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Pandemi ile Mücadele Eden Sağlık Çalışanlarının COVID-19 Bilgi Düzeyleri ve COVID-19 Tanısı Alma Durumlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 202 - 211, 19.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1051465

Öz

Bu çalışma, pandemi ile mücadele eden sağlık çalışanlarının COVID-19 bilgi düzeyleri ve COVID-19 tanısı alma durumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı desende planlandı. Türkiye’deki COVID-19 vaka sayısının en fazla olduğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki altı il merkezinde yer alan hastanelerde görev yapan sağlık çalışanları araştırmaya dahil edildi (n=385). Çalışmada, katılımcıların yaş ortalamasının 33.85±9.11 (min.20, max.60), %57.9’unun kadın, %43.4’ünün hemşire ve %47’sinin koronavirüs ile enfekte olduğu belirlendi. Sağlık çalışanlarının koronavirüs bilgi puanını önemli ölçüde etkileyen faktörlerin; COVID-19 tanısı almış olmak, kronik hastalık varlığı, psikolojik destek almış olma, kadın cinsiyet ve COVID-19 ile ön safhada mücadele etmek (front line) olduğu bulunmuştur. Koronavirüs hastalığına yakalanmada risk faktörlerinin; kişisel koruyucu ekipman eksikliği, çalışılan birim ve N95 maske değişim süresi olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, sağlık çalışanlarında bulaşın fazla olması nedeniyle gelecekteki salgınlar için bulaştan korunmaya yönelik kanıta dayalı eğitimlerin verilmesi ve başetme güçlerinin desteklenmesi önerilmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. Fung, T.S, and Liu, D.X. (2019). “Human Coronavirus: Host-Pathogen Interaction”. Annual Review of Microbiology, 8 (73), 529-557.
  • 2. Zhu, N, Zhang, D, Wang, W, Li, X, Yang, B, Song, J, Zhao, X, Huang, B, Shi, W, Lu, R, Niu, P, Zhan, F, Ma, X, Wang, D, Xu, W, Wu, G, Gao, G.F, Tan, W. and China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team (2020).
  • “A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019”. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (8), 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
  • 3. Huang, C, Wang, Y, Li, X, Ren, L, Zhao, J, Hu, Y, Zhang, L, Fan, G, Xu, J, Gu, X, Cheng, Z, Yu, T, Xia, J, Wei, Y, Wu, W, Xie, X, Yin, W, Li, H, Liu, M, Xiao, Y. and Cao, B. (2020). “Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China”. Lancet (London, England), 395 (10223), 497–506.
  • 4. World Health Organization.(2020). “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report–51. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization”. https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/ coronaviruse/situationreports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10.
  • 5. National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China (2020). “Prevent guideline of 2019-nCoV”. http://www. nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqfkdt/202001/bc661e49b5bc487dba182f5c49ac445b.shtml. (Accessed date: 1 Feb 2020)
  • 6. Shen, M, Peng, Z, Xiao, Y. and Zhang, L.(2020). “Modelling the epidemic trend of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China”. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.23.916726.
  • 7. Alraddadi, B.M, Al-Salmi, H.S, Jacobs-Slifka, K, Slayton, R. B, Estivariz, C.F, Geller, A.I, Al-Turkistani, H.H, Al-Rehily, S.S, Alserehi, H.A, Wali, G.Y, Alshukairi, A.N, Azhar, E.I, Haynes, L, Swerdlow, D.L, Jernigan, J.A. and
  • Madani, T.A. (2016). “Risk Factors for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection among Healthcare Personnel”. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22 (11), 1915–1920. 8. Mani, N.S, Budak, J.Z, Lan, K.F, Bryson-Cahn, C, Zelikoff, A, Barker, G, Grant, C.W, Hart, K, Barbee, C.J, Sandoval, M.D, Dostal, C.L, Corcorran, M, Ungerleider, H.M, Gates, J.O, Olin, S.V, Bryan, A, Hoffman, N.G, Marquis, S.R, Harvey, M.L, Nasenbeny, K. and Cohen, S.A. (2020). “Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019
  • Infection and Outcomes Among Symptomatic Healthcare Workers in Seattle, Washington”. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 71 (10), 2702–2707.
  • 9. Ran, L, Chen, X, Wang, Y, Wu, W, Zhang, L. and Tan, X. (2020). “Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China”. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 71 (16), 2218–2221. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/
  • 10. Shrestha, N.K, Marco Canosa, F, Nowacki, A.S, Procop, G.W, Vogel, S, Fraser, T.G, Erzurum, S.C, Terpeluk, P. and Gordon, S.M. (2020). “Distribution of Transmission Potential During Nonsevere COVID-19 Illness”. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 71 (11), 2927–2932.
  • 11. Al-Hanawi, M.K, Angawi, K, Alshareef, N, Qattan, A, Helmy, H.Z, Abudawood, Y, Alqurashi, M, Kattan, W.M, Kadasah, N.A, Chirwa, G.C. and Alsharqi, O. (2020). “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Frontiers in Public Health, 8 (217), 1-10.
  • 12. Ngwewondo, A, Nkengazong, L, Ambe, L.A, Ebogo, J.T, Mba, F.M, Goni, H.O, Nyunaï, N, Ngonde, M.C. and Oyono, J.E. (2020). “Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices of/Towards COVID 19 Preventive Measures and Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study during the Exponential Rise of the Outbreak in Cameroon”. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14 (9), e0008700.
  • 13. Khasawneh, A.I, Humeidan, A.A, Alsulaiman, J.W, Bloukh, S, Ramadan, M, Al-Shatanawi, T.N, Awad, H.H, Hijazi, W.Y, Al-Kammash, K.R, Obeidat, N, Saleh, T. and Kheirallah, K.A. (2020). “Medical Students and COVID-19: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Precautionary Measures. A Descriptive Study From Jordan”. Frontiers in Public Health, 8 (3), 253.
  • 14. Bhagavathula, A.S, Aldhaleei, W.A, Rahmani, J, Mahabadi, M.A. and Bandari, D.K. (2020). “Knowledge and Perceptions of COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers: Cross-Sectional Study”. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6 (2), E19160.
  • 15. Hamza, M.S, Badary, O.A. and Elmazar, M.M. (2021). “Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness and Knowledge of COVID-19 Among Senior pharmacy Students”. Journal of Community Health, 46 (1), 139–146..
  • 16. Shi, Y, Wang, J, Yang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, G, Hashimoto, K, Zhang, K. and Liu, H. (2020). “Knowledge and attitudes of medical staff in Chinese psychiatric hospitals regarding COVID-19”. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity Health, 4 (2), 100064.
  • 17. Ng, K, Poon, B.H, Kiat Puar, T.H, Shan Quah, J.L, Loh, W.J, Wong, Y.J, Tan, T.Y. and Raghuram, J. (2020). “COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report”. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172 (11), 766-767.
  • 18. Roupa, Z, Polychronis, G, Latzourakis, E, Nikitara, M, Ghobrial, S, Chrysafi, A. and Noula, M. (2021). “Assessment of Knowledge and Perceptions of Health Workers Regarding COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study from Cyprus”. Journal of Community Health, 46 (2), 251–258.
  • 19. CDC COVID-19 Response Team (2020). “Characteristics of Health Care Personnel with COVID-19” - United States, February 12-April 9, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69 (15), 477-481.
  • 20. Kanjee, Z, Catterick, K, Moll, A.P, Amico, K.R. and Friedland, G.H. (2011). “Tuberculosis infection control in rural South Africa: survey of knowledge, attitude and practice in hospital staff”. The Journal of hospital infection, 79 (4), 333–338.
  • 21. Chen, H, Guo, J, Wang, C, Luo, F, Yu, X, Zhang, W, Li, J, Zhao, D, Xu, D, Gong, Q, Liao, J, Yang, H, Hou, W. and Zhang, Y. (2020). “Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records”. Lancet (London, England), 395 (10226), 809–815.
  • 22. Kackin, O, Ciydem, E, Aci, O.S. and Kutlu, F.Y. (2021). “Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study”. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67 (2), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020942788
  • 23. Kang, L, Ma, S, Chen, M, Yang, J, Wang, Y, Li, R, Yao, L, Bai, H, Cai, Z, Xiang Yang, B, Hu, S, Zhang, K, Wang, G, Ma, C. and Liu, Z. (2020). “Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional
  • study”. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87 (3), 11-17.
  • 24. Consonni, D, Bordini, L, Nava, C, Todaro, A, Lunghi, G, Lombardi, A, Magioni, D, De Palo, F, Guerrieri, L, Gatti, M, Serra, D, Polonioli, M, Pratò, S, Muscatello, A, Bandera, A, Auxilia, F. and Castaldi, S. (2020). “COVID-19: What happened to the healthcare workers of a research and teaching hospital in Milan, Italy?”. Acta
  • bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91 (3), e2020016.
  • 25. Eyre, D.W, Lumley, S.F, O'Donnell, D, Campbell, M, Sims, E, Lawson, E, Warren, F, James, T, Cox, S, Howarth, A, Doherty, G, Hatch, S.B, Kavanagh, J, Chau, K.K, Fowler, P.W, Swann, J, Volk, D, Yang-Turner, F, Stoesser, N, Matthews, P.C. and Walker, T.M. (2020). “Differential occupational risks to healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 observed during a prospective observational study”. Elife, 9 (4), 1-21.
  • 26. Lu, C.W, Liu, X.F. and Jia, Z.F. (2020). “2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored”. Lancet (London, England), 395 (10224), e39.
  • 27. Çelebi, G, Pişkin, N, Çelik Bekleviç, A, Altunay, Y, Salcı Keleş, A, Tüz, M.A, Altınsoy, B. and Hacıseyitoğlu, D. (2020). “Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital”. American journal of infection control, 48 (10), 1225–1230.
  • 28. Miller, J.C, Qiu, X, MacFadden, D. and Hanage, W.P. (2020). “Evaluating the contributions of strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the healthcare setting: a modelling study”. Medrxiv: The Preprint Server For Health Sciences, 2020.04.20.20073080. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.200 73080
  • 29. van Doremalen, N, Bushmaker, T, Morris, D.H, Holbrook, M.G, Gamble, A, Williamson, B.N, Tamin, A, Harcourt, J.L, Thornburg, N.J, Gerber, S.I, Lloyd-Smith, J.O, de Wit, E. and Munster, V.J. (2020). “Aerosol and
  • Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1”. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (16), 1564-1567.
  • 30. Radonovich, L.J, Jr, Simberkoff, M.S, Bessesen, M.T, Brown, A.C, Cummings, D, Gaydos, C.A, Los, J.G, Krosche, A.E, Gibert, C.L, Gorse, G.J, Nyquist, A.C, Reich, N.G, Rodriguez-Barradas, M.C, Price, C.S, Perl, T.M, and
  • Respect investigators (2019). “N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks for Preventing Influenza Among Health Care Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial”. JAMA, 322 (9), 824-833.

Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling with Pandemic

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 202 - 211, 19.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1051465

Öz

The present study was conducted to determine of the factors affecting the COVID-19 knowledge levels and the status of being diagnosed with COVID-19 in healthcare employees struggling with the pandemic. This study, which was planned in cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational design. The healthcare employees working in hospitals in 6 city centers in the Black Sea Region, which has the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Turkey, were included in the study (n=385). It was determined in the present study that 33.85±9.11 (min.20, max.60), 57.9% of the participants were female, 43.4% were nurses, and 47% were infected with coronavirus. It was found that the factors that affected the coronavirus knowledge scores of health employees significantly were being diagnosed with COVID-19, presence of chronic diseases, receiving psychological support, female gender, and fighting COVID-19 in the front line. The risk factors for being infected with coronavirus disease were found to be the lack of personal protective equipment, unit worked at, and N95 mask replacement time (p<0.05). As a result of this study, ıt is recommended to provide evidence-based trainings to prevent transmission of future outbreaks and to support coping strengths since infection in healthcare employees is high.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. Fung, T.S, and Liu, D.X. (2019). “Human Coronavirus: Host-Pathogen Interaction”. Annual Review of Microbiology, 8 (73), 529-557.
  • 2. Zhu, N, Zhang, D, Wang, W, Li, X, Yang, B, Song, J, Zhao, X, Huang, B, Shi, W, Lu, R, Niu, P, Zhan, F, Ma, X, Wang, D, Xu, W, Wu, G, Gao, G.F, Tan, W. and China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team (2020).
  • “A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019”. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (8), 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
  • 3. Huang, C, Wang, Y, Li, X, Ren, L, Zhao, J, Hu, Y, Zhang, L, Fan, G, Xu, J, Gu, X, Cheng, Z, Yu, T, Xia, J, Wei, Y, Wu, W, Xie, X, Yin, W, Li, H, Liu, M, Xiao, Y. and Cao, B. (2020). “Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China”. Lancet (London, England), 395 (10223), 497–506.
  • 4. World Health Organization.(2020). “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report–51. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization”. https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/ coronaviruse/situationreports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10.
  • 5. National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China (2020). “Prevent guideline of 2019-nCoV”. http://www. nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqfkdt/202001/bc661e49b5bc487dba182f5c49ac445b.shtml. (Accessed date: 1 Feb 2020)
  • 6. Shen, M, Peng, Z, Xiao, Y. and Zhang, L.(2020). “Modelling the epidemic trend of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China”. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.23.916726.
  • 7. Alraddadi, B.M, Al-Salmi, H.S, Jacobs-Slifka, K, Slayton, R. B, Estivariz, C.F, Geller, A.I, Al-Turkistani, H.H, Al-Rehily, S.S, Alserehi, H.A, Wali, G.Y, Alshukairi, A.N, Azhar, E.I, Haynes, L, Swerdlow, D.L, Jernigan, J.A. and
  • Madani, T.A. (2016). “Risk Factors for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection among Healthcare Personnel”. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22 (11), 1915–1920. 8. Mani, N.S, Budak, J.Z, Lan, K.F, Bryson-Cahn, C, Zelikoff, A, Barker, G, Grant, C.W, Hart, K, Barbee, C.J, Sandoval, M.D, Dostal, C.L, Corcorran, M, Ungerleider, H.M, Gates, J.O, Olin, S.V, Bryan, A, Hoffman, N.G, Marquis, S.R, Harvey, M.L, Nasenbeny, K. and Cohen, S.A. (2020). “Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019
  • Infection and Outcomes Among Symptomatic Healthcare Workers in Seattle, Washington”. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 71 (10), 2702–2707.
  • 9. Ran, L, Chen, X, Wang, Y, Wu, W, Zhang, L. and Tan, X. (2020). “Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China”. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 71 (16), 2218–2221. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/
  • 10. Shrestha, N.K, Marco Canosa, F, Nowacki, A.S, Procop, G.W, Vogel, S, Fraser, T.G, Erzurum, S.C, Terpeluk, P. and Gordon, S.M. (2020). “Distribution of Transmission Potential During Nonsevere COVID-19 Illness”. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 71 (11), 2927–2932.
  • 11. Al-Hanawi, M.K, Angawi, K, Alshareef, N, Qattan, A, Helmy, H.Z, Abudawood, Y, Alqurashi, M, Kattan, W.M, Kadasah, N.A, Chirwa, G.C. and Alsharqi, O. (2020). “Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Frontiers in Public Health, 8 (217), 1-10.
  • 12. Ngwewondo, A, Nkengazong, L, Ambe, L.A, Ebogo, J.T, Mba, F.M, Goni, H.O, Nyunaï, N, Ngonde, M.C. and Oyono, J.E. (2020). “Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices of/Towards COVID 19 Preventive Measures and Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study during the Exponential Rise of the Outbreak in Cameroon”. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14 (9), e0008700.
  • 13. Khasawneh, A.I, Humeidan, A.A, Alsulaiman, J.W, Bloukh, S, Ramadan, M, Al-Shatanawi, T.N, Awad, H.H, Hijazi, W.Y, Al-Kammash, K.R, Obeidat, N, Saleh, T. and Kheirallah, K.A. (2020). “Medical Students and COVID-19: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Precautionary Measures. A Descriptive Study From Jordan”. Frontiers in Public Health, 8 (3), 253.
  • 14. Bhagavathula, A.S, Aldhaleei, W.A, Rahmani, J, Mahabadi, M.A. and Bandari, D.K. (2020). “Knowledge and Perceptions of COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers: Cross-Sectional Study”. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6 (2), E19160.
  • 15. Hamza, M.S, Badary, O.A. and Elmazar, M.M. (2021). “Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness and Knowledge of COVID-19 Among Senior pharmacy Students”. Journal of Community Health, 46 (1), 139–146..
  • 16. Shi, Y, Wang, J, Yang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, G, Hashimoto, K, Zhang, K. and Liu, H. (2020). “Knowledge and attitudes of medical staff in Chinese psychiatric hospitals regarding COVID-19”. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity Health, 4 (2), 100064.
  • 17. Ng, K, Poon, B.H, Kiat Puar, T.H, Shan Quah, J.L, Loh, W.J, Wong, Y.J, Tan, T.Y. and Raghuram, J. (2020). “COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report”. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172 (11), 766-767.
  • 18. Roupa, Z, Polychronis, G, Latzourakis, E, Nikitara, M, Ghobrial, S, Chrysafi, A. and Noula, M. (2021). “Assessment of Knowledge and Perceptions of Health Workers Regarding COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study from Cyprus”. Journal of Community Health, 46 (2), 251–258.
  • 19. CDC COVID-19 Response Team (2020). “Characteristics of Health Care Personnel with COVID-19” - United States, February 12-April 9, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69 (15), 477-481.
  • 20. Kanjee, Z, Catterick, K, Moll, A.P, Amico, K.R. and Friedland, G.H. (2011). “Tuberculosis infection control in rural South Africa: survey of knowledge, attitude and practice in hospital staff”. The Journal of hospital infection, 79 (4), 333–338.
  • 21. Chen, H, Guo, J, Wang, C, Luo, F, Yu, X, Zhang, W, Li, J, Zhao, D, Xu, D, Gong, Q, Liao, J, Yang, H, Hou, W. and Zhang, Y. (2020). “Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records”. Lancet (London, England), 395 (10226), 809–815.
  • 22. Kackin, O, Ciydem, E, Aci, O.S. and Kutlu, F.Y. (2021). “Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study”. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67 (2), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020942788
  • 23. Kang, L, Ma, S, Chen, M, Yang, J, Wang, Y, Li, R, Yao, L, Bai, H, Cai, Z, Xiang Yang, B, Hu, S, Zhang, K, Wang, G, Ma, C. and Liu, Z. (2020). “Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional
  • study”. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87 (3), 11-17.
  • 24. Consonni, D, Bordini, L, Nava, C, Todaro, A, Lunghi, G, Lombardi, A, Magioni, D, De Palo, F, Guerrieri, L, Gatti, M, Serra, D, Polonioli, M, Pratò, S, Muscatello, A, Bandera, A, Auxilia, F. and Castaldi, S. (2020). “COVID-19: What happened to the healthcare workers of a research and teaching hospital in Milan, Italy?”. Acta
  • bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91 (3), e2020016.
  • 25. Eyre, D.W, Lumley, S.F, O'Donnell, D, Campbell, M, Sims, E, Lawson, E, Warren, F, James, T, Cox, S, Howarth, A, Doherty, G, Hatch, S.B, Kavanagh, J, Chau, K.K, Fowler, P.W, Swann, J, Volk, D, Yang-Turner, F, Stoesser, N, Matthews, P.C. and Walker, T.M. (2020). “Differential occupational risks to healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 observed during a prospective observational study”. Elife, 9 (4), 1-21.
  • 26. Lu, C.W, Liu, X.F. and Jia, Z.F. (2020). “2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored”. Lancet (London, England), 395 (10224), e39.
  • 27. Çelebi, G, Pişkin, N, Çelik Bekleviç, A, Altunay, Y, Salcı Keleş, A, Tüz, M.A, Altınsoy, B. and Hacıseyitoğlu, D. (2020). “Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital”. American journal of infection control, 48 (10), 1225–1230.
  • 28. Miller, J.C, Qiu, X, MacFadden, D. and Hanage, W.P. (2020). “Evaluating the contributions of strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the healthcare setting: a modelling study”. Medrxiv: The Preprint Server For Health Sciences, 2020.04.20.20073080. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.200 73080
  • 29. van Doremalen, N, Bushmaker, T, Morris, D.H, Holbrook, M.G, Gamble, A, Williamson, B.N, Tamin, A, Harcourt, J.L, Thornburg, N.J, Gerber, S.I, Lloyd-Smith, J.O, de Wit, E. and Munster, V.J. (2020). “Aerosol and
  • Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1”. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (16), 1564-1567.
  • 30. Radonovich, L.J, Jr, Simberkoff, M.S, Bessesen, M.T, Brown, A.C, Cummings, D, Gaydos, C.A, Los, J.G, Krosche, A.E, Gibert, C.L, Gorse, G.J, Nyquist, A.C, Reich, N.G, Rodriguez-Barradas, M.C, Price, C.S, Perl, T.M, and
  • Respect investigators (2019). “N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks for Preventing Influenza Among Health Care Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial”. JAMA, 322 (9), 824-833.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ceyda Uzun Şahin 0000-0002-1392-7409

Nurşen Kulakaç 0000-0002-5427-1063

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Uzun Şahin, C., & Kulakaç, N. (2022). Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling with Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1051465
AMA Uzun Şahin C, Kulakaç N. Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling with Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Mart 2022;11(1):202-211. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1051465
Chicago Uzun Şahin, Ceyda, ve Nurşen Kulakaç. “Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed With COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling With Pandemic”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11, sy. 1 (Mart 2022): 202-11. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1051465.
EndNote Uzun Şahin C, Kulakaç N (01 Mart 2022) Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling with Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11 1 202–211.
IEEE C. Uzun Şahin ve N. Kulakaç, “Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling with Pandemic”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 1, ss. 202–211, 2022, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1051465.
ISNAD Uzun Şahin, Ceyda - Kulakaç, Nurşen. “Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed With COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling With Pandemic”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11/1 (Mart 2022), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1051465.
JAMA Uzun Şahin C, Kulakaç N. Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling with Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;11:202–211.
MLA Uzun Şahin, Ceyda ve Nurşen Kulakaç. “Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed With COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling With Pandemic”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 202-11, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1051465.
Vancouver Uzun Şahin C, Kulakaç N. Determination of the Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Knowledge Levels and the Status of Being Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Healthcare Employees Struggling with Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;11(1):202-11.