Examining the Effect of Perception of Threat from COVID-19 and New Media Literacy on the e-Health Literacy Level Using Path Analysis

Yıl 2022, Cilt 11, Sayı 1, 22 - 33, 19.03.2022

Aydın ÖZDEMİR Meral ÖZTÜRK

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.788000

Öz

In this study, the effect of perception of Threat from COVID-19 and new media literacy on the e-health literacy level was examined. Perception of threat from COVID-19 was measured using the scale of Perception of Threat from COVID-19 developed by Pérez-Fuentes et al. (2020), e-Health Literacy was measured using the scale of e-Health literacy Scale developed by Norman & Skinner (2006) and new media literacy was measured using the scale of New Media Literacy Scale developed by Koç and Barut (2016). The validity and reliability studies of these scales were carried out by the researchers. The sample of the research consisted of 387 participants living in different provinces of Turkey Participants were reached via the internet. Data were analyzed using Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (Second Order), and Structural Equation Model (Path Analysis). According to the findings, new media literacy has a significant effect on e-health literacy. However, the Perception of Threat from COVID-19 has not a significant effect on the e-health literacy level.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Perception of Threat from COVID-19, e-Health Literacy, New Media Literacy, Path Analysis

COVID-19 Tehdit Algısı ve Yeni Medya Okuryazarlığının e-Sağlık Okuryazarlığına Etkisinin Yol Analizi Kulllanılarak İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 tehdit algısı ve yeni medya okuryazarlığının, e-sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyine etkisi incelenmiştir. COVID-19 tehdit algısı Pérez-Fuentes vd. (2020) tarafından geliştirilen COVID-19 Tehdit Algısı Ölçeği, e-sağlık okuryazarlığı Norman ve Skinner (2006)’in geliştirdiği e-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği, yeni medya okuryazarlığı ise Koç ve Barut (2016)’un geliştirdiği Yeni Medya Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Bu ölçeklerin geçerleme ve güvenilirlik çalışmaları araştırmacılar tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi Türkiye’nin çeşitli illerinde yaşayan 387 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara internet yoluyla ulaşılmıştır. Veriler Keşfedici Faktör Analizi, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (İkinci Düzey) ve Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (Yol Analizi) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, Yeni Medya Okuryazarlığı, e-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir. Bununla birlikte COVID-19 Tehdit Algısının, e-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi yoktur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 Tehdit Algısı, e-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Yeni Medya Okuryazarlığı, Yol Analizi

Kaynakça

• Pérez-Fuentes, M.C., Molero Jurado, M.M., Oropesa Ruiz, N.F., Martos Martínez, Á., Simón Márquez, M.M., Herrera-Peco, I., and Gázquez Linares, J.J. (2020). “Questionnaire on Perception of Threat from COVID-19”. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9 (4), 1196. doi:10.3390/jcm9041196.
• Petrie, K. J., Jago, L. A. and Devcich, D. A. (2007). “The Role Of İllness Perceptions İn Patients With Medical Conditions: Current Opinion in Psychiatry”. 20 (2), 163-167. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328014a871
• Moorhead, S. A., Hazlett, D. E., Harrison, L., Carroll, J. K., Irwin, A. and Hoving, C. (2013). “A New Dimension of Health Care: Systematic Review of The Uses, Benefits, and Limitations of Social Media For Health Communication”. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15 (4), 85.https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1933
• Held, C. and Cress, U. (2009). Learning by Foraging: The İmpact Of Social Tags On Knowledge Acquisition. In U. Cress, V. Dimitrova, & M. Specht (Eds.), Learning in the Synergy of Multiple Disciplines, 5794, 254–266. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04636-0_24
• Davies, A., Fidler, D. and Gorbis, M. (2011). Future Work Skills 2020. Palo Alto, CA: Institute for the Future for University of Phoenix Research Institute.https://uqpn.uq.edu.au/files/203/LIBBY%20MARSHALL%20future_work_skills_2020_full_research_report_final_1.pdf
• Norman, C. D. and Skinner, H. A. (2006). “E-healts: The e-Health Literacy Scale”. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 8 (4), e27. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8.4.e27
• Broadbent, E., Petrie, K. J., Main, J. and Weinman, J. (2006). “The brief illness perceptionquestionnaire”. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(6), 631–637.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.10.020
• Leventhal, H., Phillips, L. A. and Burns, E. (2016). “The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (Csm): A Dynamic Framework for Understanding Illness Self-Management”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 39 (6), 935–946. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-016-9782-2
• Dryhurst, S., Schneider, C. R., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L. J., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A. M., Spiegelhalter, D. and Van der Linden, S. (2020). “Risk Perceptions of COVID-19 Around The World”. Journal of Risk Research, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1758193
• Aufderheide, P. (1993). Media literacy: A report of the national leadership conference on media literacy. Aspen, CO: Aspen Institute.
• CML (2020). Media literacy: A Definition and More. Retrieved June 26, 2020, from https://www.medialit.org/media-literacy-definition-and-more
• Koç, M. and Barut, E. (2016). “Development and Validation of New Media Literacy Scale (Nmls) For University Students”. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 834–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.035
• Publications Office of the European Union (2014). Study on the Current Trends and Approaches to Media Literacy in Europe, Catalogue Number: KK-02-14-648-EN-N.
• Chen, D. T., Wu, J. and Wang, Y. M. (2011). “Unpacking new media literacy”. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 9(2), 84- 88.
• Chesser, A., Burke, A., Reyes, J. and Rohrberg, T. (2016). “Navigating the Digital Divide: A Systematic Review of Ehealth Literacy in Underserved Populations in the United States”. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 41 (1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3109/17538157.2014.948171
• Xie, B. (2011). “Older Adults, E-Health Literacy, and Collaborative Learning: An Experimental Study”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62 (5), 933-946.
• Akbarinejad, F., Soleymani, M. and Shahrzadi, L. (2017). “The Relationship Between Media Literacy and Health Literacy among Pregnant Women in Health Centers of Isfahan”. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 6 (1), 17. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.204749
• Gonzales, R., Glik, D., Davoudi, M. and Ang, A. (2004). “Media Literacy and Public Health: Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice For Tobacco Control”. American Behavioral Scientist, 48 (2), 189–201.
• Friis, K., Lasgaard, M., Pedersen, M. H., Duncan, P. and Maindal, H. T. (2019). “Health Literacy, Multimorbidity, and Patient-Perceived Treatment Burden İn İndividuals With Cardiovascular Disease. A Danish Population-Based Study”. Patient Education and Counseling, 102 (10), 1932–1938.
• Husson, O., Thong, M. S. Y., Mols, F., Oerlemans, S., Kaptein, A. A. and Van de Poll-Franse, L. V.(2013). “Illness Perceptions in Cancer Survivors: What is the Role of Information Provision?: Illnessperceptions in Cancer Survivors”. Psycho-Oncology, 22 (3), 490–498.
• Wolf, M. S., Serper, M., Opsasnick, L., O’Conor, R. M., Curtis, L. M., Benavente, J. Y., Wismer, G., Batio, S., Eifler, M., Zheng, P., Russell, A., Arvanitis, M., Ladner, D., Kwasny, M., Persell, S. D., Rowe, T., Linder, J. A. and Bailey, S. C. (2020). “Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related To Covid-19 among Adults With Chronic Conditions At The Onset Of The U. S. Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey”. Annals of Internal Medicine, M20-1239. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1239
• Chung, S.-Y. and Nahm, E.-S. (2015). “Testing Reliability and Validity of The Ehealth Literacy Scale (Eheals) For Older Adults Recruited Online”. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 33 (4), 150–156.
• Zarocostas, J. (2020). “How to Fight an Infodemic”. The Lancet, 395 (10225), 676. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30461-X WHO. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 86, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200415-sitrep-86-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c615ea20_6, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2020).
• PAHO. (2020). Understanding the infodemic and misinformation in the fight against COVID-19, Factsheet N.5, https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/52052/ Factsheet-infodemic_eng.pdf?sequence=5. (Erişim Tarihi: 28.06.2020).
• Sekaran, U. (1992). Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach (2nd edition).USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Hair, J.F, Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. and Anderson, R.E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th edition). USA: Pearson Education Limited.
• Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş: Temel İlkeler Ve LISREL Uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks.
• Koçak Alan, A., Tümer Kabadayı, E. and Yılmaz, C. (2016). Cognitive and Affective Constituents of The Consumption Experience in Retail Service Settings Effects on Store Loyalty. Service Business, 10 (4), 715–735.
• Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39.
• Zait, A. and Bertea, P. E. (2011), Methods for Testing Discriminant Validity. Management and Marketing, 9 (2), 217- 224.
• Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2016), Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Meydan, C.H. ve Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulamaları (2. baskı). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Hu, L.. and Bentler, P. M. (1999). “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives”. Structural Equation Modeling, 6 (1), 155.
• Gaskin, J. and Lim, J. (2016), Model Fit Measures.Gaskination's StatWiki, 1-55.
• Shirzad, M., Dilmaghani, N.T. and Lafte, A. (2019). “The Role of Media Literacy in Health Literacy and Internet Addiction Among Female Postgraduate Students”. Journal of Research & Health, 9 (3), 254-260.
• Rennis, L., McNamara, G., Seidel, E.J. and Shneyderman, Y. (2013). “Google It!: Urban Community College Students' Use of the Internet to Obtain Self-Care and Personal Health Information”. College Student Journal, 49, 414-426.
• Neter, E. and Brainin, E. (2012). “Ehealth Literacy: Extending The Digital Divide To The Realm of Health İnformation”. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14 (1), e19.
• Kuenssberg, L. (2020, July 24). Johnson Changes Tone Over Handling of Pandemic. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/ news/uk-politics-53532709
• Hung, K. and Law, R. (2011). “An Overview of Internet-Based Surveys in Hospitality and Tourism Journals”. Tourism Management, 32 (4), 717-724.