsychiatry 34, 116-118.
  • Saenez, P., Tornos, M.P., Alvarez, A., Fernandez, M.A., Garcıa, M.D., 2004. Antibacterial activity of essential oils of Pimenta racemosa var. terebinthina and Pimenta racemosa var. grisea, Fıtoterapıa, 75, 599-602.
  • Solmaz, E.S., Ata, E.P., 2009. Adverse Effects of Herbal Medicines and Products. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 66, 133-141.
  • Süzgeç-Selçuk, S., Eyisan, S., 2012. Review: Türkiye’deki eczanelerde bulunan bitkisel ilaçlar. Journal of Marmara Pharmacy, 16, 164-180.
  • Şengün, İ.Y., Öztürk, B., 2018. Bitkisel kaynaklı bazı doğal antimikrobiyaller, Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi C-Yaşam Bilimleri ve Biyoteknoloji, 7, 256-276.
  • Veiga-Junior, V.F., Pinto, A.C., 2002. The Copaifera L. genus. Quim Nova, 25, 273-286.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tuğça Bilenler 0000-0001-7831-6337

İncilay Gökbulut 0000-0003-4994-5788

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Mart 2019
Kabul Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Bilenler, T., & Gökbulut, İ. (2019). Hastane Patojenlerinin Ticari Uçucu Yağlara Karşı Hassasiyetlerinin Belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(4), 716-723. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.537244