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Ziyaretçilerin Kara Turizm Destinasyonlarını Ziyaret Etme Motivasyonları Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma: Ulucanlar Cezaevi Müzesi Örneği

Yıl 2024, , 87 - 107, 24.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1326808

Öz

Kara turizm çalışmaları son zamanlarda turizm çalışmaları içerisinde artış gösteren önemli bir konu alanı olmuştur. Ancak bu konu özelinde yapılan çalışmaların ampirik yönü eksik kalmıştır. Türkiye’de ise kara turizm çalışmaları oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, Ulucanlar Cezaevi Müzesi'ni ziyaret edenlerin davranışlarını açıklayabilmek için Planlı Davranış Teorisi’nin (PDT) tutum yapısı ile beş adet kara turizm yapısı (iç karartıcı deneyim, ilgi çekici eğlence, benzersiz öğrenme deneyimi, geçici ilgi ve duygusal rekreasyon) arasındaki nedensel ilişkilerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Ulucanlar Cezaevi Müzesi’ni ziyaret eden kişilerden basit örnekleme dayalı olarak 366 anket verisi toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) ile analiz edilerek araştırmada öne sürülen beş hipotez test edilmiştir. Bulgular, benzersiz öğrenme deneyimi ve duygusal rekreasyon yapılarının, ziyaretçilerin tutumları üzerinde güçlü bir belirleyiciliğinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca geçici ilgi ve ilgi çekici eğlence yapıları ile tutum arasındaki ilişkinin pozitif yönlü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar bu tür destinasyonları ziyaret etmeye niyetli turistlerin davranışlarının açıklanmasında önerilen modelin kullanılabileceğini destekler niteliktedir. Elde edilen sonuçların hem teorik hem de pratik anlamda çeşitli çıkarımlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, V., Pizam, A., & Medeiros, M. (2022). The impact of attitudes, motivational factors, and emotions on theimage of a dark tourism site and the desire of the victims’descendants to visit it.Journal of Heritage Tourism,17(3), 264–282.https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2021.1955892
  • Abranja, N. (2012). Gestão de Agências de viagens e turismo. Lisboa: Lidel.
  • Allman, H. R. (2017). Motivations and intentions of tourists to visit dark tourism locations. Graduate Theses and Dissertations, 15243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/etd-180810-4871
  • Altındağ Belediyesi. (2023). Ulucanlar’a ziyaretçi akını. https://altindag.bel.tr/#!haberler/ulucanlara-ziyaretci-akini-22-
  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (2012). Specification, evaluation, and interpretation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), 8–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0278-x
  • Biran, A., Poria, Y., & Oren, G. (2011). Sought experiences at dark heritage sites. Annals of Tourism Research. 38, 820-841. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2010.12.001.
  • Bissell, L. J. (2009). Understanding Motivation and Perception at Two Dark Tourism Attractions in Winnipeg. MB, Thesis, University of Manitoba, Print.
  • Blackford, M. (2005). Tourism, the environment and the military: The case of Guam. Business and Economic History Online, 3: 1-6.
  • Blom, T. (2000). Morbid tourism: a postmodern market niche with an example from Althorp. Norsk-Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 54(1), 29-36.
  • Bulut, Z., & İli Demirel, N. (2022). Türkiye ve dünyadaki “hüzün turizmi” çalışmalarının bibliyometrik analizi. Turizm ve İşletme Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 67-88.
  • Çetinsöz, B. C. (2017). Karanlık (Dark) alanları ziyaret eden yerli turistleri motive eden etmenler: Ankara Ulucanlar Cezaevi Müzesine yönelik bir içerik analizi. II. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu, Alanya.
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  • Dunne, G. (2009). Motivation and decision making in city break travel: The case of Dublin. Saarbrucken: VDM Publishing.
  • Eren, E. (2013). Yönetim ve organizasyon (çağdaş ve küresel yaklaşımlar). (11. Baskı), İstanbul: Beta.
  • Farmaki, A. (2013), Dark tourism revisited: a supply/demand conceptualisation. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 281-292.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addisonó-Wesley.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1981). Attitudes and voting behavior: An application of the theory of reasoned action. In G. M. Stephenson & J. M. Davis (Eds.), Progress in Applied Social Psychology (Vol. I, pp. 253-313). London: Wiley.
  • Foley, M. & Lennon, J. J. (1996). JFK and Dark tourism: A Fascination with assassination. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4):198-211.
  • Fonseca, A. P., Seabra, C., & Silva, C. (2016). Typologies and sites. Journal and Tourism Research Hospitality S2-002. https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.S2-002
  • Fraiz, J. A. (2015)., The constant evolution of tourism: Innovation, technology, new products and experiences. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 3(4), 739-740.
  • Fridgen, J. D. (1996). Dimensions of tourism. MI: Butterworth- Heinemann. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 5, Issue 3). Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, NJ.
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  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115– 135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  • Hosany, S., Martin, D., & Woodside, A. G. (2021). Emotions in Tourism: Theoretical Designs, Measurements, Analytics, and Interpretations. Journal of Travel Research, 60(7), 1391–1407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520937079
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An Empirical Study on Visitors' Motivation to Visit Dark Tourism Destinations: The Case of Ulucanlar Prison Museum

Yıl 2024, , 87 - 107, 24.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1326808

Öz

Dark tourism studies have recently become an increasingly important subject area within tourism studies. However, the empirical aspect of the studies on this subject has been lacking. In Türkiye, dark tourism studies are pretty limited. In this study, to explain the behaviour of visitors to Ulucanlar Prison Museum, the causal relationship between the attitude structure of Planned Behavior Theory (PDT) and five dark tourism constructs (depressing experience, exciting entertainment, unique learning experience, temporary interest and emotional recreation) is examined. The aim is to reveal the relationships. For this purpose, 366 survey data were collected from simple sampling from people visiting the Ulucanlar Prison Museum. The obtained data were analyzed with the Structural Equation Model (SEM), and five hypotheses were tested in the research. The findings showed that unique learning experiences and emotional recreation structures strongly determine visitors' attitudes. In addition, it was determined that the relationship between temporary interest and interesting entertainment structures and attitudes was positive. These results support that the proposed model can be used to explain the behaviour of tourists who intend to visit such destinations. The results obtained are thought to provide various inferences theoretically and practicall.

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, V., Pizam, A., & Medeiros, M. (2022). The impact of attitudes, motivational factors, and emotions on theimage of a dark tourism site and the desire of the victims’descendants to visit it.Journal of Heritage Tourism,17(3), 264–282.https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2021.1955892
  • Abranja, N. (2012). Gestão de Agências de viagens e turismo. Lisboa: Lidel.
  • Allman, H. R. (2017). Motivations and intentions of tourists to visit dark tourism locations. Graduate Theses and Dissertations, 15243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/etd-180810-4871
  • Altındağ Belediyesi. (2023). Ulucanlar’a ziyaretçi akını. https://altindag.bel.tr/#!haberler/ulucanlara-ziyaretci-akini-22-
  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (2012). Specification, evaluation, and interpretation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), 8–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0278-x
  • Biran, A., Poria, Y., & Oren, G. (2011). Sought experiences at dark heritage sites. Annals of Tourism Research. 38, 820-841. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2010.12.001.
  • Bissell, L. J. (2009). Understanding Motivation and Perception at Two Dark Tourism Attractions in Winnipeg. MB, Thesis, University of Manitoba, Print.
  • Blackford, M. (2005). Tourism, the environment and the military: The case of Guam. Business and Economic History Online, 3: 1-6.
  • Blom, T. (2000). Morbid tourism: a postmodern market niche with an example from Althorp. Norsk-Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 54(1), 29-36.
  • Bulut, Z., & İli Demirel, N. (2022). Türkiye ve dünyadaki “hüzün turizmi” çalışmalarının bibliyometrik analizi. Turizm ve İşletme Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 67-88.
  • Çetinsöz, B. C. (2017). Karanlık (Dark) alanları ziyaret eden yerli turistleri motive eden etmenler: Ankara Ulucanlar Cezaevi Müzesine yönelik bir içerik analizi. II. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu, Alanya.
  • Davies, O. (2007). The haunted: A social history of ghosts. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dil, Ş. M., Yıldırım, S., E., & Koç, Y., D. (2016). Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi Çerçevesinde Aile İşletmelerinde Kurumsallaşma Sürecinin İrdelenmesi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 451- 457.
  • Dunne, G. (2009). Motivation and decision making in city break travel: The case of Dublin. Saarbrucken: VDM Publishing.
  • Eren, E. (2013). Yönetim ve organizasyon (çağdaş ve küresel yaklaşımlar). (11. Baskı), İstanbul: Beta.
  • Farmaki, A. (2013), Dark tourism revisited: a supply/demand conceptualisation. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 281-292.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addisonó-Wesley.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1981). Attitudes and voting behavior: An application of the theory of reasoned action. In G. M. Stephenson & J. M. Davis (Eds.), Progress in Applied Social Psychology (Vol. I, pp. 253-313). London: Wiley.
  • Foley, M. & Lennon, J. J. (1996). JFK and Dark tourism: A Fascination with assassination. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4):198-211.
  • Fonseca, A. P., Seabra, C., & Silva, C. (2016). Typologies and sites. Journal and Tourism Research Hospitality S2-002. https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.S2-002
  • Fraiz, J. A. (2015)., The constant evolution of tourism: Innovation, technology, new products and experiences. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 3(4), 739-740.
  • Fridgen, J. D. (1996). Dimensions of tourism. MI: Butterworth- Heinemann. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 5, Issue 3). Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  • Han, H., & Kim, Y. (2010). An Investigation of Green Hotel Customers’ Decision Formation: Develeoping an Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 659-668.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115– 135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  • Hosany, S., Martin, D., & Woodside, A. G. (2021). Emotions in Tourism: Theoretical Designs, Measurements, Analytics, and Interpretations. Journal of Travel Research, 60(7), 1391–1407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520937079
  • Howell, T. J., McLeod, E. M., & Coleman, G. J. (2019). When zoo visitors “connect” with a zoo animal, what does that mean?. Zoo Biology, 38, 461–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21509
  • Hyde, K. F., & Harman S. (2011). Motives for a Secular Pilgrimage to the Gallipoli Battlefields. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1343-1351.
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User’s reference guide. Scientific Software International.
  • Kanbur, E. (2021). A ve B kişilik tiplerinin hüzün turizmi deneyimlerine etkisi: Tarihi Sinop Cezaevi Müzesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Turizm İşletmeciliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kastamonu.
  • Karataş, M., & Babür, S. (2013). Gelişen dünyada turizm sektörünün yeri. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomi̇k Araştırmalar Dergisi, 15-24.
  • Kılıç, B., & Akyurt, H. (2011). Destinasyon imajı oluşturmada hüzün turizmi: Afyonkarahisar ve Başkomutan Tarihi Milli Parkı. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 209-232.
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  • Ma, J., Gao, J., Scott, N., & Ding, P. (2013). Customer delight from theme park experiences: The antecedents of delight based on cognitive appraisal theory. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 359–381.
  • Malone, S., McCabe, S., & Smith, A. (2014). The role of emotion in ethical consumption. Annals of Tourism Research, 44, 241–254.
  • Martin, D. S., Ramamonjiarivelo, Z., & Martin, W. S. (2011). MEDTOUR: A Scale for Measuring Medical Tourism Intentions. Tourism Review, 66(1), 45-56.
  • Miles, W. (2002). Auschwitz: museum interpretation and darker tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(4), 1175-1178.
  • Millán, M. G. D., Millan Vazquez de la Torre, M. G., & Hernandez Rojas,R. (2021). Dark tourism in Southern Spain (Córdoba): An analysis of the demand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2740. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph18052740
  • Moutinho, L. (2000) Trends in tourism. CABI Books. CABI.
  • Nawijn J., Isaac R. K., Gridnevskiy K., & van Liempt A. (2018). Holocaust Concentration Camp Memorial Sites: An Exploratory Study into Expected Emotional Response. Current Issues in Tourism, 21 (2), 175–90.
  • Özdemir, F., & Çakmak, T. F. (2022). Hüzün turizmi üzerine bibliyometrik bir analiz. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 389-406. https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1026021
  • Özer, L., Kement, Ü., & Gultekin, B. (2015). Genişletilmiş Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi Kapsamında Yeşil Yıldızlı Otelleri Tekrar Ziyaret Etme Niyeti. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(33), 59-85.
  • Öztürk, A. (2016). Hüzün turizmi katılımcılarının kişilik özellikleri, motivasyonları ve memnuniyetleri arasındaki ilişki. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Antalya.
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  • Qian, L., Zheng, C., Wang, J., Pérez Sánchez, M. D L Á., Parra López, E. and Li, H. (2022). Dark tourism destinations: the relationships between tourists’ on-site experience, destination image and behavioural intention. Tourism Review, 77(2), 607-621.
  • Raine, R. (2013). A dark tourist spectrum. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 242-256.
  • Rojek, C. (1993). Ways of escape: Modern transformations in leisure and travel. Palgrave Macmillan.
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  • Schneider, A., Anghel-Vlad, S., Negruț, L., Goje, G., & Para, I. (2021). Tourists’ motivations for visiting dark tourism sites. Case Of Romania. The Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences, 140-150.
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  • Seaton, A. (1996). Guided by the dark: from thanatopsis to thanatourism. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2,234–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722178.
  • Seaton, A., & Lennon, J. J. (2004). Thanatourism in the early 21st century: moral panics, ulterior motives and ulterior desires. Singh, T. (Ed.). New Horizons in Tourism: Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA, pp. 63-82.
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  • Yazıt, H., & Bayram, E. G. (2022). Ziyaretçilerin Seyahat motivasyonu, memnuniyeti, tekrar ziyaret niyeti ve sadakat algısı ilişkisi. Turizm ve İşletme Bilimleri Dergisi, 2 (2), 103-121.
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Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cemal Kaleli 0000-0001-8267-2641

Tamer Özlü 0000-0002-8847-7967

Kuttusi Zorlu 0000-0001-8924-6549

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaleli, C., Özlü, T., & Zorlu, K. (2024). Ziyaretçilerin Kara Turizm Destinasyonlarını Ziyaret Etme Motivasyonları Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma: Ulucanlar Cezaevi Müzesi Örneği. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 87-107. https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1326808

Değerli Araştırmacılar,

Dergimize gönderilen çalışmalar geliş sırasına ve konusuna göre öncelikle editör değerlendirmesinden geçmekte, editör görüşü doğrultusunda hakem değerlendirmesine karar verilmektedir. Değerlendirme süreci tamamlanan çalışmalar da aynı şekilde değerlendirmenin tamamlanma tarihlerine, türlerine ve kapsamlarına göre yayıma kabul edilmektedir. Bu yüzden GTAD'a gönderilen çalışmaların herhangi bir sayıda yayıma kabul edileceğinin planlanarak önerilmemesi gerektiğini tekrar hatırlatmak isteriz. Detaylı bilgi için yayın politkası incelenebilir.